18F-FDG PET/CT动态评价单纯125I粒子植入或联合顺铂化学治疗兔VX2肺癌效果

目的 分析¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT动态观察单纯¹²⁵I粒子植入术及联合化学治疗（化疗）对兔VX2肺癌的干预效果的价值。方法 将VX2肿瘤组织接种于3~4月龄新西兰大耳白兔右肺下叶,制成兔VX2肺癌模型。将30只模型兔随机分为3组,每组10只。对A组通过治疗计划系统（TPS）植入25.9 MBq（0.7 mCi）¹²⁵I粒子,B组经耳缘静脉注射顺铂7 mg/kg体质量,C组予以上2种干预。分别于治疗前及治疗后第3、7、14天对实验兔行全身PET/CT扫描,于右肺肿瘤部位及肝右叶勾画ROI,检测其最大标准摄取值（SUV_max）,计算肿瘤SUV_max/肝脏SUV_max（SUV_T/L）;于治疗前及治疗后第3、7天完成PET/CT检查后分别处死2只,治疗后第14天PET/CT检查后处死4只动物,取肿瘤组织进行病理学检查。结果 3组间及A、B组内治疗前及治疗后不同时间点肿瘤最大径差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。C组治疗后第14天肿瘤最大径较治疗前缩小（P<0.05）。治疗后第7、14天,C组SUV_T/L值较A、B组均降低（P均<0.05）;A、B组治疗后第7、14天SUV_T/L值均较治疗前降低,C组治疗后第3、7、14天SUV_T/L值均较治疗前降低（P均<0.05）。病理学检查发现3组治疗后肿瘤细胞均逐渐减少,A、C组炎症细胞及肿瘤坏死区较B组更多;C组治疗后第14天仅见少量肿瘤细胞,炎症细胞及纤维组织增多。结论 ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT可动态监测并早期评价单纯¹²⁵I粒子植入术及联合化疗对兔VX2肺癌的干预效果。     

~(18)F-FDG PET/CT显像在泌尿系肿瘤中的临床应用

18F-脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层显像/CT技术(18F-FDG PET/CT)显像在多种恶性肿瘤的诊断、鉴别诊断、分期、随访监测、疗效与预后评估中起重要作用,但是其在泌尿系肿瘤中却因为18F-FDG由泌尿系统排泄而影响观察,肾细胞癌与前列腺癌原发肿瘤病灶则表现为少摄取或不摄取18 F-FDG而呈现假阴性表现。本文旨在探讨18F-FDG PET/CT显像在泌尿系统肿瘤中的潜在临床应用价值。     

基于深度学习重建列表模式提取儿童18F-FDG PET/CT低剂量图像

目的 探讨基于深度学习（DL）重建列表模式提取低剂量图像用于儿童¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT检查的可行性。方法 对93例患儿行全身¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT,分别以120秒/床位行标准全剂量扫描、20秒/床位行快速扫描,之后以列表模式于120秒/床位图像中提取20秒/床位图像。将20秒/床位图像与以列表模式提取的20秒/床位图像传输至DL平台进行重建,分别获得相应全剂量图像（DL-f20s、DL-20s）;对比标准全剂量120s、DL-f20s、DL-20s图像的靶本比（TBR）、对比噪声比（CNR）、变异系数（CV）、图像质量主观评分,以及肝血池、纵隔血池、肌肉血池及原发病灶最大标准摄取值（SUV_max）和平均标准摄取值（SUV_mean）,分析基于DL-f20s与DL-20s图像所获SUV_max及SUV_mean的一致性。结果 120s、DL-f20s和DL-20s图像的主观质量Likert评分、TBR、CNR、CV及各血池、病灶的SUV_max、SUV_mean差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。DL-f20s与DL-20s图像之间,5%以上肌肉血池SUV_max、SUV_mean差值在95%一致性界限（LoA）以外,其余血池及病灶的SUV_max、SUV_mean差值在95% LoA以外者均≤5%。结论 基于DL重建列表模式提取低剂量图像可用于儿童¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT检查,且所获图像的质量及代谢参数与快速扫描相当。     

