胰头占位性病变的诊断与治疗

目的 总结胰头占位性病变的诊断与治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2014年4月中国医科大学附属第一医院收治的247例胰头占位性病变患者的临床资料.术前均行胰腺增强CT和(或)胰腺MRI等影像学检查.血清学检查包括AFP、CA19-9、CA125、CEA,对于怀疑自身免疫性胰腺炎的患者检查血清IgG4.临床诊断为胰头癌、胰头肿块、肿块型胰腺炎的患者行术中病理学检查.胰头癌根据肿瘤的分期及浸润程度选择胰十二指肠切除术、扩大的胰十二指肠切除术或胆肠吻合和(或)胃肠吻合术.肿块型慢性胰腺炎在患者及家属充分了解并同意的前提下选择行保留十二指肠的胰头切除术或胰十二指肠切除术.胰腺良性及低度恶性肿瘤应在肿瘤完整切除的基础上尽量保留肿瘤周围的组织和器官,行个体化治疗.结果 胰头实性占位性病变194例,其中胰头癌125例、胰头肿块45例、肿块型慢性胰腺炎9例、自身免疫性胰腺炎11例,胰岛素瘤4例;胰头囊性占位性病变53例,其中黏液性囊腺瘤12例、浆液性囊腺瘤8例、胰腺囊肿17例、实性假乳头状瘤12例、导管内乳头状黏液瘤4例.病理学检查确诊胰腺癌的71例患者术前肿瘤系列检查阳性率分别为:AFP为7.0％ (5/71)、CA19-9为94.4％ (67/71)、CA125为42.3％(30/71)、CEA为0.12例肿块型慢性胰腺炎肿瘤系列检查阳性率分别为:AFP为1/12、CA19-9为4/12、CA125为1/12、CEA为0.119例患者进行手术治疗获得病理学诊断,其中胰头癌71例、肿块型慢性胰腺炎7例、胰岛素瘤4例、胰腺结核1例,黏液性囊腺瘤8例、浆液性囊腺瘤4例、胰腺假性囊肿6例、巨大淋巴管瘤1例、淋巴上皮囊肿1例、实性假乳头状瘤12例、导管内乳头状黏液瘤4例.247例胰头占位性病变患者中,61例行胰十二指肠切除术,4例行保留十二指肠的胰头切除术,4例行胰头、胰颈部切除术,2例行钩突部分切除术,9例行肿瘤摘除术,38例行胆肠吻合和(或)胃肠吻合术,22例行ERCP+内支架治疗,18例行PTCD+内支架治疗,1例行剖腹探查,88例未行治疗.结论 胰头占位性病变的临床诊断及鉴别诊断主要依靠病史、临床表现、实验室检查及超声、CT、MRI检查.根据肿瘤性质、疾病种类个体化制订手术方案,对胰头良性及低度恶性的肿瘤应行个体化治疗,在肿瘤完整切除的基础上尽量保留肿瘤周围的组织和器官,术中病理学诊断有利于手术方案的选择.     

胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊治研究

目的 初步探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊治策略.方法 回顾性分析我院近十年来收治的21例胰腺囊性肿瘤的病例资料.结果 21例胰腺囊性肿瘤患者中胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤11例,黏液性囊腺瘤6例,胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤2例,胰腺实性假乳头状瘤2例;其中仅7例患者伴有相应的症状和体征,其他均为健康体检时所发现.所有患者均经手术治疗,其中8例行胰十二指肠切除术、5例行胰体尾切除术、1例行腹腔镜下胰尾切除术、2例行胰腺肿瘤摘除术、4例行胰腺节段切除术;1例囊腺癌患者仅可行姑息手术,其余20例患者随访11～96个月,均未出现肿瘤复发或转移.结论 任何影像学检查都不能准确判断胰腺囊性肿瘤的具体病理类型;及时手术探查是防止肿瘤癌变的重要手段,除了已经获得明确诊断、肿瘤较小且无明显症状的浆液性囊腺瘤之外,都应该积极手术治疗.     

