乳腺X线立体穿刺钢丝定位活检术的临床应用

目的:探讨乳腺X线立体穿刺钢丝定位活检术在不能触及乳腺病灶中的临床应用价值。方法:对58例钼靶X片上有可疑病灶而无临床体征的患者,通过X线立体定位穿刺,放入钢丝标记,指导外科切除活检,组织病理学检查明确诊断。结果:58例不能触及乳腺病灶一次定位切检成功,经病理检查证实恶性病变20例,良性病变38例。结论:乳腺X线立体穿刺钢丝定位活检术对不能触及乳腺病灶的定位定性诊断有重要价值,是诊断无体征早期乳腺癌的理想诊断技术。     

乳腺X线立体定位穿刺活检术

乳腺Ｘ线立体定位穿刺活检术王庆全,鲍润贤,杨建梅,青春,曹旭晨,姚秉瑜天津医科大学附属肿瘤医院放射科（天津市　３０００６０）摘要目的：乳腺Ｘ线立体定位穿刺活检,是９０年代在电子计算机辅助下开展起来的一种新的乳腺检查方法。方法：它是在常规乳腺Ｘ线片观察...     

早期乳腺癌诊断方法的新进展

本文（１）比较各种诊断隐性乳腺癌的技术。（２）评估哨兵淋巴结活检在早期乳腺癌外科治疗中的作用。 Ｘ线检查乳腺病变 乳腺Ｘ线检查在发达国家的广泛使用,增加了早期乳癌的检出率。Ｘ线检查发现的可疑物是不规则或针状的肿块,和小的钙化。要使这些病变被鉴别,还必须使用一些活检手段来提供诊断,包括立体定位或超声波指导的空心针吸活检（ＳＣＮＢ或ＵＳＣＮＢ）、经皮肤的细针穿刺细胞学检查（ＦＮＡ）、乳房切开、ＡＢＢＩ系统或外吸局部活检（ＮＬＢ）。 立体定位或超声波指导的空心针吸活检诊断隐性病变最常用的技术是立体定位空…     

X线摄片计算机辅助定位穿刺活检对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值

为了探讨乳腺钼靶X线摄片在计算机辅助下立体定位核心穿刺活检对临床上不能扪及肿块的早期乳腺癌的诊断价值,对48例临床上不能扪及明确肿块、乳腺X线摄片发现可疑病变患者,采用计算机辅助立体定位核心穿刺,取得活组织行病理检查。结果示,48例患者中共发现早期乳腺癌7例,占14.6%。初步研究结果提示,X线摄片计算机辅助立体定位核心穿刺活检技术具有定位精确、可靠程度高、创伤小、操作简单等优点,对早期乳腺癌的诊断有重要价值。     

X线立体定位活检在触诊阴性的乳腺微小病灶中的应用

目的 探讨乳腺X线及立体定位活检在临床触诊阴性的乳腺内微小病灶的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析81例临床触诊阴性而乳腺摄片发现微小病变并进行立体定位穿刺活检患者的病例资料.结果 81例中乳腺良性病变58例(71.6%),恶性病变23例(28.4%).结论 临床触诊阴性的乳腺微小病变应积极活检,乳腺X线及立体定位活检术是提高早期乳腺癌检出率的有效方法并能指导治疗和选择最佳的手术方式.     

立体定位针吸活检与导丝导向切除活检对隐匿性乳腺病变诊断价值的比较

临床触诊阴性而乳腺摄片或者高频超声探头探测的微小病灶分别用钼靶X线或B超立体定位下穿刺活检病理检查，随后将头端带有倒勾的钢丝头端置于病灶中心，指导手术切除病理检查。结果示51例患者。穿刺活检检出23例恶性病变，良性病变28例；此28例良性肿瘤，其中4例在导丝导向活检中诊断恶性疾病，针吸活检乳腺癌的诊断符合率92．2％(47／51)，假阴性率7．8％(4／51)。初步研究结果提示，X线或B超下乳腺病灶穿刺活检及钢丝导向手术切除病灶活检均具有定位准确、创伤小，是诊治隐匿性乳腺疾病的可靠方法。但针吸活检有一定的漏诊率。     