18F-FDG PET/CT在骨与软组织肉瘤中的应用进展

骨与软组织肉瘤发病率相对较低,但多数恶性程度高,预后差,早期诊断是改善预后的关键。~(18)F-FDG PET/CT可用于骨与软组织肉瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断、肿瘤分级、确定活检部位、检测复发及转移、评价疗效及预后等各方面。本文就~(18)F-FDG PET/CT在骨与软组织肉瘤中的应用进展进行综述。     

18F-FDG PET/CT结肠空气造影在结肠病变应用中的诊断价值

【摘要】 目的 探讨18F-FDG PET/CT结肠空气造影术对结肠病变的诊断效能。方法 临床连续纳入70例怀疑结肠息肉（肿瘤）的患者及常规PET/CT检查发现肠道局灶性浓聚患者。患者注射18F-FDG（0.1mCi/Kg）60分钟后进行第一次非造影扫描。扫描结束后,行结肠空气造影扫描。所有患者行电子纤维肠镜检查,非造影扫描及空气造影扫描图像影像诊断均分别与电子纤维肠镜作为金标准进行统计,分析18F-FDG PET/CT结肠空气造影检查对结肠息肉、结肠肿瘤的灵敏度、特异度。结果70例患者电子肠镜共发现23处恶性肿瘤病灶,15处息肉等良性病灶,其中常规PET/CT对恶性肿瘤的诊断灵敏度为86.96%,对息肉的诊断诊断灵敏度为46.67%。结肠空气造影PET/CT对恶性肿瘤的诊断灵敏度为95.65%（22/23）,对良性息肉的诊断灵敏度为86.67% （13/15）。11个息肉在造影后显示病灶形态更为清晰（73.33%）。1例患者造影后显示肠道内瘘清晰。23例患者在结肠空气造影PET/CT检查后对常规PET/CT检查报告做出了较大修改,占32.86%（23/70）。结论18F-FDG PET/CT结肠空气造影检查能提高结肠良性息肉的检出灵敏度,能较好的鉴别生理性浓聚,提高诊断特异度;18F-FDG PET/CT结肠造影空气检查对显示病灶的形态、大小及肿瘤侵犯转移情况优于非造影检查,18F-FDG PET/CT结肠造影空气检查可以作为常规PET/CT扫描检查的重要补充方法。     

~(18)F-FDG PET/CT显像在非小细胞肺癌预后评估中的应用

肺癌是恶性肿瘤中导致人类死亡的重要原因之一,非小细胞肺癌占其中的85%,其治疗手段多样复杂。如何更好的预测患者预后,对患者治疗方案的选择尤为重要。传统预后评估方法有一定的弊端。随着新技术的发展,18F-FDG PET/CT显像更多地应用于肺癌的分期及再分期、疗效评估和预测预后。本文对18F-FDG PET/CT显像定量指标在非小细胞肺癌预后评估中的应用进行综述。     

单发脑转移瘤的18F-FDG PET/CT显像特点

目的探讨单发脑转移瘤的18F-FDG PET/CT显像特点,以提高其诊断准确率。方法回顾性分析62例单发脑转移瘤患者的头部18F-FDG PET/CT显像资料,根据最大径将病灶分为1.0cm和≥1.0cm 2组,采用χ2检验比较2组病灶的瘤周水肿及18F-FDG摄取情况。依据CT表现将病灶分为高密度结节、等密度结节及囊性密度结节3种形式,采用χ2检验分析不同CT表现形式病灶的18 F-FDG摄取情况。结果本组62例单发脑转移瘤,发生于幕上52例(52/62,83.87%),幕下10例(10/62,16.13%)。1.0cm和≥1.0cm两组病灶的瘤周水肿差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.414,P=0.006),而18F-FDG摄取差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.647,P=0.104)。不同CT表现形式18 F-FDG摄取情况差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.480,P=0.001);大部分(11/12,91.67%)高密度结节型的病例18 F-FDG摄取不超过2级;而等密度结节型18F-FDG摄取均不低于1级,并以3级居多(17/34,50.00%);56.25%(9/16)的囊性密度结节型表现为18 F-FDG无摄取。结论单发脑转移瘤的18 F-FDG PET/CT表现形式多种多样,掌握其18 F-FDG PET/CT显像特点,有助于提高诊断准确率。     