微创手术在胰腺囊性肿瘤治疗中的应用(附236例报告)

目的:探讨微创手术在胰腺囊性肿瘤治疗中的可行性及安全性,并总结其适应证及优势。方法:回顾性分析我院自2005年9月至2015年7月期间接受微创手术236例胰腺囊性肿瘤病人的病例资料。根据手术方式分为机器人组(n=198)和腹腔镜组(n=38)。结果:机器人组包括:黏液性囊性肿瘤28例,导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤46例,浆液性囊性肿瘤88例,实性假乳头状肿瘤36例,手术方式为胰十二指肠切除术61例,保留十二指肠的胰头切除术10例,胰体尾切除术85例,肿瘤剜除术12例,胰中段切除术30例。腹腔镜组包括:黏液性囊性肿瘤13例,导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤3例,浆液性囊性肿瘤16例,实性假乳头状肿瘤6例,手术方式为胰十二指肠切除术2例,胰体尾切除术36例。3例中转开腹(1例机器人胰十二指肠切除手术,2例腹腔镜胰体尾切除手术),3例因术中操作困难行手助式腹腔镜手术,其余病人手术均在全腔镜下完成。术后并发腹腔出血3例,内疝1例,胰漏80例(A级33例,B级38例,C级9例),经处理后无围手术期死亡。随访至今,无复发和并发症发生。结论:微创手术治疗胰腺囊性肿瘤安全、可行,术后创伤小、恢复快。机器人手术在胰腺囊性肿瘤治疗中有一定优势,在手术方式上提供了更多的选择。     

胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊治分析

目的 探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的合理手术方式及术后并发症的处理.方法 对1997年1月至2009年12月收治的32例胰腺囊性肿瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,男性6例,女性26例,年龄24～76岁.胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤16例;胰腺黏液性囊腺瘤9例,其中1例为黏液性囊腺癌;胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤4例;胰腺实性假乳头状瘤3例.肿瘤位于胰头颈部12例,位于胰体尾部20例.结果 所有患者均经手术治疗,无围手术期死亡;10例行胰十二指肠切除术、1例行保留十二指肠胰头切除术、13例行胰体尾切除术(其中2例行腹腔镜下胰体尾切除术)、3例行胰腺肿瘤摘除术、4例行胰腺中段切除术;1例囊腺癌患者仅行姑息手术.术后发生胃瘫3例、胰瘘5例,均经保守治疗痊愈.全组29例患者获得随访,随访时间4个月～10年,3例患者于术后4～34个月分别死于癌转移或其他疾病,其余26例患者均存活,且未发现肿瘤复发或转移.结论 胰腺囊性肿瘤术前应首选无创的CT检查,及时手术探查是防止肿瘤癌变的重要手段;具体的手术方式选择应按个体化原则,并应遵循损伤控制性手术原则;保留器官的手术方式更要重视术后胃瘫、胰瘘等并发症的处理.     

保留脾脏胰腺体尾切除术的临床应用研究

目的 探讨保留脾脏胰腺远端切除术的手术适应证及临床意义.方法 回顾性分析75例因胰腺体尾部占位病变而施行保留脾脏胰腺远端切除术病人的临床诊疗资料.结果 本组75例均成功行保留脾脏胰腺体尾切除术,其中浆液性囊腺瘤18例、黏液性囊腺瘤15例,胰腺实性假乳头状瘤11例,慢性胰腺炎9例,导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤8例(其中2例有恶...     

保留器官的胰腺切除术治疗胰腺良性或低度恶性肿瘤：单中心66例报告

目的:探讨保留器官的胰腺切除术治疗胰腺良性或低度恶性肿瘤的临床价值。方法:回顾性分析南昌大学第一附属医院普通外科2009年1月—2016年12月间66例胰腺良性或低度恶性肿瘤施行保留器官的胰腺切除术患者的临床资料。其中胰岛素瘤34例,实性假乳头状瘤16例,浆液性囊腺瘤9例,导管内乳头状黏液瘤4例,无功能性神经内分泌肿瘤、副神经节瘤和黏液性囊腺瘤各1例;肿瘤局部切除术34例,中段胰腺切除术10例,保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术13例,保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术6例,保留十二指肠的胰头切除术3例。结果:平均手术时间为(163.6±77.4)min,平均术中出血量为(234.4±242.7)mL,平均术后住院时间为(11.3±8.1)d。总体腹部并发症、残胰生化漏、B/C级胰瘘、腹腔内感染、胃排空延迟和腹腔内出血发生率分别为36.4%、15.2%、10.6%、6.1%、3.0%和1.5%。无再手术和手术相关死亡。术后平均随访(47.2±25.6)个月,新发糖尿病和需胰酶替代治疗发生率分别为3.1%(排除34例胰岛素瘤患者)和1.5%,无肿瘤复发和转移。结论:保留器官的胰腺切除术能最大程度保留胰腺实质和周围脏器,避免胰腺的内外分泌或脾脏功能的过度丧失,可作为胰腺良性或低度恶性肿瘤的首选术式。     