立体定位针吸活检与导丝导向切除活检对隐匿性乳腺病变诊断价值的比较

临床触诊阴性而乳腺摄片或者高频超声探头探测的微小病灶分别用钼靶X线或B超立体定位下穿刺活检病理检查 ,随后将头端带有倒勾的钢丝头端置于病灶中心 ,指导手术切除病理检查。结果示 5 1例患者 ,穿刺活检检出 2 3例恶性病变 ,良性病变 2 8例 ;此 2 8例良性肿瘤 ,其中 4例在导丝导向活检中诊断恶性疾病 ,针吸活检乳腺癌的诊断符合率 92 2 % ( 4 7/ 5 1) ,假阴性率 7 8% ( 4 / 5 1)。初步研究结果提示 ,X线或B超下乳腺病灶穿刺活检及钢丝导向手术切除病灶活检均具有定位准确、创伤小 ,是诊治隐匿性乳腺疾病的可靠方法。但针吸活检有一定的漏诊率     

X线摄片计算机辅助定位穿刺活检对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值

为了探讨乳腺钼靶X线摄片在计算机辅助下立体定位核心穿刺活检对临床上不能扪及肿块的早期乳腺癌的诊断价值，对48例临床上不能扪及明确肿块、乳腺X线摄片发现可疑病变患者，采用计算机辅助立体定位核心穿刺，取得活组织行病理检查。结果示，48例患者中共发现早期乳腺癌7例，占14．6％。初步研究结果提示，X线摄片计算机辅助立体定位核心穿刺活检技术具有定位精确、可靠程度高、创伤小、操作简单等优点，对早期乳腺癌的诊断有重要价值。     

乳腺X线立体定位穿刺术的临床价值

目的：探讨乳腺X线立体定位穿刺术的临床价值。方法：回顾1997年1月—2002年6月对105例的108个病灶，根据X线钼靶摄片所发现的恶性及可疑恶性、不能肯定其性质的病灶行立体定位穿刺，作病理学检查。结果：在105例的108个病灶的检查中，诊断符合率为95．4％，定性诊断准确率为100％。结论：乳腺X线立体定位穿刺术定位活检准确、技术创伤小、简单易行，具有重要的临床价值。     

乳腺Ｘ线立体定位导丝引导切除活检在触诊阴性乳腺钙化病变诊治中的应用

目的：探讨乳腺 Ｘ线立体定位导丝引导开放切除活检在触诊阴性乳腺钙化病变诊治中的应用价值。 方法：回顾性分析自 ２０１７年 ９月至 ２０２１年 ７月在我院就诊的临床查体阴性而乳腺 Ｘ线检查 ＢＩ ＲＡＤＳ分级为 ４～５ 级的可疑钙化病变患者资料,患者分为两组,分别接受体表定位法和乳腺 Ｘ线立体定位导丝引导进行乳腺钙化病变 开放手术切除活检,比较两组定位的准确性和保乳率。结果：共 １３１例钙化患者接受了开放手术切除活检,双侧均有 钙化病变者 ７例,最终 １３８个病灶进行分析。２２个病灶采用体表定位标记后开放切除活检,术中二次扩大切除率为 ９．１％（２／２２）,保乳率为 ４２．９％（３／７）。１１６个病灶采用乳腺 Ｘ线立体定位导丝引导开放切除活检,术中二次扩大切 除率为 １．７％（２／１１６）,保乳率为 ５２．９％（９／１７）。结论：乳腺 Ｘ线立体定位引导下的导丝穿刺,可精准定位可疑钙化 病变,准确切除,避免二次扩大切除,提高保乳率,是适合在基层医院进行推广的一种诊断和治疗手段。     

Ultrasound imaging features of radial scars of the breast

Radial scars of the breast are common benign lesions, which are often radiologically occult. When they are detected by imaging, they are most often found by mammography. Radial scars are usually impalpable and have traditionally been localized for core biopsy and hookwire placement preoperatively by mammographic guidance. Stereotactic biopsy and localization is often difficult. Ultrasound‐guided core biopsies and hookwire placement have the potential to provide a more accurate needle placement. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of radial scars detectable by ultrasound and the feasibility of carrying out core biopsies and hookwire localization ultrasonographically. A retrospective review of the records of 7236 women was undertaken to determine those who had a histological diagnosis of radial scar. A total of 44 radial scars in 43 women were found, of which 40 had images that were available for analysis. Sixty‐eight per cent of radial scars are visible on ultrasound, most commonly seen as hypoechoic areas/masses. Parenchymal distortion without a hypoechoic mass was seen in 22%. In 8%, the lesion was appreciably better visualized by ultrasound when compared with mammography. In one case, the lesion was detected on ultrasound and not detected by mammography. At least two‐thirds of mammographically detected radial scars can be visualized on ultrasound. These should be submitted to preoperative core biopsy and hookwire localization under ultrasound control.     