乳腺癌BALB/c小鼠生物发光活体成像和小动物~(18)F-FDG PET/CT成像的比较研究

目的比较生物发光和小动物PET/CT成像技术在BALB/c小鼠乳腺癌原位移植模型中的显像效果,寻找适合的评价乳腺癌肿瘤模型的分子影像学方法。方法将表达荧光素酶基因的乳腺癌细胞4T1接种于雌性BALB/c小鼠左侧第二对乳房垫下使其成瘤,活体荧光成像和小动物PET/CT成像观察肿瘤的生长情况。~(18)F-FDG PET/CT显像利用IRW软件对图像进行分析,采用感兴趣区技术(ROI)测量组织~(18)F-FDG摄取值。结果生物发光活体成像操作步骤相对较简单;活体荧光成像系统观察能够特异性地探测到肿瘤组织,小动物PET/CT影像观察发现小鼠体内多数器官组织都有~(18)F-FDG摄取,但肿瘤组织在所有组织、器官中~(18)F-FDG摄取值最高;~(18)F-FDG药物吸收时间30~60 min,有放射性,荧光素钾盐药物吸收时间3~5 min,无放射性;小动物PET/CT成像用时20 min,生物发光活体成像用时3 min;小动物PET/CT分辨率1 mm,生物发光活体成像分辨率1~10 mm;小动物PET/CT呈三维成像,生物发光活体成像呈二维成像。结论生物发光活体成像比~(18)F-FDG PET/CT特异性好,操作简单,图像采集时间短,价钱便宜,无放射性,可检测细胞存活状态,但小动物PET/CT分辨率较高,可精准定位,图像三维立体,可监测到细胞的代谢能力,为以后实验研究中正确选择活体影像学监测手段提供依据。     

18F-FDG PET/CT在胆道系统恶性肿瘤中的应用

目的探讨~(18)F-FDG PET/CT诊断胆道系统恶性肿瘤的价值。方法回顾性分析34例临床疑似胆道恶性肿瘤患者的PET/CT影像资料,均获得术后病理结果,其中12例经手术切除淋巴结或淋巴结穿刺活检对18枚淋巴结获得病理诊断;与病理结果对照,计算PET/CT对胆道恶性病变原发灶、淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率。结果 34例中,31例为恶性病变,3例为良性病变。PET/CT诊断胆道恶性肿瘤原发灶的灵敏度100%(31/31),特异度66.67%(2/3),阳性预测值96.88%(31/32),阴性预测值100%(2/2),准确率97.06%(33/34)。胆道恶性病变原发灶最大标准摄取值(SUV_(max))为8.42±4.27;3例胆道良性疾病SUV_(max)分别为12.90、2.00及1.90。共18枚淋巴结获得病理结果,包括转移性淋巴结13枚,良性增生5枚。PET/CT诊断淋巴结转移的灵敏度76.92%(10/13),特异度60.00%(3/5),阳性预测值83.33%(10/12),阴性预测值50.00%(3/6),准确率72.22%(13/18)。结论 PET/CT对胆道系统恶性肿瘤的诊断具有重要价值。     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像在肾癌中的临床应用价值

目的:评价18F-脱氧葡萄糖(18F-fluorodeoxyglucose,18F-FDG)正电子发射计算机断层扫描(PET)/CT显像对肾癌诊断和治疗方案选择的临床应用价值.方法:回顾性分析56例临床诊断为肾癌患者的全身18F-FDG PET/CT和CT平扫加增强扫描的影像学资料.比较两者对肾癌的诊断价值.结果:56例患者中,经手术病理检查实为肾癌者47例.其余9例因18F-FDG PET/CT显像发现有转移病灶者放弃手术.18F-FDG;PET/CT 榆古敏感度为80.4%;CT平扫加增强扫描的敏感度为92.9%.9例转移病例中,3例为腹膜后淋巴结转移,3例两肺多发转移,2例骨转移并肝转移,1例伴有下腔静脉和肾静脉癌栓形成,而CT平扫加增强扫描仅发现1例肾静脉和下腔静脉痛栓形成.结论:18F-FDG PET/CT显像对诊断原发性肾癌的敏感性不如CT,但对淋巴结转移及远处转移的诊断优于CT,对肾癌的分期、治疗方案的选择及预后的判断有重要意义.     