保留脾血管的腹腔镜胰体尾切除术

目的:探讨保留脾脏血管腹腔镜胰体尾切除术的可行性与安全性。方法:回顾分析2011年3月至2014年7月为38例患者行保留脾血管腹腔镜胰体尾部肿瘤手术的临床资料。结果:手术时间116~295 min,平均(170.5±50.2)min;术中失血量15~565 ml,平均(112.3±33.6)ml;均未输血。病理检查结果示胰腺导管腺癌11例,浆液性囊腺瘤6例,黏液性囊腺瘤9例,黏液性囊腺瘤局部癌变2例,胰岛素瘤4例,实性假乳头状肿瘤6例。术后3例发生胰漏,经保守治疗好转。余者术后均恢复顺利,无并发症发生,术后平均住院(7.36±2.13)d。结论:腹腔镜保留脾脏血管胰体尾切除术是有效治疗远端胰腺肿瘤的新术式,具有微创优势,安全、可行。     

胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊治98例报告

目的探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的常见类型、诊断及合理手术方式的选择。方法对2000年1月至2008年12月期间收治98例胰腺囊性肿瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本病无特征性的临床表现,B超、CT和Mill等影像学检查也能发现胰腺囊肿病灶但不能确定具体类型。本组胰腺囊腺瘤57例（浆液性囊腺瘤32例,黏液性囊腺瘤25例）,黏液性囊腺癌13例,实性假乳头状瘤19例,导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤9例。所有患者均手术治疗,胰十二指肠切除26例,保留十二指肠胰头切除28例,胰腺节段切除术7例,胰体尾切除加脾脏切除25例,肿瘤摘除术12例。术后均进行随访,3例胰腺囊腺癌患者于术后6个月到4年期间死于癌转移或其他疾病,1例囊腺癌患者术后9个月肿瘤复发,再次手术后现仍生存,其他均存活。结论B超,CT和MRI等影像学技术是胰腺囊性肿瘤的主要诊断方法。手术切除为治疗该肿瘤的最有效手段。正确的诊断和合理手术方式的选择是提高其临床治愈率的关键。     

胰腺囊性肿瘤的临床分析

目的：总结胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊治经验，提高对该疾病的认识和诊治水平。方法：对1986—2004年中24例胰腺囊性肿瘤的临床病例资料作回顾性分析。结果：全组中胰腺囊腺瘤10例，胰腺囊腺癌6例，胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性腺癌3例。实性假乳头瘤2例，胰腺腺泡细胞囊腺癌、胰岛细胞癌囊性变及胰腺继发性囊性肿瘤各1例。全组男8例，女16例，平均年龄51岁。肿瘤位于胰头部8例，胰体尾部16例。手术方式为胰十二指肠切除4例，胰体尾切除15例，内引流2例，活检3例。胰腺囊腺瘤、囊腺癌、导管内乳头状黏液性腺癌、实性假性乳头瘤等的临床表现、病理特征、手术方式和预后显著不同。结论：不同病理类型的胰腺囊性肿瘤之临床特征和预后显著不同。提高对胰腺囊性肿瘤的认识对指导临床治疗具有重要意义。     

胰腺黏液性囊性肿瘤诊治分析

目的: 探讨胰腺黏液性囊性肿瘤的诊断和治疗效果.方法: 回顾分析15例胰腺黏液性囊性肿瘤的临床资料.男6例,女9例;8例胰腺黏液性囊腺瘤,7例胰腺黏液性囊腺癌(1.14∶1);肿瘤位于胰头部3例(20%),胰体尾部10例(66.7%),胰尾部2例(13.3%).胰十二指肠切除术2例,胰腺体尾部+脾切除术8例,胰尾+脾切除术2例,胰腺囊腺瘤切除术1例,胰腺囊肿-空肠吻合内引流术1例,胰腺囊肿外引流术1例.结果: 随访10~15年,8例囊腺瘤均无瘤存活;7例囊腺癌中4例(57.1%)存活5年,2例(28.5%)存活3年,1例(14.2%)存活率1年.结论: 囊腺癌属于低度恶性肿瘤,根治性切除术效果良好.     

Cystic pancreatic tumors

Cystic tumors of the Pancreas (CTP) are rare (less than 5% of all pancreatic tumors). We have limited our study to CTP of epithelial origin which represent 90% of all CTP. These can be divided into three subgroups: (1) Benign tumors with no risk of malignant progression (serous cystadenoma). (2) Tumors with risk of malignant degeneration (mucinous cystadenoma, intraductal papillary mucinous tumors (IPMT), and pancreatic solid-cystic papillary tumor. (3) Malignant tumors (cystadenocarcinoma, IPMT with malignant degeneration). The latter two groups of CTP require radical resection while serous cystadenoma does not require surgical intervention unless symptomatic. The ability to determine preoperatively the exact nature of a CTP is of tremendous importance; cytologic examination and biochemical assays of cyst fluid aid greatly in this determination. Better understanding of the biologic evolution of CTP has increased the indications for surgical resection but the risks of postoperative morbidity and mortality in these patients must not be underestimated.     

