机器人辅助与传统腹腔镜肝切除术的效果比较

目的:比较达芬奇机器人与传统腹腔镜肝切除术治疗肝脏疾病的优势与弊端。方法:回顾分析2017年7月至2018年7月因肝脏肿瘤或肝内胆管结石行腹腔镜肝切除术的99例患者的临床资料。患者分为腹腔镜组(n=71)与机器人组(n=28),均由同一术者施术,统计分析两组手术方式、围手术期相关因素及术后恢复情况。结果:除3例传统腹腔镜肝切除术中转开腹外,余者均顺利完成手术。两组手术时间、术中失血量、术后并发症及住院时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:达芬奇机器人腹腔镜肝切除术安全、可行,与传统腹腔镜手术相比,在精细操作方面具有一定优势。     

达芬奇手术机器人在减重代谢外科中的应用

目的了解达芬奇手术机器人应用于减重代谢外科的现状及效果。方法检索国内外有关达芬奇手术机器人在减重代谢外科中应用研究的相关文献并进行综述。结果达芬奇手术机器人是近年发展起来的微创外科手术系统,由于其独特的组成结构突破了传统腹腔镜术中视野缺乏、二维成像、镜头不稳、移动范围受限等局限,为操作空间狭小及难度较高的减重代谢手术提供了一定的解决办法。目前达芬奇手术机器人与腹腔镜减重手术主要在手术时间和术后并发症方面有一定的差异。结论近年来达芬奇手术机器人被广泛应用于减重代谢外科,它克服了腹腔镜辅助减重手术的诸多限制,其安全、可行,而且临床效果相似,为减重代谢外科提供了一种新的术式选择。     

达芬奇机器人腹腔镜技术在泌尿外科中的应用现状

<正>自1987年第一例腹腔镜胆囊切除术的成功完成,腔镜外科学掀起了微创外科的热潮。随着科技的不断发展,手术器械的持续改进和更新,微创外科再次进入了一个新的时代——机器人手术时代。目前常见的机器人系统有AESOP(伊索)、ZEUS(宙斯)和da Vinci(达芬奇)系统,现临床上最常用的是达芬奇机器人系统。达芬奇机器人手术操作系统包括操作平台、手术机械臂系统及图像处理系统。与传统腹腔镜技术相比,达芬奇机器人手术系统具有特殊的优势,如三维操作视野、十倍的高清放大     

微创技术在胃肠外科中的应用现状和进展

近20年来,手术技术、化疗、放疗、分子靶向治疗等治疗手段在胃肠外科领域飞跃发展,其中微创外科的发展备受瞩目.随着内镜、腹腔镜及达芬奇机器人等微创外科技术的进步,微创理念逐渐深入外科治疗的各个领域,在某种程度上有替代传统开腹手术的趋势.微创治疗的优势不仅确保了传统外科治疗的效果,而且可将手术创伤最小化及术后生命质量最大化.目前胃肠外科常用的微创外科治疗方法包括：消化内镜下切除、腹腔镜手术、达芬奇机器人辅助手术、经自然腔道内镜技术等.     

达芬奇机器人手术系统施行残胃癌切除术

达芬奇机器人手术系统行胃癌根治术的路径、方法逐渐成熟,但是残胃癌手术难度大,切除率低,目前未见使用达芬奇机器人手术系统行残胃癌切除术的报道。2012年11月第三军医大学西南医院采用达芬奇机器人手术系统成功实施1例残胃癌切除术,随访12个月,近期疗效较好。达芬奇机器人手术系统行残胃癌手术在视野显露、腹壁粘连松解、狭窄空间操作等方面具有优势,其机动灵活的操作、稳固持久的牵引是开腹手术和腹腔镜手术不可比拟的。     

机器人肝切除治疗早期肝癌的相关问题探讨

近30年来，肝脏微创手术取得了巨大发展，而机器人手术系统的临床应用有望解决一系列腹腔镜手术所面临的难题。经验丰富的外科医师在开腹及腹腔镜肝切除术的基础上，根据机器人手术系统的实际情况做了大量改进和优化工作，是传统微创手术安全、可行、有效的替代方式。该文对机器人治疗早期肝癌的适应证、手术策略、近期临床结局和远期肿瘤学效果等方面进行了探讨。     

