PHILOS治疗同侧肱骨干骨折合并肱骨近端骨折的临床体会

目的探讨采用肱骨近端内固定锁定系统(PHILOS)治疗同侧肱骨干骨折合并肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效。方法采用PHILOS治疗同侧肱骨干骨折合并肱骨近端骨折骨折15例。结果 15例获得随访13~36个月。末次随访时患侧肩关节上举角度为130~170°,平均156°;以Constant-Murley评分百分比为评分标准:优10例,良3例,满意2例,优良率86.7%。结论采用PHILOS治疗同侧肱骨干骨折合并肱骨近端骨折,具有固定可靠、损伤小、术后更早功能锻炼,骨愈合率高等优点。     

肱骨近端锁定接骨板治疗肱骨近端外展嵌插四部分骨折的疗效分析

目的 探讨肱骨近端锁定接骨板治疗肱骨近端外展嵌插四部分骨折的疗效.方法2005年11月至2006年12月经j角肌胸大肌入路采用AO肱骨近端锁定接骨板治疗18例肱骨近端外展嵌插四部分骨折患者,男8例,女10例;平均年龄66.4岁(57～74岁).骨折Neer分型:均为肱骨近端外展嵌插四部分骨折.受伤至手术时间平均为6.3 d(5～11 d).记录术中手术时间和出血量.末次随访时采用Constant-Murley肩关节评分标准评定患者肩关节功能.结果本组患者手术时间为70～125min,平均95 min;术中出血量为200～400 mL,平均350 mL.18例患者术后获35～45个月(平均40.6个月)随访.骨折均获愈合,临床愈合时间平均为12周(10～14周).2例患者发生Ⅱ～Ⅲ期肱骨头缺血性坏死,1例发生Ⅳ期肱骨头缺血性坏死.末次随访时Constant-Murley肩关节评分平均为84.2分(67～94分);其中优9例,良6例,一般3例,优良率为83.3%.肩关节活动度:前屈上举平均为164.0°±29.0°,体侧外旋平均为40.5°±21.3°,内旋达T7～T8(L2～T5).结论 肱骨近端锁定接骨板固定是治疗肱骨近端外展嵌插四部分骨折较理想的方法,其固定确切,保护了肱骨头及骨折端的血供.     

肱骨近端锁定接骨板治疗肱骨近端外展嵌插四部分骨折的疗效分析

目的 探讨肱骨近端锁定接骨板治疗肱骨近端外展嵌插四部分骨折的疗效.方法2005年11月至2006年12月经j角肌胸大肌入路采用AO肱骨近端锁定接骨板治疗18例肱骨近端外展嵌插四部分骨折患者,男8例,女10例;平均年龄66.4岁(57～74岁).骨折Neer分型:均为肱骨近端外展嵌插四部分骨折.受伤至手术时间平均为6.3 d(5～11 d).记录术中手术时间和出血量.末次随访时采用Constant-Murley肩关节评分标准评定患者肩关节功能.结果本组患者手术时间为70～125min,平均95 min;术中出血量为200～400 mL,平均350 mL.18例患者术后获35～45个月(平均40.6个月)随访.骨折均获愈合,临床愈合时间平均为12周(10～14周).2例患者发生Ⅱ～Ⅲ期肱骨头缺血性坏死,1例发生Ⅳ期肱骨头缺血性坏死.末次随访时Constant-Murley肩关节评分平均为84.2分(67～94分);其中优9例,良6例,一般3例,优良率为83.3%.肩关节活动度:前屈上举平均为164.0°±29.0°,体侧外旋平均为40.5°±21.3°,内旋达T7～T8(L2～T5).结论 肱骨近端锁定接骨板固定是治疗肱骨近端外展嵌插四部分骨折较理想的方法,其固定确切,保护了肱骨头及骨折端的血供.     

