保留主动脉瓣主动脉根部置换术治疗主动脉根部瘤的疗效分析

目的评价使用保留主动脉瓣主动脉根部置换术治疗主动脉根部瘤的临床应用疗效。方法 2001年2月至2010年9月阜外心血管病医院对60例主动脉根部瘤患者行保留主动脉瓣主动脉根部置换术,其中男44例,女16例;年龄9～64(37.2±13.0)岁。主动脉夹层15例,升主动脉瘤10例,马方综合征25例,主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形2例。行主动脉根部重建术53例,主动脉瓣瓣叶再植术7例。比较术前、术后心功能及主动脉瓣反流程度等指标。结果全组中无手术死亡和严重并发症发生,呼吸机使用时间中位数为13(2～1 110)h,住ICU时间1～18(2.7±2.5)d。术后复查超声心动图提示:主动脉瓣反流程度均明显减轻,仅3例为中大量反流,其余无反流或微少量反流。术后随访2～122(61.5±35.9)个月,随访56例,失访4例,随访期间死亡9例,生存率83.9%(47/56)。2例因主动脉瓣反流分别于术后13个月和14个月再次入院行主动脉瓣置换术。47例患者心功能较术前明显改善,心功能Ⅰ级35例(74.4%),Ⅱ级8例(17.0%)。免于主动脉瓣中重度反流40例(85.1%)。结论保留瓣叶的主动脉根部置换术治疗主动脉根部瘤的远期疗效满意,瓣膜相关并发症发生率低。     

主动脉瓣置换术后室间隔厚度对主动脉瓣跨瓣压差的影响

目的 探讨主动脉瓣置换术后室间隔厚度对主动脉瓣跨瓣压差的影响.方法 2005年1月至2010年12月,接受主动脉瓣置换术患者273例,全部为单纯主动脉瓣狭窄.根据手术时使用的主动脉瓣不同品牌,将患者分为3组:Regent组、On-x组、其他品牌组.定义术后跨瓣压差大小为:轻度(0～30 mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)、中度(30 ～60 mm Hg)及重度(大于60 mm Hg).分别比较术前、术后测量的左心室收缩期末径、左心室舒张期末径、左心室射血分数(EF值)和室间隔厚度.结果 3组患者术前的左心室收缩期末径、左心室舒张期末径及EF值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).Regent组患者,术后跨瓣压差为重度的患者术前室间隔厚度明显多于轻、中度(P＜0.05).使用On-x组患者,术后跨瓣压差为重度与中度的患者术前室间隔厚度者明显多于轻度组(P＜0.05).其他品牌组患者,术后跨瓣压差为重度的患者术前室间隔厚度明显多于中、轻度组(P＜0.05).结论 行主动脉瓣置换术后,术前室间隔厚度大于13.6 mm的患者其主动脉瓣跨瓣压差较厚度小于13.6 mm的患者显著增高.室间隔厚度大于15.3 mm的患者,应同期行室间隔部分切除或替换无支架瓣膜以减少主动脉瓣替换后的跨瓣压差.     

升主动脉置换术或成形术治疗主动脉瓣病变合并的升主动脉瘤样扩张

目的 对比分析主动脉瓣病变合并升主动脉瘤扩张在行主动脉瓣置换术(AVR)的同时施行升主动脉置换术(A组)或成形术(B组)的结果,探讨两种方法的临床效果及适应证.方法 A、B两组术前年龄、性别、心功能分级、主动脉瓣病变、左室射血分数等差异均无统计学意义.A组主动脉直径(49.45±3.96)mm,B组(49.31±3.68)mm,差异亦无统计学意义.行AVR后A组常规置换升主动脉,B组纵行切除部分升主动脉壁,缝合后包裹28～30 mm人工血管.结果 A、B两组术后均无死亡.A组主动脉阻断(71.70±17.13)min、体外循环(110.52±27.51)min,均明显大于B组的(57.13±16.32)min(P=0.025)和(97.31±19.46)min(P=0.004).两组术中及术后输血量、并发症发生率差异无统计学意义.结论 主动脉瓣病变合并升主动脉瘤样扩张,年轻病人主动脉直径≥40 mm时应积极手术处理扩张的升主动脉.升主动脉成形术,同时外包裹人工血管的方法较升主动脉置换术更为简单、安全,但升主动脉壁必须无粥样硬化或溃疡.     