应用达芬奇机器人手术系统治疗94例肝胆胰疾病的经验总结

目的 总结达芬奇机器人手术系统治疗肝胆胰疾病的临床经验.方法 回顾性分析2009年1月至12月第二炮兵总医院应用达芬奇机器人手术系统治疗94例肝胆胰疾病患者的临床资料.结果 90例患者由达芬奇机器人手术系统完成手术,4例中转开腹,中转率为4%(4/94).肝脏手术16例,其中1例右肝后叶巨大血管瘤患者因血管瘤与下腔静脉关系密切,中转开腹;肝门部手术27例;胰腺手术19例,其中2例因胰头肿瘤巨大暴露不佳,1例因胆总管下段肿瘤太小,术中通过胆道镜探查+活组织检查无法明确肿瘤性质而中转开腹;其他部位手术32例(包括胆肠吻合6例,胆总管探查取石11例等).结论 应用达芬奇机器人手术系统可以完成各类型肝胆胰外科手术,拓展了腹腔镜外科的手术适应证.     

达芬奇机器人直肠癌根治术的现状和发展

达芬奇机器人手术是当前微创外科的最新潮流之一,它克服了传统腹腔镜的很多技术局限性,在提供立体视野、手术操作精细化和消除操作抖动等方面的优势显著。越来越多研究表明达芬奇机器人直肠癌手术安全可行。与传统腹腔镜手术相比较,机器人手术在降低中转开腹率、减少术后并发症率、改善术后生活质量等方面具有优势。在肿瘤远期生存方面,机器人术式与开腹手术、传统腹腔镜手术相当。近年来,机器人经自然腔道标本取出手术成为直肠癌治疗发展的重要分支。另外,在高速通信时代背景下,机器人系统将成为远程医疗的重点发展方向之一,积极推动远程会诊、学术交流、医院建设甚至就医模式的革新。     

机器人手术系统在肝脏外科中的应用

机器人手术系统具有稳定、清晰及放大的3D视野,可滤过术者手部震颤,具有多个自由度的灵活稳定操作,克服了传统腹腔镜的不足。尽管机器人手术系统在泌尿外科、妇产科等外科领域得到广泛应用,但在肝脏外科中的作用仍未得到充分认识。笔者综合国内外相关文献,结合团队经验,针对机器人手术系统在肝脏外科应用中的适应证、机器人手术系统肝切除术的安全性及疗效评价、机器人肝切除术学习曲线、机器人手术系统应用于困难部位肝切除术以及机器人手术系统肝切除术成本效益等问题作深入探讨。     

“达芬奇”机器人普通外科手术180例:中国单中心报道

目的:总结“达芬奇”机器人手术系统进行普通外科手术180例的临床经验.方法 我院在2009年1月至2010年10月应用“达芬奇”机器人手术系统进行了180例普外科手术,对病例的分布、手术过程以及术后恢复情况进行总结.结果 171例患者在全机器人下完成手术,9例中转开腹手助完成,中转率为5.0％(9/180).行肝门部手术63例,包括肝门部胆管癌手术36例,胆囊癌手术10例,复杂肝内胆管结石手术12例和医源性胆管损伤手术5例;胰腺手术44例,包括胰十二指肠切除术16例,胰体尾切除术6例,胰腺中段切除术1例,胰腺假性囊肿-空肠吻合术1例和姑息性手术20例;肝脏手术19例;胃肠手术12例;其他手术42例,包括胆总管探查取石术、腹膜后淋巴结清扫、脾脏切除术等.10例梗阻性化脓性胆管炎患者均在全机器人下顺利完成急诊手术,术后感染症状得以控制,休克很快纠正,无围手术期死亡病例.12例患者术后出现并发症,总并发症发生率为6.7％(12/180);死亡2例,死亡率为1.1％(2/180).结论“达芬奇”机器人手术系统可以独立完成各种类型普通外科手术,尤其是复杂疑难的肝胆胰手术,拓展了腹腔镜外科的手术适应证,推动了微创外科的进程.     

