生血宁片治疗维持性腹膜透析患者肾性贫血的临床观察

目的观察中成药生血宁片治疗维持性腹膜透析患者肾性贫血的临床疗效及对铁代谢指标、营养不良和微炎症状态的影响。方法选取武汉大学中南医院维持性腹膜透析肾性贫血患者56例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组口服生血宁片,对照组口服多糖铁复合物胶囊,两组均同时联合皮下注射重组人促红细胞生成素针。治疗12周后观察和比较2组患者治疗前后血红蛋白、红细胞比容、血清铁蛋白、转铁蛋白饱和度、血清肌酐、白蛋白、超敏C反应蛋白等指标变化,同时观察治疗中的不良反应。结果 2组患者在治疗前的贫血指标之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后治疗组及对照组患者贫血治疗的总有效率分别为92.9%及82.1%,治疗组总有效率明显高于对照组(P0.01);治疗后两组患者的贫血指标较治疗前有显著变化(P0.05),治疗组用药后血红蛋白、红细胞比容、血清铁蛋白、转铁蛋白饱和度、血清白蛋白均较治疗前明显升高(P0.05),与对照组相比贫血指标差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组超敏C反应蛋白水平较治疗前有所下降,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组患者有7例不良反应,而治疗组患者无一例不良反应发生,其不良反应发生明显低于对照组。结论生血宁片可有效纠正腹膜透析患者贫血状态,改善铁代谢和营养不良,同时并未增加腹透患者体内微炎症状态。采用生血宁片联合促红细胞生成素治疗维持性腹膜透析患者肾性贫血的临床疗效明显,且未见明显不良反应。     

蔗糖铁注射液与琥珀酸亚铁片治疗血液透析患者贫血疗效对比

目的比较蔗糖铁注射液与琥珀酸亚铁片治疗维持性血液透析患者肾性贫血的临床疗效与安全性,探讨补铁的途径和方法。方法选择40例维持性血液透析患者,试验前检测每例患者的血红蛋白、红细胞比容、血清铁蛋白、转铁蛋白饱和度,将患者随机分为静脉补铁组（20例）和口服补铁组（20例）,4、8、12周后复查上述指标。结果两组治疗后血红蛋白、红细胞比容、血清铁蛋白、转铁蛋白饱和度均升高,但静脉组比口服组高,差异有统计学意义,且上升速度快于口服组。治疗前、后两组肝功能、C反应蛋白等指标差异无统计学意义。结论在使用重组人促红细胞生成素的同时,静脉补铁较口服补铁能更快、更好地改善肾性贫血。     

补肾祛毒丸治疗维持性腹膜透析患者营养不良的临床观察

目的:观察补肾祛毒丸治疗维持性腹膜透析患者营养不良的临床疗效。方法:将维持性腹膜透析合并营养不良患者54例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各27例。治疗组在对照组治疗基础上加用补肾祛毒丸,观察治疗前后血清白蛋白、血红蛋白、营养不良炎症评分指标的变化。结果:治疗组和对照组治疗后血清白蛋白均升高(P0.01),治疗组升高明显,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01);两组治疗后血红蛋白均升高(P0.01),但两组差异无统计学意义;两组治疗后营养不良炎症评分均下降,治疗组下降明显,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:补肾祛毒丸可改善维持性腹膜透析患者营养不良状态,抑制微炎症状态是其有效作用之一。     

组合型人工肾在透析患者肾性贫血中的疗效观察

目的:探讨组合型人工肾(HP/HD)在治疗血液透析患者肾性贫血中的临床疗效。方法:将维持性血液透析1年以上的患者60例随机分为普通透析HD组30例,组合型人工肾(HP/HD)组30例。HD组采取维持性HD治疗,每周透析3次,每次透析4h,组合型人工肾(HP/HD)组每周行1次HP/HD,HD治疗2次,时间均4 h。所有患者均在上机治疗前后及6个月后空腹采血,观察两组各项指标的变化。结果:治疗后组合型人工肾(HP/HD)组中大分子量毒素β2-MG、iPTH与HD组比较明显下降,与HD组比较Hb明显升高,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:组合型人工肾(HP/HD)增加了对中大分子量毒素的清除,治疗肾性贫血效果优于普通HD。     