小主动脉瓣环患者生物瓣与机械瓣置换术后心功能变化的比较

目的分析比较小主动脉瓣环(直径≤21mm)患者人工生物瓣置换与人工机械瓣置换术后心功能的变化,探讨人工生物瓣置换术后是否存在植入瓣膜与患者不匹配(PPM)现象。方法40例主动脉瓣环直径≤21mm的患者,其中20例置换人工生物瓣(生物瓣组),20例置换人工机械瓣(机械瓣组)。采用彩色多普勒超声心动图于术前和术后6个月～1年期间,检测两组患者的左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室短轴缩短率(LVFS)、左心室重量指数、瓣膜有效开口面积/体表面积的比值(EOAI)和主动脉瓣跨瓣压差的变化,并进行对比分析。结果术后6个月～1年,两组患者LVEF、LVFS和EOAI均较术前明显升高,左心室重量指数和主动脉瓣跨瓣压差均较术前明显减小或降低。所有患者术后EOAI为0.88～1.32cm2/m2,术后6个月～1年生物瓣组与机械瓣组比较:LVEF79%±8%vs.81%±10%;LVFS43%±9%vs.37%±8%;EOAI1.11±0.14vs.0.92±0.11;左心室重量指数89.10±16.70g/m2vs.95.30±15.10g/m2;主动脉瓣跨瓣压差18.80±12.60mmHgvs.22.30±12.00mmHg,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论小主动脉瓣环患者(直径≤21mm)置换人工生物瓣术后左心功能指标明显改善,无PPM现象。     

Hancock Ⅱ Ultra生物瓣行主动脉置换术后早期患者的血流动力学评价

目的 Hancock Ⅱ Ultra有支架生物瓣膜在主动脉瓣置换手术后早期血流动力学变化.方法 行单一主动脉瓣置换手术患者60例,随机分为两组,每组30例,分别使用Hancock Ⅱ Ultra生物瓣膜和Hancock Ⅱ生物瓣膜,术中测量实际瓣环直径,术后30天内及3个月分别行超声心动测量跨瓣血流峰速、跨瓣压差、有效瓣口面积指数及左室重量指数.结果 Hancock Ⅱ Ultra生物瓣组患者术后3个月左心室重量指数、跨瓣血流峰速及跨瓣压差均有显著改善.实测瓣环直径为23～ 25 mm和≥26 mm的患者,术后3个月跨瓣血流峰速、有效瓣环面积指数、左室流出道直径均无显著性差异;而实测瓣环直径≤23 mm的患者,血流峰速[(2.26±0.05) m/s对(2.57±0.06) m/s,t =2.07,P＜O.05]、平均压差[ (11.40±1.30) mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa)对(13.10 ±1.50) mmHg,t=2.09,P＜0.05]、有效瓣环面积指数[(0.79±0.13) cm2/m2对(0.71±0.02) cm2/m2,t=2.06,P＜0.05]、左心室重量指数[(119.10±11.10)g对(133.20±16.40)g,t=2.67,P＜0.05]、左心室流出道直径[(20.40±0.30) mm对(18.90±0.20) mm,t=2.23,P＜0.05],Hancock Ⅱ Ultra瓣组指标均优于Hancock Ⅱ组.结论 Hancock Ⅱ Ultra有支架生物瓣膜行主动脉置换,术后早期患者血流动力学结果满意,尤其适用于主动脉根部狭小患者,长期效果有待进一步随访.     

49例儿童先天性主动脉瓣狭窄的外科治疗

目的 回顾性总结先天性主动脉瓣狭窄患儿手术治疗的效果及经验.方法 2006年2月至2011年11月,共收治49例先天性主动脉瓣狭窄患儿,男29例,女20例;年龄1个月～ 14岁;体质量3.2 ～47.0 kg.轻度狭窄2例,中度狭窄21例,重度狭窄26例.术前跨瓣压差45～123 mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa),平均(74.9±20.4)mm Hg.单纯主动脉瓣狭窄14例,伴有中—重度反流4例.伴其他心内畸形33例,包括室间隔缺损、房间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭、主动脉缩窄、左心室流出道狭窄、二尖瓣瓣上环等.行主动脉瓣交界切开术31例,主动脉瓣成形术9例,主动脉瓣置换术2例,Ross手术1例,Ross-Konno手术2例,Konno+主动脉瓣置换术4例.术后随访2～55个月,平均20个月.评估患儿心功能、主动脉瓣跨瓣压差及瓣膜反流程度.结果 死亡1例,生存患儿术后心功能良好,左心室射血分数0.69±0.10,短轴缩短分数0.38±0.09.术后跨瓣压差20 ～ 73 mm Hg,平均(38.6±15.8)mm Hg,较术前降低(36.2±18.3)mm Hg(P ＜0.001).40例患儿行主动脉瓣交界切开和成形,术后主动脉瓣反流程度为无或轻微8例,轻度25例,中度7例.1例主动脉瓣交界切开术后因切开处复粘连再次行交界切开术.结论 先天性主动脉瓣狭窄的患儿如无明显反流,可行主动脉瓣交界切开术或同时行主动脉瓣成形术,如果反流中度以上,则需根据患儿年龄等情况选择合适的手术方法.     