Non-cirrhotic liver tolerance to intermittent inflow occlusion during laparoscopic liver resection

While inflow occlusion techniques are accepted methods to reduce bleeding during open liver surgery, their use in laparoscopic liver resections are limited by possible effects of pneumoperitoneum on ischemia-reperfusion liver damage. This retrospective study was designed to investigate the impact of intermittent pedicle clamping (IPC) on patients with normal liver undergoing minor laparoscopic liver resections. Three matched groups of patients were retrospectively selected from our in-house database: 11 patients who underwent robot-assisted liver resection with IPC, and 16 and 11 patients who underwent robot-assisted liver resection without IPC and open liver resection with IPC, respectively. The primary end point was to assess differences in postoperative serum alanine, aspartate aminotransferase (ALT and AST) and bilirubin levels. The curves of serum AST, ALT and bilirubin levels in a span of time of five postoperative days were not significantly different between the three groups. IPC has no relevant effects on ischemia-reperfusion liver damage even in the presence of pneumoperitoneum.     

S052: a comparison of robot-assisted, laparoscopic, and open surgery in the treatment of rectal cancer

Background  

In recent years, robot-assisted surgery using the da Vinci System^? has been proposed as an alternative to traditional open or laparoscopic procedures. The aim of this study was to compare the short-term outcomes for open, laparoscopic, and robot-assisted rectal resection for cancer.     

Laparoscopic liver resection: Experience based guidelines

Laparoscopic liver resection(LLR) has been progressively developed along the past two decades. Despite initial skepticism, improved operative results made laparoscopic approach incorporated to surgical practice and operations increased in frequency and complexity. Evidence supporting LLR comes from case-series, comparative studies and meta-analysis. Despite lack of level 1 evidence, the body of literature is stronger and existing data confirms the safety, feasibility and benefits of laparoscopic approach when compared to open resection. Indications for LLR do not differ from those for open surgery. They include benign and malignant(both primary and metastatic) tumors and living donor liver harvesting. Currently, resection of lesions located on anterolateral segments and left lateral sectionectomy are performed systematically by laparoscopy in hepatobiliary specialized centers. Resection of lesions located on posterosuperior segments(1, 4a, 7, 8) and major liver resections were shown to be feasible but remain technically demanding procedures, which should be reserved to experienced surgeons. Hand-assisted and laparoscopy-assisted procedures appeared to increase the indications of minimally invasive liver surgery and are useful strategies applied to difficult and major resections. LLR proved to be safe for malignant lesions and offers some short-term advantages over open resection. Oncological results including resection margin status and long-term survival were not inferior to open resection. At present, surgical community expects high quality studies to base the already perceived better outcomes achieved by laparoscopy in major centers' practice. Continuous surgical training, as well as new technologies should augment the application of lap-aroscopic liver surgery. Future applicability of new technologies such as robot assistance and image-guided surgery is still under investigation.     

机器人辅助腹腔镜切除盆腔表皮样囊肿1例报告并文献复习

目的:结合文献探讨腹膜后表皮样囊肿的诊治方法,介绍机器人辅助腹腔镜切除盆腔腹膜后巨大肿瘤的手术经验。方法:为1例青年男性盆腔腹膜后巨大肿瘤患者行机器人辅助腹腔镜手术切除,并结合文献探讨腹膜后表皮样囊肿的诊治方法。结果:患者行机器人辅助腹腔镜下表皮样囊肿切除术,手术完整切除肿瘤,手术时间1.5 h、出血量约8 ml。术后病理诊断为表皮样囊肿。术后1周出院,随访8个月未见囊肿复发及转移。结论:腹膜后表皮样囊肿在临床症状上缺乏特异性,需要与脊索瘤、畸胎瘤等相鉴别;因有感染、恶变的倾向,治疗上应手术切除。机器人辅助腹腔镜手术治疗位于盆腔的腹膜后巨大肿瘤具有良好的适应性。     