锁定加压接骨板微创固定治疗肱骨二或三部分骨折的初步报告

目的 探讨肱骨前方入路结合锁定加压接骨板微创治疗肱骨二或三部分骨折的疗效. 方法 2005年3月至2008年10月,经肱骨前方入路应用锁定加压钢板(LCP)或肱骨近端内固定系统(PHILOS)钢板微创治疗22例肱骨二或三部分骨折患者,男13例,女9例;年龄46～78岁,平均63.4岁);左侧7例,右侧14例.骨折类型:肱骨干骨折伴肱骨近端骨折11例,肱骨干骨折伴肱骨远端骨折8例,肱骨干骨折伴肱骨近端骨折及肩关节脱位2例,肱骨干骨折合并肱骨近端、远端骨折及肩关节脱位1例.其中2例术前伴桡神经损伤,急诊行桡神经探查后再复位固定骨折.记录手术时间及术中出血量.采用Neer肩关节评分标准及肘关节HSS评分标准分别对患者患侧肩关节和肘关节进行评分.结果 评价以1年为标准,其中1例患者术后随访不到1年,以随访终末时间为结点. 结果 22例患者的手术时间78～150 min,平均107.9 min;术中出血量110～450 mL,平均274 mL.20例术后获平均9.4个月(8～22个月)随访,2例失访.20例患者骨折均获愈合,愈合时间8～16周(平均11.5周).骨折端无移位,螺钉无松动、拔出及断钉发生.2例术前伴桡神经损伤患者,1例3 d后功能恢复,另1例4个月后功能恢复.肩关节功能按Neer评分标准评定:优12例,良5例,中3例,优良率为85.0%.肘关节功能按HSS评分标准评定:优16例,良4例,优良率100%. 结论 肱骨前方切口经皮置入锁定加压接骨板具有创伤小、不损伤腋神经及桡神经等优点,治疗肱骨二或三部分骨折可获得较理想的临床疗效.     

长型PHILOS锁定加压接骨板治疗肱骨近端伴肱骨干骨折

目的 总结应用长型PHILOS锁定加压接骨板手术治疗肱骨近端伴肱骨干骨折的临床疗效. 方法 2005年3月-2007年12月,应用长型PHILOS锁定加压接骨板治疗肱骨近端伴肱骨干骨折35例.其中男16例,女19例;年龄29～68岁,平均54.5岁.新鲜闭合性骨折34例,受伤至手术时间3～9 d;T型接骨板加重建钢板固定术后5个月松动、骨折延迟愈合1例.肱骨近端骨折采用Neer分型,其中二部分骨折7例,三部分骨折19例,四部分骨折9例;肱骨干骨折采用AO分型,A1型3例,A2型5例,Bl型lO例,B2型3例,B3型6例,C1型7例,C3型1例.术后肩关节功能采用Neer评分,肘关节功能采用HSS评分. 结果 所有患者术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合.30例获随访,随访时间12～33个月,平均18.2个月.术后出现桡神经麻痹症状2例,3周内自行恢复:术后6个月出现肱骨头坏死1例,二期行肱骨头置换;出现肱骨头均匀缩小1例,肩关节慢性轻度疼痛2例,未行特殊处理.术后6个月x线片示骨折愈合29例,1例行肱骨头置换;术后12个月29例全部达骨性愈合.无退钉或内固定松动等并发症发生.术后12个月,按Neer肩关节功能评分标准,优6例,良19例,中3例,差2例,优良率83.3%;按肘关节HSS功能评分优16例,良14例,优良率100%. 结论 长型PHILOS锁定加压接骨板治疗肱骨近端伴肱骨干骨折固定牢靠、并发症少、满意率高.     