升主动脉成形术中期效果分析

目的 分析升主动脉成形术治疗主动脉瓣病变伴升主动脉扩张病人的中期随访结果并总结其临床经验.方法 1996年10月至2007年4月对54例主动脉瓣病变伴升主动脉扩张的病人行主动脉瓣膜置换和升主动脉成形术,术后随访13～96个月,平均(23±16)个月.分别于术前、出院前及术后随访中,通过心脏超声检查测量升主动脉直径.结果 围术期死亡2例.术前升主动脉直径(45.77±6.02)mm与出院前升主动脉直径(34.67±4.81)mm二者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).术后随访升主动脉直径(37.65±6.35)砌与术前及术后出院前比较差异亦均有统计学意义(P<0.01).单纯主动脉瓣狭窄的基础病变和术后出院前升主动脉直径大于40mm是升主动脉再扩张的独立风险因素.结论 升主动脉成形术中未用人工血管包裹治疗主动脉瓣病变伴升主动脉扩张或者升主动脉瘤的中期疗效欠佳.单纯主动脉瓣狭窄是这种术式的适应证,成形术必须将主动脉直径减至40mm以下,以减少远期再扩张.     

二尖瓣置换术后患者远期超声心动图特征及其临床意义

目的 了解二尖瓣置换术后患者远期超声心动图特征,并分析其临床意义. 方法 回顾性分析四川大学华西医院204例行机械瓣二尖瓣置换术、且在本院超声心动图室完成了术后≥5年超声心动图检查患者的临床资料,其中男44例,女160例;年龄23～73(50.9±10.6)岁.所有患者术后于门诊定期随访,行常规超声心动图检查,检测指标包括左心房内径(LA)、左心室内径(Lv)、右心房内径(RA)、右心室内径(RV)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)及二尖瓣有效瓣口面积(EOA). 结果 术后随访204例,随访时间5～15 (7.9±2.3)年.术后远期超声心动图检测LA、LV均较术前缩小(P＜0.05),RA、RV与术前比较变化不明显(P＞0.05),LVEF较术前明显增加(P＜0.05).术后远期EOA 1.1～4.8 (2.3±0.5) cm2,其中EOA 1.1～1.4 cm2 7例(3.4％,7/204),1.6～1.9 cm2 42例(20.6％,42/204).术后远期随访中有7例患者需接受再次手术,其中机械瓣膜瓣叶活动障碍2例,机械瓣膜瓣周漏致严重溶血性贫血1例,三尖瓣重度反流经药物治疗效果欠佳3例,主动脉瓣中度狭窄和反流1例.术后远期有2例左心房血栓形成,目前仍在治疗及随访中,其中1例于术后7年因心内膜炎死亡. 结论 行二尖瓣置换术时应积极地同期处理合并的三尖瓣和主动脉瓣病变,加强术后随访;此外较多患者需要长期给予心血管药物治疗,以改善及维持适当的心功能,有利于提高患者的远期生存率.     

经股动脉经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)治疗单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全的临床疗效分析及术前评估北大核心CSCD

目的探讨经股动脉经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)治疗主动脉瓣单纯关闭不全的临床疗效和术前评估要点。方法回顾性分析阜外医院2019年5月至2020年10月行经股动脉TAVR 129例患者的临床资料,其中男83例、女46例,平均年龄(72.26±8.97)岁。根据疾病情况分为单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全组(17例)和主动脉瓣狭窄组(112例)。分析主动脉根部形态学特点、手术有效性及安全性。结果单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全组与主动脉瓣狭窄组比较,3MENSIO测量的瓣环[(25.75±2.21)mm vs.(24.70±2.90)mm,P=0.068]及流出道直径[(25.82±3.75)mm vs.(25.37±3.92)mm,P=0.514]差异无统计学意义。单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全组与主动脉瓣狭窄组相比,瓣中瓣发生率较高(47.0%vs.16.1%,P<0.01)。中转外科手术、术中使用体外循环辅助、术中左室破裂、术后使用体外膜肺氧合辅助、术后外周血管并发症、术后致残性脑卒中、死亡、术后起搏器植入两组差异无统计学意义。结论单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全患者行经股动脉TAVR可行。术前应重点评估瓣环平面直径、流出道直径以及流出道的形态。     