保留十二指肠胰头切除术的适应证及术式选择:附22例报告

目的探讨保留十二指肠胰头切除术（DPPHR）的适应证及具体术式的选择指征。方法回顾性分析我中心2001年1月至2006年1月实施的22例DPPHR术患者的临床资料,其中黏液性囊腺瘤8例,黏液性囊腺癌2例,实性-假乳头状瘤4例,神经内分泌肿瘤2例,慢性胰腺炎4例（伴胰头肿块2例,伴多发结石2例）,淋巴上皮囊肿1例,浆液性囊腺瘤1例。探讨DPPHR术式的适应证、手术方式的选择及术后并发症的防治。结果患者手术死亡0例,术后发生胰瘘3例,胆瘘1例,腹腔感染1例,十二指肠瘘2例。结论DPPHR术保留了胃、十二指肠及胆道的连续性,手术安全性好,降低了手术创伤和切除范围,可作为胰头颈部良性和低度恶性肿块局限性切除的术式。     

腹腔镜下胰体尾占位性病变切除16例体会

目的探讨胰体尾占位性病变行腹腔镜手术治疗的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析自2014年开展腹腔镜胰腺手术以来成功完成的16例患者的临床资料。肿瘤直径1.0~12.6 cm,平均4.4 cm。行腹腔镜胰腺肿瘤摘除术4例,腹腔镜胰体尾脾切除术2例,腹腔镜胰体尾切除术10例。结果 16例患者均成功完成手术。手术时间90~330 min,平均210 min。术中平均出血量150ml。术后住院日4~28 d,平均11 d。术后病理回报黏液性囊腺瘤1例,浆液性囊腺瘤2例,胰岛素瘤5例,胰腺假性囊肿2例,实性假乳头状瘤2例,异位脾1例,自身免疫性胰腺炎1例,胰腺囊肿1例,胰腺癌1例。术后1例出现胰瘘,经通畅引流、抑酶对症治疗后痊愈;1例出现脾梗死,已随访1年,无临床症状及体征;1例出现结肠瘘,保守治疗痊愈。结论腹腔镜治疗胰体尾占位性病变是安全可行的。     

腹腔镜远端胰腺切除的临床应用

目的 总结腹腔镜远端胰腺切除术的临床应用与手术技巧.方法 回顾性分析腹腔镜远端胰腺切除术治疗胰体尾肿瘤10例的临床资料.结果 10例胰体尾肿瘤中8例成功完成腹腔镜远端胰腺切除术,其中1例为保脾远端胰腺切除术,中转开腹手术2例,1例因胰腺癌侵及周围脏器,1例因术中出血.腹腔镜远端胰腺切除术平均手术时间为141±35 min(95～195 min),平均出血263±151 ml(100～600 ml),术后平均住院7±1 d(5～9 d),全部患者均治愈.术后病理诊断实性假乳头状瘤4例、黏液性囊腺瘤3例、胰岛细胞瘤1例,胰腺导管腺癌2例.结论 腹腔镜远端胰腺切除术最佳适应证是胰腺体尾部良性肿瘤及早期恶性肿瘤,具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少的优点,是治疗胰体尾良性肿瘤及早期恶性肿瘤的安全有效的微创疗法.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the clinical applications and surgical technique of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP). Method The clinical data of 10 cases of pancreatic body and tail tumors undergoing laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy were retrospectively analyzed.Results Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) was successfully undertaken in 8 cases (including spleen preserving distal pancreatectomy in one case ). Intraoperatively two cases were converted to open surgery because of peripancreatic organs involvement by cancer in one case and massive bleeding in another case during laparoscopic procedures. The average operation time of LDP was 141 ± 35 min (95 -195 min),mean blood loss was 263 ± 151 ml( 100 -600 ml), average postoperative hospital stay was 7 ± 1 days (5 -9 days ). There was no major postoperative complications and no mortality. Final pathology was solid psedopapillary tumor in 4 cases, mucinous cystadenoma in 3 cases and islet cell tumor in 1 case, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in 2 cases, hence 80% of tumors were benign. Conclusions LDP is indicated for benign body and tail pancreatic tumors and early malignant tumor of pancreatic body and tail. Being less traumatic, and fewer complications, LDP is a safe, effective and minimally invasive therapy.     