肱骨近端内锁定系统治疗肱骨近端骨折

目的探讨肱骨近端内锁定系统（PHILOS）治疗肱骨近端骨折的疗效。方法对21例肱骨近端骨折患者采用三角肌、胸大肌间沟入路,保护附着于大骨折块和大、小结节上的软组织,骨折复位后均行PHILOS内固定。患肩功能按Constant-Murley肩关节评分系统进行评价。结果患者均获随访,时间9～21（16±5.3）个月。骨折均愈合,时间2.5～3.5（3±0.7）个月。末次随访时患侧肩关节评分为75～95（85.5±5.6）分。优10例,良9例,可2例。结论 PHILOS可牢固固定骨折,骨折愈合与功能恢复相同步,提高了疗效,适用于粉碎性骨折和肱骨近端骨质疏松骨折的治疗。     

肱骨近端锁定钢板系统治疗成人肱骨近端骨折的疗效分析

目的 探讨肱骨近端锁定钢板系统(PHILOS)治疗成人肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效、并发症及其预防措施.方法 回顾性分析2008年6月至2011年3月采用PHILOS治疗的66例肱骨近端骨折.男27例,女39例;年龄24～81岁,平均57.4岁.骨折根据Neer分型:二部分骨折27例,三部分骨折33例,四部分骨折6例.合并伤:肱骨头劈裂骨折4例,盂肱关节脱位4例,均为喙突下脱位.末次随访时按Constant-Murley评分和视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评定肩关节功能、疼痛等,记录患者患肩活动度及并发症发生率等.结果 66例患者术后获12～36个月(平均18.1个月)随访.末次随访时Constant-Murley评分平均为76.2分,优良率为71.2％;VAS评分平均为1.8分;患肩活动度:外展平均140°,前举平均145°,外旋平均60°,内旋平均T12水平(髂嵴至T5).10例患者发生相关并发症,发生率为15.2％.结论 采用PHILOS治疗成人肱骨近端骨折可取得满意疗效,术中应注重采取合理的措施预防术后相关并发症.     

微创技术置入PHILOS钢板治疗肱骨干近端骨折

目的评价微创接骨板固定(MIPO)技术置入PHILOS(proximal humeral internal locking system)治疗肱骨干近端骨折的临床效果。方法自2008年11月~2009年8月,采用MIPO技术置入PHILOS钢板治疗23例肱骨干近端移位骨折。结果本组获随访6～17个月,平均11.3个月。X线片示22例于术后6个月内骨折达骨性愈合;1例因内固定松动发生延迟愈合,但无临床症状,于术后9个月骨折愈合,功能恢复至可。术后半年1例发生肩关节撞击征,取出内固定行功能锻炼后功能恢复至可。采用Constant-Murley评分方法评定疗效:优11例,良10例,可2例,优良率91.3%。结论采用MIPO技术置入PHILOS钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折是一种良好的方法,减少骨不连发生率,有利于肩关节早期功能恢复。     

应用长PHILOS接骨板治疗肱骨近端长节段骨折

目的探讨长PHILOS接骨板治疗肱骨近端长节段骨折的疗效。方法应用长PHILOS接骨板结合MIPO技术治疗22例肱骨近端长节段骨折患者。结果患者均获随访,时间8～36个月,骨折全部愈合。按照Neer肩关节功能评分标准:优12例,良8例,可2例。结论应用长PHILOS接骨板结合MIPO技术治疗肱骨近端长节段骨折固定可靠,可以早期功能锻炼,术后功能恢复满意,是治疗肱骨近端长节段骨折有效的方法。     

肱骨近端内固定锁定系统治疗肱骨近端复杂骨折疗效分析

目的探讨利用AO肱骨近端内固定锁定系统接骨板切开复位内固定治疗肱骨近端复杂骨折(Neer分型三部分或四部分)的疗效。方法 2009年1月至2011年3月,肱骨近端复杂骨折手术41例,其中37例、平均年龄63岁的患者采用切开复位PHILOS钢板内固定方法,术中注意保护小结节内侧的骨膜连续性,并保护好腋神经及头静脉,肱骨头复位后骨缺损处行自体骨或同种异体骨移植,术后采用肩关节Constant功能评分及肩关节X线片来评价治疗效果。结果平均随访13.7个月(5.0～32.0个月),3例肱骨头坏死,坏死率为8.1%,肩关节的Constant评分平均为78.6分(46.0～96.0分)。结论利用PHILOS接骨板切开复位内固定治疗肱骨近端复杂骨折使早期功能锻炼成为可能,从而保证了肩关节功能的恢复,取得了良好的疗效。     