Remodeling+Ring(改良Yacoub)技术治疗二叶式主动脉瓣反流合并升主动脉瘤一例

二叶式主动脉瓣患者常合并主动脉扩张,若主动脉瓣质量良好,可行保留主动脉瓣的主动脉根部置换术.本文报道了1例35岁二叶式主动脉瓣反流合并升主动脉瘤男性患者行Remodeling+Ring(改良Yacoub)手术.患者术后第3d复查心脏彩色超声提示主动脉瓣无反流,术后第6d顺利出院.Remodeling+Ring手术保证了...     

Aortic insufficiency secondary to aortic root aneurysm or dissection.

Twenty-four patients with aortic regurgitation secondary to aortic root aneurysm (13 patients) or dissection (11 patients) were operated on, utilizing a variety of surgical procedures to cope with the varied pathological findings. These ranged from primary repair of the ascending aorta without any prostheses in patients with acute aortic dissection to replacement of the valve and the entire ascending aorta for aortic root aneurysm. In four patients with Marfan syndrome the right coronary artery was transplanted to the ascending aortic graft, allowing an extension of the graft to the valve anulus and excision of the entire aneurysmal aorta. The immediate and late results have been most encouraging.     

Surgical treatment of acute ascending dissection--a simplified operative method

Primary anastomosis for acute ascending aortic dissection was performed in 8 patients. Primary anastomosis included resection of the intimal tear where applicable, a circumferential suture line in the ascending aorta at the site of the tear, and wrapping of the anastomosis of the ascending aorta with Dacron vascular prosthesis. The aortic valve was resuspended in 1 of 6 patients associated with aortic regurgitation. In 4 patients, aortic regurgitation disappeared postoperatively. Two patients show minor non-progressive valve regurgitation. Two of 8 patients died early postoperatively. There was no late death and dilatation of the aortic root in the follow-up period of mean 27 months. On the basis of these results, we believe that primary anastomosis is a simpler and safer operative method for acute dissection of the ascending aorta.     

Results of aortic valve-sparing operations.

OBJECTIVE: To review the late results of valve-sparing operations in patients with aortic root aneurysm and in those with ascending aortic aneurysm and aortic insufficiency. METHODS: From May 1988 to June 2000, 120 patients with aortic root aneurysm and 68 with ascending aortic aneurysm and aortic insufficiency underwent aortic valve-sparing operations. Patients with aortic root aneurysm were younger, were predominantly male, and had less severe aortic insufficiency than patients with ascending aortic aneurysm, who were older and often had aneurysm of the transverse arch. Forty-eight patients with aortic root aneurysm had the Marfan syndrome. The prevalence of aortic dissection was similar in both groups. Reconstruction of the aortic root was performed by reimplanation of the aortic valve in 64 patients and by remodeling of the aortic root in 56. Patients with ascending aortic aneurysm and aortic insufficiency were treated by replacement of the ascending aorta with reduction in the diameter of the sinotubular junction. Approximately two thirds of the latter patients also required replacement of the transverse aortic arch. The mean follow-up was 35 +/- 31 months for patients with aortic root aneurysm and 26 +/- 23 months for those with ascending aortic aneurysm. RESULTS: There were 2 operative and 5 late deaths in patients with aortic root aneurysm and 1 operative and 9 late deaths in patients with ascending aortic aneurysm. The 5-year survival for patients with aortic root aneurysm was 88% +/- 4% and for patients with ascending aortic aneurysm, 68% +/- 12% (P =.01). Severe aortic insufficiency developed in 2 patients, and they required aortic valve reoperation. The 5-year freedom from aortic valve reoperation was 99% +/- 1% for patients with aortic root aneurysm and 97% +/- 4% for those with ascending aortic aneurysm. Seven patients had moderate aortic insufficiency at the latest echocardiographic study. The 5-year freedom from severe or moderate aortic insufficiency was 90% +/- 4% in patients who had aortic root aneurysm and 98% +/- 2% in those who had ascending aortic aneurysm. CONCLUSIONS: Aortic valve-sparing operations have provided excellent clinical outcomes and few valve-related complications. The function of the reconstructed aortic root remains unchanged in most patients during the first 5 years of follow-up.     