PET/CT in the management of differentiated thyroid cancer

The standard treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) consists of surgery followed by iodine-131 (¹³¹I) administration. Although the majority of DTC has a very good prognosis, more aggressive histologic subtypes convey a worse prognosis. Follow-up consists of periodically measurements of serum thyroglobulin, thyroglobulin antibodies and neck ultrasound and ¹²³I/¹³¹I whole-body scan. However, undifferentiated thyroid tumors have a lower avidity for radioiodine and the ability of DTC to concentrate ¹³¹I may be lost in metastatic disease. Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) has been introduced in the evaluation of patients with thyroid tumors and the 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxyd-glucose (¹⁸F-FDG) has been largely validated as marker of cell's metabolism. According to the 2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines, ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT is recommended in the follow-up of high-risk patients with elevated serum thyroglobulin and negative ¹³¹I imaging, in the assessment of metastatic patients, for lesion detection and risk stratification and in predicting the response to therapy. It should be considered that well-differentiated iodine avid lesions could not concentrate ¹⁸F-FDG, and a reciprocal pattern of iodine and ¹⁸F-FDG uptake has been observed. Beyond ¹⁸F-FDG, other tracers are available for PET imaging of thyroid tumors, such as Iodine-124 (¹²⁴I), ¹⁸F-tetrafluoroborate and Gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen. Moreover, the recent introduction of PET/MRI, offers now several opportunities in the field of patients with DTC. This review summarizes the evidences on the role of PET/CT in management of patients with DTC, focusing on potential applications and on elucidating some still debating points.     

18F-FDG PET/CT评价非霍奇金淋巴瘤骨髓浸润

目的探讨^18F-FDG PET／CT评价非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）骨髓浸润的临床应用价值,并与骨髓活检（BMB）及流式细胞分析（FCM）进行比较。方法回顾性分析89例经病理证实且未经治疗的NHL患者^18F-FDG PET／CT资料,其中侵袭性NHL76例,惰性NHL13例。所有患者均在^18F-FDG PET／CT检查2周内接受BMB及FCM,对^18F-FDG PET／CT显示骨髓局灶性^18F—FDG摄取增高而BMB及FCM阴性患者,根据PET／CT所示骨髓异常部位再次行BMB确定骨髓是否受累。结果89例NHL患者中,根据BMB、FCM及PET／CT引导下再次BMB结果,共检出骨髓浸润26例,检出率为29．21％（26／89）,PET／CT检出率为21．35％（19／89）。PET／CT诊断骨髓浸润的灵敏度为73．08％（19／26）,特异度为96．83％（61／63）,准确率为89．89％（80／89）,阳性预测值为90．48％（19／21）,阴性预测值为89．71％（61／68）。BMB及FCM检出率均为19．10％（17／89）,PET／CT较BMB、FCM骨髓浸润检出率稍高,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。将PET／CT、FCM及BMB三种方法联合诊断骨髓浸润,其检出率高于其中任意一种方法（P〈0．05）。PET／CT对侵袭性NHL骨髓浸润的检出率22．37％（17／76）高于对惰性NHL骨髓浸润的检出率15．38％（2／13,P〈0．06）。结论^18F-FDG PET／CT在诊断NHL骨髓浸润中有较高的应用价值。对局灶性骨髓浸润患者,PET／CT有助于引导BMB部位,提高骨髓浸润的检出率。PET／CT未检出骨髓浸润的惰性NHL患者,应进一步行BMB及FCM检查。推荐PET／CT、FCM及BMB三种方法联合应用判断NHL骨髓浸润,从而更准确地进行分期、治疗及判断预后。     

18F-FDGPET/CT在非小细胞肺癌早期化疗疗效评价中的应用

18F-FDG PET/CT是一种从细胞分子水平反映肿瘤组织生化和代谢变化的功能显像方法,其监测肿瘤治疗疗效的原理是基于肿瘤细胞在化疗后对葡萄糖代谢的变化。近年来,越来越多的研究致力于18 F-FDG PET/CT在评价非小细胞肺癌化疗疗效方面的作用。本文就18F-FDG PET/CT在非小细胞肺癌早期化疗疗效评价中的应用价值进行综述。     

Characteristics of Primary Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with False-Negative Findings on Initial 18F-FDG PET/CT

Background

We often observe that uptake of tracer is not detected in the primary cancer focus in patients with histologically proven papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) on preoperative ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT). Therefore, we analyzed the clinical and pathologic variables affecting false-negative findings in primary tumors on preoperative ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 115 consecutive patients who underwent ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT for initial evaluation and were diagnosed with PTC by postoperative permanent biopsy. The clinical and pathologic characteristics that influence the ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT findings in these patients were analyzed with respect to the following variables: age, gender, tumor size, multifocality of the primary tumor, perithyroidal invasion, lymphovascular or capsular invasion, and central lymph node metastasis-based final pathology.