PHILOS钢板在肱骨近端骨折治疗中的应用

目的 探讨PHILOS钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折的疗效.方法采用PHILOS钢板治疗34例肱骨近端骨折患者.结果 失访6例,28例获得随访,时间2～24个月.患者均获得骨性愈合.术后12个月按Constant-Murley评分标准评定临床疗效：优9例,良16例,可3例.结论 PHILOS钢板内固定治疗肱骨近端骨折,手术创伤小,骨折愈合快,肩关节功能恢复良好,是治疗肱骨近端骨折特别是合并骨质疏松患者的理想术式.     

经结节间沟入路应用肱骨近端内锁定系统钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折

目的：观察经结节间沟入路应用肱骨近端内锁定系统钢板治疗肱骨近端Neer 2、3部分骨折的疗效。方法：回顾性分析2015年7月至2018年1月采用经结节间沟入路应用肱骨近端内锁定系统钢板治疗肱骨近端Neer 2、3部分骨折15例,男7例,女8例;年龄23~67岁,平均46岁;左侧5例,右侧10例;Neer 2部分骨折7例,Neer 3部分骨折8例。术前和术后随访均拍摄X线片及CT以评估骨折的位置和骨折愈合的情况。临床评价包括Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分、手术并发症的分析。15例均应用肱骨近端内锁定系统钢板治疗,术后均采用Constant-Murley评分评定肩关节功能。结果：15例均获随访,时间14~36个月,骨折全部愈合,愈合时间14~26周,平均19.1周。术后均无肱骨头坏死、腋神经损伤、骨折不愈合等并发症发生。术后3个月Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分72~94分,平均81分,优2例,良13例。结论：采用经结节间沟入路应用肱骨近端内锁定系统钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折手术操作简单,损伤小,术后肩关节功能恢复快。     

Minimal-invasive Plattenosteosynthese proximaler Humerusschaftfrakturen mittels langer PHILOS-Platte

Objective

Closed reduction and minimally invasive stabilization of proximal humeral shaft fractures with long PHILOS plates. The presented technique enables stable extramedullary fixation of the fractures without affecting surrounding nerves.

Indications

Proximal humeral shaft fractures that may not be fixed by intramedullary nailing because of a narrow, deformed or occupied intramedullary canal or because of open growth plates.

Contraindications

Fractures that may not be reduced adequately by traction or with percutaneous techniques. Furthermore, fractures with delayed or nonunion and pseudarthrosis should not be treated with this technique.

Surgical technique

An anterolateral delta split approach is used to create an epiperiosteal tunnel along the humeral shaft from proximally to distally. A second incision is made distally at the lateral border of the biceps muscle. The brachialis muscle is dissected longitudinally. The PHILOS plate is twisted so that the proximal part of the plate can be placed laterally and the distal part anterolaterally at the humeral shaft. The plate is inserted into the epiperiostal tunnel and fixed with percutaneous screws.

Postoperative management

The arm is immobilized in a Gilchrest bandage until wounds are healed. Active-assisted physiotherapeutic mobilization without loading starts on the first postoperative day. Active mobilization starts 8–12 weeks postoperatively. In cases of soft tissue irritation the PHILOS plate may be removed after 1 year.

Results

Between 2005 and 2011 a total of 16 patients (8 women and 8 men) were treated with the presented technique. The patients mean age was 61 years. According to the AO classification, five fractures were classified as type A, eight as type B and three fractures as type C. All patients had clinical and radiological follow-up examinations after a mean of 24 months (12–38 months). All fractures showed complete bony consolidation at the final follow-up. The mean Constant-Murley score was 81 points representing 84% of the Constant-Murley score of the healthy contralateral shoulder. The average DASH score was 33 points and the mean SF36 was 85 points.     

锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端三部分和四部分骨折的疗效及并发症——5年随访分析

目的评估锁定钢板内固定治疗Neer三部分和四部分肱骨近端骨折的疗效及并发症。方法回顾性分析接受锁定钢板内固定治疗的122例三部分或四部分肱骨近端骨折患者,其中肱骨近端内锁定系统（PHILOS）钢板84例,围关节锁定钢板38例,平均随访时间为61．7个月（60-80个月）。采用Constant—Murley肩关节功能评分评价患肢术后功能,同时对各种并发症进行分析。结果末次随访时患者术后平均Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分为77．8分,PHILO）S组平均76．3分,围关节锁定钢板组平均78．1分,两者差异无统计学意义（P=0．098）。18例（14．8％）患者术后出现肱骨头坏死、骨折不愈合、浅表感染、螺钉切出及肩部撞击征等并发症。结论锁定钢板内固定治疗复杂肱骨近端骨折可取得较满意的疗效。采用不同设计锁定钢板手术引起并发症的危险性无明显差异。     

Functional results of angular-stable plate fixation in displaced proximal humeral fractures

INTRODUCTION: The availability of angular-stable plate/screw systems led to a euphoric use of these implants for the treatment of displaced proximal humerus fractures. The high implant costs seem to be justified by a potentially improved outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty one patients (20 female, 11 male, mean age: 62+/-16 years) with two-, three- and four-part proximal humerus fractures (Neer classification) were operated using the proximal humeral internal locking system (PHILOS). The mean follow-up time was 19+/-3 postoperative months (range: 340-720 days). Functional results (Constant score, UCLA-score) were analysed and compared to an equivalent historic control group of 60 patients operated for the same fracture types using two one-third tubular plates. Additionally, total implant costs for each technique were compared. RESULTS: Complications in the PHILOS group included one implant failure with refracture, one secondary dislocation, two cases of subacromial impingement, and two cases of partial avascular necrosis of the humeral head. The mean Constant score (age- and sex-matched) was 80+/-11% for the affected side and 104+/-13% for the healthy side. The UCLA scores were excellent in 10%, good in 67%, and fair in 23% of the patients. Complication rate and functional results did not differ significantly from the control group treated with one-third tubular plates. Implant costs were significantly higher for the PHILOS group (684+/-40 Euro vs. 158+/-20 Euro, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study showed similar functional results using either plate. Although the PHILOS plate may provide important advantages in specific situations, such as osteoporotic bone, its use as a standard must be carefully judged under the economic aspect of the significant higher implant costs.     

Plating of proximal fracture of the humerus: a study of 30 cases

In recent years, plate osteosynthesis with angular stable implants is frequently used for severely displaced three- and four-part proximal humeral fractures. The aim of this study is to evaluate early results of these fractures treated with insertion of LCP or Philos plates. We present results in 30 cases of proximal humeral fractures, 17 with 3 parts according to Neer and 13 with 4 parts, treated with Locking Compression Plates (LCP, 14 cases) and Philos plates (16) by the deltopectoral approach. Patients were checked with standard X-rays and clinical evaluation, according to the Constant-Murley shoulder score, Individual Constant score and Relative Constant score. Mean follow-up time was 21 months (range 6-42 months). The mean Constant-Murley shoulder scores were Pain 10.6 (3-15), Activities of Daily Living 15.3 (2-20), Range of Motion 26.8 (12-40) and Power 10.3 (3-25) and Total 63 (25-97). The Individual Constant score was 68.6% (27-98%) and the Relative Constant score 85.4% (36-130%). Fractures in 3 parts (of the surgical or anatomic humeral neck and major tubercle) had a mean Constant score of 69.1 (17 cases), but this fell to 55 (13 cases) in those in 4 parts (neck, major and lesser tubercles). Late necrosis of the humeral head occurred in two cases, both with 4-part breaks. We thus believe that 3-part fractures, in which both reduction and stable osteosynthesis are easier, show favourable prognosis and should be clearly distinguished from 4-part ones during assessments. The deltopectoral approach offers good exposure and is especially recommended in 4-part fractures, also because it provides a good view of the lesser tubercle. The osteosynthesis must be stable if early mobilisation of the shoulder and proper recovery of range of motion are to be achieved. As well as reduction and stabilisation of the tubercles, it is also important to restore the neck/shaft angle and stabilise it with oblique screws fitting the plate to avoid varus malposition.     