升主动脉成形术的早中期临床结果分析

目的分析升主动脉成形术治疗主动脉瓣病变伴升主动脉扩张患者的临床随访结果,总结其临床经验,以提高治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2002年1月至2010年8月北京阜外心血管病医院36例主动脉瓣病变伴升主动脉扩张患者行主动脉瓣置换和升主动脉成形术的临床资料,其中男26例、女10例,年龄7~72（51±16）岁。分别于术前、术后出院前及随访中通过心脏超声心动图检查测量升主动脉直径,并进行比较。结果无围术期死亡。体外循环时间（96.2±28.3）min,主动脉阻断时间（69.2±22.1）min,术后住院时间（11.0±7.8）d。36例患者全部进行随访,术后随访1.1~9.0（4.0±2.3）年,随访期间死亡1例,无二次手术患者。心脏超声心动图提示：主动脉瓣功能正常,术后升主动脉直径较术前减小[（36.4±6.1）mm vs.（46.8±4.6）mm,t=13.12,P=0.00];随访期间升主动脉直径与术后相比有所增加[（40.8±6.8）mm vs.（36.4±6.1）mm,t=-2.64,P=0.01],与术前相比减小[（40.8±6.8）mm vs.（46.8±4.6）mm,t=3.48,P=0.00]。结论升主动脉成形术治疗主动脉瓣病变伴升主动脉扩张患者可获得较好的早中期疗效,但远期效果需进一步随访观察。     

Effects of ascending aorta replacement on aortic root dilatation.

OBJECTIVE: Because of an increase of aortic root wall stress, prosthetic replacement of the ascending aorta might be a risk factor for the progressive increase of the aortic root dimension. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the aortic root diameter change and the progression of aortic valve regurgitation late after ascending aorta replacement for different ethiology. METHODS: Sixty-three late survivors after supracoronary ascending aortic replacement were evaluated. Forty-one patients were operated on for acute aortic dissecting aneurysm (group I) and 22 for chronic atherosclerotic non-dissecting aneurysm (group II). Aortic root diameter and aortic valve regurgitation were assessed echocardiografically after a mean follow-up of 63+/-31 months and were compared with those early after surgery. RESULTS: Seven patients of group I (17%) needed reoperation for aortic root dilatation or dissection. Twenty-five percent of the patients (15 of group I and 1 of group II) showed at least a 10% increase in aortic root diameter at follow-up (46.8+/-6.1 vs. 38.1+/-6.1mm, P<0.0001). Aortic root diameter increased almost exclusively in patients operated on for acute dissecting aneurysm. A significant worsening of aortic valve insufficiency with time was evident only in patients operated on for acute dissecting aneurysm with an higher incidence in those with progressive root dilatation. CONCLUSIONS: Both the increase of aortic root diameter and the progressive worsening of aortic valve insufficiency seem to justify a more aggressive treatment of the aortic root at the time of surgery for acute aortic dissecting aneurysm but not for chronic atherosclerotic non-dissecting aneurysms.     

One advice to the decision of graft size for ascending and total arch graft replacement (in a case of differential diameters in ascending aorta and descending aorta)

We carried out the surgery of thoracic aortic aneurysm in fifty-eight patients from June 1994 to February 1999 (including aortic dissection in twenty-six patients). The mean size of grafts were 28.1 mm in ascending graft replacement, 25.8 mm in both ascending and arch graft replacement and 23.8 mm in descending graft replacement. The grafts for ascending aortic aneurysm were significantly larger than those for descending aortic aneurysm. In two of twenty-six patients undergoing both ascending and arch graft replacement, different size of grafts were used for ascending replacement and for arch replacement with satisfactory results in terms of bleeding from the anastomotic sites. Case 1; A 45-year-female with aortitis syndrome and aortic regurgitation due to annuloaorticectasia and thoracic aortic aneurysm underwent simultaneous aortic root replacement with composite graft (25 mm St. Jude Medical valve and 28 mm Hemashield graft) and total arch replacement (30 mm Hemashield graft with two side branches). Case 2; A 64-year-female was diagnosed as chronic type II dissecting aneurysm combined with acute type I aortic dissection. Ascending aorta was replaced with a 26 mm Hemashield graft, and the aortic arch was replaced with a 24 mm Hemashield graft with three side branches.     