全数字化俯卧式X 线立体钢丝定位术在乳腺微钙化病灶中的应用价值*

目的:探讨X 线立体定位钢丝引导切取活检术（SWLB）对乳腺微钙化病灶的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2007年5 月至2008年5 月南方医科大学附属深圳妇幼保健院45例行SWLB 活检的乳腺隐匿性病变,所有病例均为临床触诊阴性而乳腺X 线摄影发现微钙化病灶,将活检标本病理结果与X 线表现进行对照。结果:45例SWLB 活检组织标本病理结果中恶性病变13例（28.9%）,其中包括导管原位癌3 例（23.1%）,导管原位癌伴微浸润4例（30.8%）,浸润性导管癌5 例（38.5%）,导管内乳头状癌1 例（7.7%）;良性病变32例（71.1%）,其中包括导管上皮重度非典型增生2 例（6.3%）。 结论:SWLB 可准确引导切检临床阴性的乳腺微钙化病灶,明确乳腺微钙化的性质,提高早期乳腺癌的检出率。      

不可触及的乳腺病灶行钼靶下导丝定位活检的临床应用

目的:探讨应用乳腺钼靶下导丝定位穿刺活检技术对不可触及的乳腺病变(NPBL)定性诊断上的价值。方法:本组24例不可触及,而钼靶上显示的乳腺微小病变,通过钼靶立体定位穿刺,放入导引钢丝定位后引导手术切除,进行组织病理学检查。结果:24例乳腺病变,乳腺癌5例,其中Tis期3例,T1期2例;小叶增生12例,纤维腺瘤3例,导管内乳头状瘤1例,慢性炎症3例。结论:钼靶引导下导丝定位穿刺活检对不可触及的乳腺病变的定位定性诊断以及对早期乳腺癌的诊断有重要价值。     

Mammographically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of nonpalpable breast lesions. Can it replace open biopsy?

The authors report the accuracy of mammographically guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) for the diagnosis of nonpalpable breast lesions in a series of 71 patients. Each mammographically guided FNA was immediately followed by hookwire localization and open biopsy. Seven malignancies were identified cytologically, but three cancers were not detected in aspirates judged to be sufficient for diagnosis. In addition, 19 aspirates were reported to be insufficient, and 4 of these were obtained from lesions histologically proven to be adenocarcinoma. Although no false-positive diagnoses were encountered, the technique demonstrated a sensitivity of 78% and a diagnostic accuracy of 94% for adequate specimens. In this study, mammographically guided FNA was insufficiently sensitive to replace open biopsy for the diagnosis of nonpalpable breast lesions.     

Present state of and problems with core needle biopsy for non-palpable breast lesions

The widespread use of screening mammography has resulted in increased detection of nonpalpable breast lesions here in Japan. For the histopathologic work-up of these lesions, stereotactic core biopsy is essential as a minimally invasive diagnostic procedure. However, the number of facilities that provide this procedure cannot keep up with the increasing demand from patients.Another issue is interpreting the results of the biopsy. With a histological diagnosis using needle samples, there is always a risk of underestimation or a false-negative result. To avoid missing cancers after stereotactic biopsy, it is important to check for sampling errors and for discrepancies between the radiologic and pathologic findings.We are pushing for the rapid spread of an ideal form of stereotactic breast core biopsy (using prone-type units, digital methods, and vacuum-assisted breast biopsy devices) throughout Japan so that every patient can undergo this examination.     

临床触诊阴性的乳腺内微小病灶的外科活检

目的探讨应用乳腺摄片结合定位系统，对临床触诊阴性的乳腺内微小病变进行穿刺定位乳腺活检术的价值。方法回顾性分析总结82例临床触诊阴性、乳腺摄片发现乳腺的微小病变患者，实行穿刺定位引导下行外科切除活检术。结果82例患者均一次性手术切除病灶，金属定位线完整取出，无1例并发症，术后诊断乳腺癌22例（26．50％），余60例为良性病变。结论金属线定位行外科活检，是临床触诊阴性乳腺内微小病变定性诊断的有效方法，安全可靠。术前准确定位，病灶完全切除，术中冷冻准确是其成功关键。     