不同血液净化方式联合骨化三醇冲击治疗对维持性血液透析患者肾性骨病指标的影响及意义

目的 通过观察不同血液净化方式联合骨化三醇冲击治疗对维持性血液透析患者肾性骨病指标的影响,探讨肾性骨病合适的治疗方案.方法 将60例符合标准的患者按随机数字表法分为3组,每组20例.所有患者采用骨化三醇冲击治疗,使用低钙透析液.普通透析组患者采用常规透析,血液透析滤过组患者采用血液透析滤过治疗,每周透析3次,其中血液透析滤过治疗每周1次.血液透析灌流组患者采用血液透析联合血液灌流治疗,每周透析3次,其中血液透析联合血液灌流治疗每周1次.结果 3组患者使用不同透析方式联合药物治疗3个月后发现,治疗前3组患者血钙、血磷、血甲状旁腺激素水平比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),治疗后1个月血液透析灌流组患者血磷与普通透析组患者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而血液透析滤过组患者的血磷与普通透析组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);治疗后3个月血液透析滤过组和血液透析组患者的血甲状旁腺激素、血磷、血钙水平与普通透析组比较差异也有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而血液透析滤过组和血液透析灌流组间血甲状旁腺激素、血磷、血钙水平比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 对于维持性血液透析的患者存在高磷血症以及继发性甲状旁腺激素的升高等肾性骨病的指标异常,可以应用血液透析滤过以及血液透析联合血液灌流治疗,且安全可行.     

两种不同血液净化模式对血管内皮功能的影响

目的探讨常规血液透析和长期血液灌流串联血液透析对维持性血液透析患者血管内皮功能的影响。方法将宜昌市第二人民医院维持性血液透析的患者分成两组,一组进行单纯的血液透析(HD组),另一组进行血液灌流串联血液透析(HD+HP组)。每位患者每个月化验一次血常规、透析前后肾功能及电解质。利用公式每个月计算出sp Kt/V,每三个月测算一次血流介导的肱动脉血管舒张功能和血流变化率。比较两种不同血液净化模式对血管内皮功能的影响。结果 HD+HP组血管内皮功能损伤程度较HD组明显降低,2组透析充分性无显著差异,HD+HP组心脑血管不良反应发生次数明显减少。与治疗前相比,治疗后HD+HP组患者血红蛋白明显上升(P0.05),血压明显下降(P0.05);HD组患者血红蛋白治疗前后无差异(P0.05)。结论血液灌流串联血液透析可以延缓维持性血液透析患者的血管内皮功能损害,改善肾性贫血,降低血压水平,减少心脑血管不良反应发生。     

生血合剂联合rHuEPO治疗肾性贫血的临床观察

目的：观察生血合剂联合rHuEPO治疗血液透析患者肾性贫血的疗效.方法：采用生血合剂（主要由熟地、何首乌、黄芪、当归、鸡血藤、川芎、丹参等制成颗粒剂）配合rHuEPO治疗血液透析患者肾性贫血30例,并设立对照组30例,观测两组患者治疗前后的血常规（Hb,Hct）、肾功能（Scr、BUN）、血清白蛋白、中医临床证候等.结果：治疗组与对照组相比：Hct、白蛋白较治疗前明显升高,P＜0.01.Hb差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.治疗组与治疗前相比：Hb、Hct、白蛋白差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;Scr、BUN差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论：生血合剂联合rHuEPO优于单纯使用rHuEPO治疗血液透析患者的肾性贫血,临床实施切实可行.     

高通量血液透析对维持性透析患者生活质量的影响

目的:探讨血液透析对慢性维持性血液透析患者生活质量的影响.方法:选择39例长期血液透析的终末期肾衰竭患者,高通量组19例,常规透析组20例,分别测定两组患者研究开始第1次治疗前、后治疗2周和12个月时透析前血清β2-MG浓度,同时观察生活质量.结果:两种透析方式清除小分子毒素BUN、Cr无差异,但治疗12个月后H-HD清除中大分子尿毒物质,如β2-MG的能力较CHD提高;H-HD组患者血清白蛋白、血Hb水平明显高于HD组;高通量透析能够明显减少感染发生,改善长期血液透析患者的营养状况,改善贫血、减轻和缓解关节痛、皮肤瘙痒症状,生活满意度明显优于HD组,均具有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论:高通量透析能够明显提高长期血液透析患者的生活质量,这与高通量透析有效清除并持续降低患者血清β2-MG浓度有关.     