Cystic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: Is preoperative diagnosis possible?

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors rarely undergo cystic degeneration leading to a radiologic appearance, which is often interpreted as a pancreatic mucinous cystadenoma or pseudocyst. We reviewed our experience with 38 neuroendocrine tumors, four of which were cystic, and 24 other cystic pancreatic tumors (mucinous cystadenoma [n = 5], cystadenocarcinoma [n = 6], serous cystadenoma [n = 3], solid/cystic papillary neoplasm [n = 3], intraductal papillary mucinous tumor [n = 6], and mucinous adenocarcinoma [n = 1]) managed operatively between 1990 and 2000. This review was undertaken to identify clinical and pathologic features useful for preoperative diagnosis of cystic neuroendocrine tumors. Two of the four patients with cystic neuroendocrine tumors presented with abdominal pain, one patient was asymptomatic, and one patient had hypoglycemia. Three of the four cystic neuroendocrine tumors were identified by CT scan, and none were biopsied preoperatively. Preoperative diagnoses included mucinous cystadenoma in two patients (n = 2), pancreatic cystic neoplasm in one patient, (n = 1) and insulinoma in one patient (n = 1). All four cystic neuroendocrine tumors were benign and were completely resected (distal pancreatectomy [n = 2], enucleation [n = 2]). Cystic neuroendocrine tumors are difficult to diagnose preoperatively because the majority of these tumors are nonfunctional, and CT does not differentiate these tumors from other cystic neoplasms. Cystic neuroendocrine tumors represent a subgroup of pancreatic cystic and neuroendocrine tumors with malignant potential. Their high resectability rate further supports the role of surgical exploration and resection in the treatment of pancreatic cystic neoplasms. Presented at the Third Americas Hepatopancreatobiliary Congress, Miami, Fla., February 22–25, 2001.     

Duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection in patients with benign and borderline tumors of the pancreatic head

Background: Benign tumors of the pancreas are rare, accounting for only 1–2% of primary pancreatic lesions. Up to now, partial duodenopancreatectomy is still one of the established forms of treatment of benign tumors of the pancreas. We applied duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection in 12 patients with benign pancreatic tumors to evaluate the feasibility, morbidity and recurrence rates after this less aggressive method. Methods: Between April 1984 and December 1999, 12 patients with benign and borderline tumors of the pancreatic head were operated on by duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection. Results: All five patients with serous cystadenoma are free of recurrence 4.4 years after primary resection. One of two patients with mucinous cystadenoma and one of three patients with intraductal papillary mucinous tumor developed recurrent tumor within the former pancreatic head 5 years and 6 years, respectively, after the primary operation. Both patients were resected a second time. One of two patients with gastrinoma still has elevated serum gastrin levels. There was no hospital or long-term mortality. Conclusion: For a symptomatic serous cystadenoma, duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection is a good alternative to partial duodenopancreatectomy. In borderline tumors with malignant potential, we would rather suggest a more radical duodenum-preserving segmental resection. A video clip (3 min) is attached demonstrating the basic steps of duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection. Received: 1 March 2000 Accepted: 15 March 2000     

胰腺囊性肿瘤临床诊治分析

目的探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊治方法。方法回顾性分析29例胰腺囊性肿瘤患者的临床资料,包括一般资料、临床表现、辅助检查、手术方法、病理结果、术后并发症和随访结果。结果 8例(28%)浆液性囊性肿瘤(SCN),12例(41%)黏液性囊性肿瘤(MCN),3例(10%)导管内乳头状黏液肿瘤(IPMN),6例(21%)实性假乳头状肿瘤(SPT)。8例SCN、7例MCN、1例IPMN和5例SPT均是良性肿瘤。76%(22/29)患者是女性,年龄(49±17)岁(15～78岁)。29例中行手术治疗23例,其中切除肿瘤22例,探查活检1例,围手术期无死亡病例;另外6例未手术者中4例SCN者行随访观察处理,2例IPMN者拒绝手术治疗。29例患者中获随访21例,随访时间为(2.7±2.3)年(6个月～8年),失访8例。16例肿瘤切除者随访期内肿瘤无复发,1例探查活检者术后1年死亡;4例未手术的SCN患者随访期内肿瘤无明显增大。结论胰腺囊性肿瘤中最常见的是黏液性肿瘤和浆液性肿瘤,多见于女性;浆液性肿瘤均为良性,42%的黏液性肿瘤是恶性;误诊将延误治疗,增加死亡率。胰腺囊性肿瘤手术切除率高,根治性切除后预后好。