Laparoscopic liver resection without portal clamping: a prospective evaluation

Background  Previous comparative studies have demonstrated that laparoscopic liver resection is associated with more frequent use and longer duration of portal camping than open liver resection, a fact that may partially explain the improvement in operative blood loss reported by most series of laparoscopic liver resection. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the real need for portal clamping in laparoscopic liver surgery. Study design  Surgical outcomes of 40 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic liver resection for benign and malignant lesions from September 2005 to August 2007 were evaluate. Portal clamping was not systematically used. Results  No patient required blood transfusion and median blood loss was 160 ml (range 100–340 ml). Mean operating time was 267 min (range 220–370 min) and portal clamping was necessary in only one patient. Surgical complications included two grade I complication, three grade II, and one case of postoperative hemorrhage (grade III). Conclusions  Laparoscopic liver surgery without clamping can be performed safely with low blood loss.     

经脐单孔腹腔镜技术治疗肝血管瘤五例

目的探讨应用传统腹腔镜器械行经脐单孔腹腔镜下肝血管瘤切除术的可行性及治疗效果。方法于2009年3月至2010年10月,对5例肝血管瘤患者(分别位于S2,S3,S7段)应用传统腹腔镜手术器械行单孔腹腔镜肝血管瘤切除术。患者取仰卧"大"字位,采用全身麻醉方式,经脐行2～3cm切口入路,置入3枚戳卡成倒三角形排列,分别应用超声刀、Ligasure以及腹腔镜切割闭合器行肝部分切除术,其中4例肝S2、S3段血管瘤患者行肝左外叶切除术,1例肝S7段血管瘤患者行肝血管瘤剔除术。结果 5例患者中除1例中转开腹外,手术均获成功。手术时间75～185min,平均(110.0±35.9)min,术中出血量200～1200ml,平均(680.0±303.5)ml,术后住院时间3～10d,平均(6.6±3.0)d,术后病理均证实为肝海绵状血管瘤。结论单孔腹腔镜下肝海绵状血管瘤手术是安全可行的,平均住院时间较开腹手术住院时间10～16d(13.0±3)d明显缩短,术中出血量及手术时间较开腹及多孔腹腔镜手术差异无统计学意义。因其更具微创美容效果,而被患者广泛接受。     

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??Difficulties and solutions of robot-assisted laparoscopic hepatectomy ZHANG Bi-xiang, ZHU Peng. Department of Hepatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030,China
Corresponding author:ZHANG Bi-xiang,E-mail:bixiangzhang
@163.com
Abstract In recent years, robotic surgical system has been used more and more in hepatic surgery, the indications of which are also expanded gradually. Besides less invasion and fast recovery, robotic laparoscopic system has more advantages in complex liver resections due to endo-wrist technique and fine performance ability compared to traditional laparoscopic hepatectomy. At present, there is still a long way to widespread application in robotic surgical system. There are not exactly the same in position, trocar layout, intraoperative tumor location, blood flow occlusion maneuvers, parenchymal transection, and so on between robot-assisted laparoscopic hepatectomy and traditional laparoscopic hepatectomy. Both robot-assisted and traditional laparoscopic approaches are similar in perioperative outcomes compared to open approach. Because of limited applied cases and short observation, the long term outcomes of robotic liver surgery still need to be further evaluated.     

机器人辅助腹腔镜腹膜后肿瘤切除术的初步经验——附1例报告

目的探讨应用达芬奇机器人手术系统行后腹膜肿瘤切除术的安全性及手术效果。方法通过使用达芬奇机器人辅助腹腔镜手术系统行经腹人路的复杂腹膜后肿瘤切除术。患者为56岁女性,高血压病史5年,cT提示腹膜后6cm左右类圆形肿块,血供丰富,肿瘤紧邻胰腺钩突和十二指肠后方,位于腹主动脉及下腔静脉之间,并压迫下腔静脉。结果手术取得成功,无中转开腹,无重要脏器、血管损伤。手术时间240min,出血量约200ml,术中血压平稳。术后恢复顺利,无并发症,于术后11天出院。病理为腹膜后副神经节瘤。结论机器人辅助微创手术系统能安全有效地进行腹腔内深在位置或大血管旁的腹膜后肿瘤的手术治疗。