新乡地区维持性血液透析患者贫血现况调查及相关因素分析

目的 探讨维持性血液透析患者的贫血现况及相关影响因素.方法 收集2012年1月至3月新乡地区4家综合医院364例维持性血液透析3个月以上患者的临床资料.分析维持性血液透析患者贫血现况及其与促红细胞生成素、铁剂、营养不良、透析充分性、微炎症、甲状旁腺激素等因素的关系.结果 364例患者中促红细胞生成素治疗率为97％,铁剂治疗率为87％,贫血治疗达标率仅为30％,贫血治疗达标组患者的血白蛋白、转铁蛋白饱和度、透析龄、尿素清除指数、铁蛋白和转铁蛋白饱和度两者均达标率患者非达标组比较差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).而贫血治疗达标组患者的血红蛋白、透析频率、铁蛋白值、前白蛋白、铁蛋白和转铁蛋白饱和度达标率与非达标组比较差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.01),C反应蛋白值与非达标组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).贫血治疗达标组促红细胞生成素治疗量在与未达标组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但其用量远低于肾脏病预后质量指南中推荐的量.多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示白蛋白、前白蛋白、尿素清除指数、透析频率是维持性透析贫血的独立影响因素.结论 新乡地区大部分维持性血液透析贫血患者均接受促红细胞生成素和铁剂治疗,但治疗仍不充分,达标率较低.营养不良、微炎症、透析不充分、性别也是贫血治疗达标率低的原因,但白蛋白、前白蛋白、尿素清除指数、透析频率是维持性血液透析贫血的独立影响因素.提示我们在采用充足的促红细胞生成素和铁剂治疗维持性血液透析贫血患者的同时,应加强其营养治疗和充分透析的宣传教育.     

蔗糖铁注射液联合红细胞生成素治疗肾性贫血的临床观察

目的 观察蔗糖铁注射液联合红细胞生成素治疗伴有缺铁的维持性血液透析肾性贫血患者疗效及安全性.方法 选取尿毒症维持性血液透析患者46例,按随机数字表法分为治疗组(26例)和对照组(20例).治疗组采用静脉滴注蔗糖铁100 mg,每周2次,总量达1000 mg改为100 mg,每周1次;对照组采用口服乳酸亚铁0.2 g,每日3次.红细胞生成素的使用剂量和方法两组相同,总疗程均为10周.结果 经治疗后治疗组患者血红蛋白、红细胞压积、血清铁蛋白水平与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 蔗糖铁联合红细胞生成素治疗肾性贫血疗效优于口服铁剂联合红细胞生成素治疗.不良反应发生率更低,可作为肾性贫血患者长期补铁的方法之一.     

Hemoglobin levels and erythropoietin doses in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients in the United States

Erythropoietic agents, a cornerstone of management, are a major component of the cost of renal replacement therapy. The objectives of this study were to compare (on a month-by-month basis) U.S. hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients in terms of the proportion of patients receiving erythropoietin, erythropoietin doses, and hemoglobin levels after initiation of erythropoietin. Patients studied (hemodialysis, n = 121,970; peritoneal dialysis, n = 7129) began dialysis between 1995 and 2000, had Medicare as their primary payer, were 65 yr old or older at dialysis inception, had no erythropoietin claims before dialysis inception, and did not have a switch in dialysis modality in the first 6 mo of dialysis therapy. Total monthly erythropoietin doses and average monthly hemoglobin levels were calculated from Medicare claims. The proportion of patients who received erythropoietin plateaued at 3 mo in both groups: 25% in peritoneal dialysis patients and 80% in hemodialysis patients. However, monthly erythropoietin doses plateaued at 30,000 units in peritoneal dialysis patients and 60,000 units in hemodialysis patients, a disparity not explicable by differences in baseline characteristics. Among subjects who received erythropoietin, mean hemoglobin levels were similar at steady state in both populations and met the National Kidney Foundation Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative hemoglobin target level of 11 to 12 g/dl. Hemoglobin levels in U.S. hemodialysis and peritoneal populations are similar. However, erythropoietin doses are dramatically higher in hemodialysis patients.     

重组人促红细胞生成素治疗肾性贫血的疗效分析

目的观察重组人促红细胞生成素（rHuEPO）治疗慢性。肾衰竭患者贫血的疗效。方法选择我院慢性肾衰竭患者42例,分为2组,其中慢性肾衰竭维持性血液透析患者21例为血液透析组（HD组）,慢性肾衰竭维持性腹膜透析患者21例为腹膜透析组（PD组）。所有慢性肾衰竭患者分别于入组后的第1天、3个月、6个月测定血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞计数（RBC）、血细胞比容（Hct）、网织红细胞计数（Ret）、全段甲状旁腺素（iPTH）和促红细胞生成素（EPO）水平。结果①治疗前,2组间Hb、RBC、Hct、Ret、iPTH和EPO无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。②治疗后第3个月,HD组Hb、Hct低于PD组（P〈0．05）,iPTH高于PD组（P〈0．05）。③治疗后第6个月,HD组Hb、Hct、iPTH与PD组相比无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。④相关分析表明,慢性肾衰竭患者Hb与iPTH呈负相关（r=-0．81,P〈0．05）,与RBC、Hct和Ret呈正相关（r分别为0．79、0．91、0．59,P〈0．05）,与EPO水平无相关性（P〉0．05）。结论慢性肾衰竭患者的贫血程度与甲状旁腺功能有关。rHuEPO治疗早期,腹膜透析较血液透析更容易改善患者的贫血状况,可能与前者较好的清除血iPTH有关,但随着治疗时间的延长,腹膜透析此方面的优势不再明显。     