Aortic root replacement after operation for the ascending aorta and/or aortic valve

We reviewed ten cases who underwent aortic root replacement after operation for the ascending aorta and/or aortic valve. As initial operation, aortic valve replacement (AVR) was performed in five patients, replacement of the ascending aorta in two, original Bentall operation in two, and entry closure and suspension of the aortic valve in one. At reoperation, three patients were diagnosed as aneurysm of the ascending aorta, two were annulo-aortic ectasia, and one was acute aortic dissection, chronic dissecting aneusym, pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta, prosthetic valve endocarditis, and massive aortic regurgitation. Aortic root replacement was performed using mechanical valved composite graft in all cases. One patient who underwent repeat aortic root replacement for prosthetic valve endocarditis was died of septemia and ventricular fibrillation. Five patients had nine complications (two low output syndrome, respiratory failure and cerebral infarction, one gastrointestinal bleeding, septemia and ventricular fibrillation). In conclusion, aortic root replacement after operation for the ascending aorta and/or aortic valve was performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality.     

Aortic valve sparing operations

Aortic valve sparing operations were developed to preserve the aortic valve in patients with ascending aortic aneurysm and aortic insufficiency or patients with aortic root aneurysm. There are 2 types of aortic valve sparing operations, remodeling of the aortic root and reimplantation of the aortic valve. The author believes that remodeling of the aortic root is more appropriate for older patients with ascending aortic aneurysm, dilated aortic sinuses, and normal aortic annulus, whereas reimplantation of the aortic valve is more appropriate for young patients with aortic root aneurysm in whom dilation of the aortic annulus is commonly associated. Although remodeling of the aortic root has been extensively used in patients with aortic root aneurysm, the long-term results are somewhat inferior to reimplantation in most series. The late results of aortic valve sparing operations have been excellent, and these operations have become an important addition to the surgical armamentarium to treat patients with proximal aortic aneurysms.     

Redo operations for recurrent aneurysmal disease of the ascending aorta and transverse aortic arch

Sixty-seven operations were performed in 59 patients for aneurysmal disease occurring after previous operations involving the ascending aorta and transverse aortic arch. The initial aortic pathological condition included the following: fusiform aneurysm due to medial degenerative disease in 34 patients, 12 of whom had Marfan's syndrome; aortic dissection in a previously undilated aorta in 23; and aneurysm persisting or occurring after brachiocephalic bypass in 2. One of the latter had an aneurysm because of aortitis. Various operations initially performed did not completely treat the disease, and certain complications occurred spontaneously, including infection and dissection. The residual pathological condition led to the development of aortic insufficiency, aortic dissection, coronary artery insufficiency, and progressive aneurysmal dilatation. These complications were treated by composite valve graft replacement of the aortic valve and ascending aorta or the transverse aortic arch or both, simple aortic valve replacement, graft replacement of the ascending aorta or arch or both, and suture of false aneurysm with viable tissue wrap. Twenty patients (34%) had an aneurysm of the distal aorta. The entire aorta was replaced in 3, thoracoabdominal segments in 9, and the abdominal aorta in 1. Of the 59 patients, 49 (83%) were early survivors and 40 (68%) were alive on January 1, 1985. Principles of therapy that may have prevented the complications leading to reoperation include aneurysm replacement at the time of aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass; total replacement of the ascending aorta and aortic valve in patients with Marfan's syndrome; the same procedure or aortic valve replacement and separate graft replacement in patients with non-Marfan's medial degenerative disease; ascending aortic replacement in all patients with dissection combined with valve resuspension, aortic valve replacement, or composite valve graft depending on the involvement of the aortic sinuses and the presence of aortic insufficiency.     

A successful repair of intraoperative retrograde type A aortic dissection in a patient with aortic regurgitation and ascending aortic aneurysm

The patient was a 67-year-old male with aortic regurgitation and ascending aortic aneurysm. We noticed the type A retrograde aortic dissection occurring from the cannulation site through the right femoral artery. We discontinued cardio-pulmonary bypass immediately, and established selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) eleven minutes after retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP). We underwent simultaneous aortic valve replacement and ascending and arch graft replacement with an aid of SCP combined with RCP and systemic low flow perfusion. Postoperative course was satisfactory, although patient had a transient neurologic deficit. Intraoperative aortic dissection is a rare but potentially fatal complication. RCP may be a simple and useful method in emergency operation for intraoperative retrograde type A aortic dissection to avoid serious cerebral damage.