Reducing the cost of diagnosis of breast carcinoma: impact of ultrasound and imaging-guided biopsies on a clinical breast practice

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine whether the use of ultrasound and percutaneous breast biopsies in patients with screen-detected nonpalpable abnormalities can reduce benign open surgical biopsies of the breast without increasing cost or sacrificing detection of potentially curable breast carcinomas. METHOD: Using a computerized mammography database and consecutive logs of needle localization procedures and fine- and large core needle biopsies of a single university-based breast imaging practice, the authors determined the breast carcinoma yield and cost of diagnosis over a 14-year period and the changes that occurred over time with the sequential introduction of ultrasound, ultrasound-guided biopsies, and stereotactic biopsies. RESULTS: The overall breast carcinoma yield for needle localization biopsies of nonpalpable lesions increased from 21% in 1984 to 68% in 1998 (P < 0.0001). The yield for nonpalpable masses increased from 21% to 87% (P < 0.0001) over the same period. The selective use of ultrasound alone and percutaneous fine- and large core needle biopsy resulted in a substantial reduction in benign open surgical biopsies. A cost analysis showed a 50% reduction in the average expense of discovering breast carcinoma. The breast carcinomas detected after introduction of these methods were prognostically favorable with 88% measuring 1.5 cm or less in size and 66% measuring less than 1 cm. CONCLUSIONS: Selective use of ultrasound and imaging-guided percutaneous biopsies can significantly reduce the number of benign open surgical biopsies generated by mammographic screening. This can result in substantial cost savings without decreasing the sensitivity for detecting small potentially curable lesions.     

Ultrasound demonstration of mammographically detected microcalcifications in patients with ductal carcinoma<Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> of the breast

BACKGROUND: Breast microcalcifications are difficult to depict by ultrasound (US). However, recent advances in US equipment and the refinement of breast imaging techniques have improved the detection and characterization of small breast lesions. The present study attempts to determine whether US examination is able to demonstrate nonpalpable breast lesions associated with mammographically detected microcalcifications without mass density or distortion, and to evaluate the clinical reliability of US-guided procedures, especially in cases of ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS)of the breast. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 73 patients with breast cancer diagnosed preoperatively as DCIS by stereotactic core needle biopsies, all of whom had microcalcifications without other abnormalities on mammography. The radiological appearance and size of the clustered microcalcifications were evaluated. US examinations were performed preoperatively, and the detection rates were assessed. Sonographically detected lesions underwent US-guided wire localization followed by surgical excision. RESULTS: The lesions associated with microcalcifications were identified sonographically in 54 of 73 cases (74%), and the pathological examination revealed breast cancer in all of the corresponding specimens. Lesions with linear-branching shape, segmental-linear distribution and category-5 calcifications on mammography had a high level of visibility on US. The US visible cases had a larger size of calcified area on mammography when compared with US invisible cases. Pathologically, the lesions were more frequently seen on US in cases with minimally invasive cancer or with comedo type DCIS. CONCLUSIONS: US examination is an effective method for identifying and localizing breast microcalcifications, and can be used as an alternative to stereotactic localization in selected patients with early breast cancer.     

Diagnostic performance of stereotactic large core needle biopsy for nonpalpable breast lesions in routine clinical practice

The COBRA (COre Biopsy after RAdiological localization) study showed that in a controlled study setting, stereotactic large core needle biopsy (LCNB) is as reliable for diagnosing nonpalpable breast lesions as open surgical biopsy. In the present study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of stereotactic LCNB in routine clinical practice. Between February 2000 and June 2002, data on all patients (n = 955) with nonpalpable breast lesions referred for LCNB were collected. High risk underestimate rate, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) underestimate rate and sensitivity rate after 2 years were calculated. The usefulness of the COBRA guidelines in clinical practice was determined. Nine hundred five successful biopsies were performed in 874 patients. Of the high-risk lesions, 27% were found to be carcinomas on open biopsy, which is comparable to the results of the COBRA study (23%). The DCIS underestimate rate (28%) was higher than found in the COBRA study (17%). No carcinomas were missed after a follow-up period of 2 years. Ninety-six percent of patients were treated according to the COBRA guidelines. The diagnostic performance of stereotactic LCNB in patients with nonpalpable breast lesions seems to be comparable in a controlled study setting and routine clinical practice.