Results

Twenty-six (22.6%) patients had false-negative ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT findings. In patients with negative ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT findings, tumor size, and perithyroidal and lymphovascular invasion were significantly less than in patients with positive ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT findings. Tumors >1 cm in size were correlated with ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT positivity. On multivariate analysis, perithyroidal invasion (P = 0.026, odds ratio = 7.714) and lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.036, odds ratio = 3.500) were independent factors for ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT positivity. However, there were no significant differences between ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT positivity and age, gender, capsular invasion, and central lymph node metastasis based on final pathology.

Conclusions

Tumor size and perithyroidal and lymphovascular invasion of papillary carcinoma can influence ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT findings. Absence of perithyroidal and lymphovascular invasion were independent variables for false-negative findings on initial ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in patients with PTC.     

18F-FDGPET/CT与传统影像检查寻找骨转移瘤原发灶的比较

[目的]比较18F-FDG PET/CT与传统影像检查(胸片、彩超、CT及MRI等)为骨转移瘤患者寻找原发灶的临床价值.[方法]回顾性分析37例于2008年5月～2010年6月间本中心收治的经病理证实的骨转移瘤患者的病例资料,并随访其后续的诊治情况.以病理结果或临床随访作为原发灶确认标准.并将PET/CT与传统影像检查对原发灶的检出情况进行比较.且对治疗方案的调整进行汇总.[结果]37例患者中,PET/CT提示原发灶28例,其中正确检出原发灶27例(73％),1例为假阳性;传统影像检查正确检出原发灶17例(46％),两者原发灶正确检出率的差异有显著性(x2=5.61,P=0.018).27例经PET/CT正确检出原发灶的病例中,17例(63％)采取了针对原发灶的治疗措施.此外9例PET/CT未提示原发灶的患者中,3例经病理证实为假阴性.[结论]与传统影像检查相比,18F-FDG PET/CT可更有效、更便捷的找出骨转移瘤患者原发灶,进而为制定更合理的治疗方案提供依据.     

PET/CT对氩氦刀靶向治疗肿瘤策略的影响

目的评价全身18F-FDG PET/CT在氩氦刀靶向治疗中的价值。方法回顾100例肿瘤患者冷冻治疗前目标病灶CT检查、全身PET/CT检查。结果根据PET/CT和CT结果,100例患者中,肺内病灶53例,肝内病灶22例,盆腔病灶11例;23例临床分期改变,17例治疗计划改变。12例肺内病灶（12/53,22.64%）、3例肝内病灶（3/22,13.64%）、2例盆腔病灶（2/11,18.18%）治疗计划改变。结论全身PET/CT可提供更多有效的信息,对制定氩氦刀冷冻治疗策略有显著指导意义。     

La tomographie par émission de positons au 18F-FDG en pathologie rénale non oncologique : indications actuelles et perspectives

Positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) is a nuclear imaging technique which provides anatomical and functional information. PET/CT is increasingly used in non-oncological nephrology since conventional radiological approaches after injection of contrast agents are relatively contra-indicated in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). PET/CT after i.v. injection of ¹⁸F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) is not toxic and is characterized by a high sensitivity. The level of irradiation (∼5 mSv) is acceptable. CKD does not significantly influence tissue uptake of ¹⁸F-FDG. The purpose of the present review aims at detailing the non-oncological indications of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in general nephrology and after kidney transplantation. Particularly, ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT appears useful in the diagnosis of cyst infection in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, as well as in the characterization of retroperitoneal fibrosis. In kidney transplant recipients, ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT may help in the diagnostic work-up of suspected acute rejection, thereby eventually avoiding unnecessary kidney transplant biopsy. Perspectives in ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT imaging are discussed, including innovative approaches of image analysis.