Surgical treatment of proximal humerus fractures using PHILOS plate

Objective：To evaluate functional outcome and complications of open reduction and internal fixation with proximal humeral internal locking system （PHILOS） plate for proximal humerus fractures.Methods：We reviewed 51 patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation with PHILOS plate between the years 2007 to 2012.There were 35 men and 16 women with a mean age of 38 years （range 24-68）.There were 41 patients in the age group of ＜60 years and 10 patients in the age group of ＞60 years.According to Neer classification system,8,15 and 23 patients had 2-part,3-part,and 4-part fractures,respectively and 5 patients had 4-part fracture dislocation.All surgeries were carried out at our tertiary care trauma centre.Functional evaluation of the shoulder at final follow-up was done using Constant-Murley score.Results：The mean follow-up period was 30 months （range 12-44 months）.Two patients were lost to followup.Of the remaining 49 patients,all fractures were united clinically and radiologically.The mean time for radiological union was 12 weeks （range 8-20 weeks）.At the final follow-up the mean Constant-Murley score was 79 （range 50-100）.The results were excellent in 25 patients,good in 13 patients,fair in 6 patients and poor in 5 patients.During the follow-up,four cases of varus malunion,one case of subacromial impingement,one case of deep infection,one case of intraarticular screw penetration and one case of failure of fixation were noted.No cases of avascular necrosis,hardware failure,locking screw loosening or nonunion were noted.Conclusion：PHILOS provides stable fixation in proximal humerus fractures.To prevent potential complications like avascular necrosis,meticulous surgical dissection to preserve vascularity of humeral head is necessary.     

长PHILOS钢板结合MIPO技术治疗肱骨近端伴肱骨干骨折临床研究

目的总结应用长型肱骨近端内固定锁定钢板(PHILOS),经微创钢板内固定(MIPO)技术,即肩峰下前外侧经三角肌入路治疗肱骨近端伴肱骨干复杂骨折的临床疗效。方法 2007年3月至2009年12月,应用长型PHILOS结合MIPO技术治疗肱骨近端伴肱骨干复杂骨折18例。其中男11例,女7例;年龄28～69岁,平均58.5岁。均为新鲜闭合性骨折,受伤至手术时间5～10 d。肱骨近端骨折中Neer分型2部分骨折2例,3部分骨折12例,4部分骨折4例;肱骨干骨折中AO分型A1型3例,A2型1例,B1型5例,B2型2例,B3型3例,C1型2例,C3型2例。术后肩关节功能评价采用Neer评分,肘关节功能评价采用美国特种外科医院(HSS)评分。结果 18例患者均获随访,随访时间11～31个月,平均14.6个月。术后出现桡神经麻痹症状1例,12周内自行恢复;出现肩关节慢性轻度疼痛2例,予以对症治疗后逐渐缓解。术后12个月18例全部达骨性愈合,无退钉或内固定松动等并发症发生。按Neer评分,肩关节功能优7例,良9例,中2例,优良率为88.9%;按HSS评分,肘关节功能优16例,良2例,优良率为100%。结论长型PHILOS结合MIPO技术,具有血运破坏少、固定可靠、并发症少、满意率高等优点,是治疗肱骨近端伴肱骨干骨折的一种新方法。