腹膜透析与血液透析患者肾性贫血治疗效果比较

目的比较腹膜透析（peritoneal dialysis,PD）与血液透析（hemodialysis,HD）患者肾性贫血的治疗效果。方法选择尿毒症行肾脏替代治疗患者90例,其中腹膜透析患者41例,血液透析患者49例。患者入组前1个月内均未行肾脏替代治疗、未使用促红细胞生成素（erythropoietin,EPO）、无失血;在肾脏替代治疗开始时加用EPO,比较腹膜透析组（PD组）和血液透析组（HD组）患者治疗前、治疗后第1、2、3个月血红蛋白（hemoglobin,Hb）的变化,以及PD组与HD组治疗后3个月超敏C反应蛋白（high sensitivity C reactive protein,hs—CRP）、血白蛋白（albumin,Alb）、尿素清除指数（Kt／V）的差异。结果治疗前2组的Hb值无统计学差异（P〉O．05或P〉0．01）,治疗后第3个月2组的hs-CRP、Alb、Kt／V值无统计学差异（P〉0．05或P〉0．01）。透析治疗前后比较,PD组治疗后第1、2、3个月的Hb值均较治疗前升高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,且治疗后第3个月〉第2个月〉第1个月;HD组治疗后第1、2、3个月的Hb值均较治疗前升高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,且治疗后第3个月〉第2个月〉第1个月。PD组治疗后第1、2、3个月EPO的Hb值分别高于HD组,差异具有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论肾脏替代治疗、使用EPO可有效纠正尿毒症患者的肾I生贫血,PD患者使用EP0更有利于肾陛贫血的纠正。     

Oral l-carnitine does not decrease erythropoietin requirement in pediatric dialysis

The use of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) has greatly facilitated the treatment of anemia in children with chronic renal failure, but is expensive. Several reports on adult patients have shown that supplementation with l-carnitine can decrease the requirement for rhEPO. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of oral supplementation with l-carnitine on the rhEPO requirement in children on dialysis. We investigated 16 children on dialysis (11 hemodialysis, 5 peritoneal dialysis) with a median age of 10.2 years. All children were stable on rhEPO treatment at least 3 months before study entrance. After obtaining baseline data, all children were supplemented with l-carnitine 20 mg/kg/day. Data were collected for 26 weeks. Follow-up was completed for 12 patients (8 hemodialysis, 4 peritoneal dialysis). At baseline free carnitine (32±18 μmol/l) and total carnitine levels (54±37 μmol/l) were normal. At the end of the study free carnitine levels had increased to 97±56 μmol/l (P<0.05) and total carnitine levels to 163±90 μmol/l (P<0.05). There was no significant change in rhEPO requirement. Hemoglobin level or hematocrit did not change significantly during the study. In conclusion we could not demonstrate a beneficial effect of supplementation with l-carnitine on rhEPO requirement in children on dialysis. Received: 17 September 1999 / Revised: 14 April 2000 / Accepted: 17 April 2000     

Renal anemia treatment with ESA in hemodialysis patients in relation to early versus late referral in everyday clinical practice in Central and Eastern European countries: baseline data

The aim of the study was to collect retrospective data on renal anemia management, comorbidities and prospective data on 12-month standard care erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) therapy used in 398 hemodialyzed patients in selected Central and Eastern European countries (50 centers in 3 countries). Patients were divided into three groups according to ESA therapy start: group A-ESA (after start of hemodialysis, HD), B-ESA (within 3 months from start of HD), C-ESA (more than 3 months before HD). At the chronic kidney disease diagnosis, hemoglobin in all patients was 10.3 ± 2.3 g/dl; however, ferritin, iron, TSAT were within reference limits. Early ESA therapy (C) was administered to 10% of patients only. 47% of patients received ESA after start of dialysis. Before study, the mean weekly ESA dose in group C was statistically lower than in groups B and A (p < 0.001). At baseline visit, hemoglobin in group A patients was slightly lower than in group B and C patients (p = 0.025). In conclusion, in Central and Eastern European countries renal anemia therapy with ESA starts shortly before or after start of HD. This highlights important differences in standard care in Eastern Europe. However, paradoxically, due to the tight reimbursement policy we foresee the clinical implications of the TREAT trial for the chronic kidney disease population.     

The effect of erythropoietin therapy and hemoglobin levels on the immune response to Engerix-B vaccination in chronic kidney disease

BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis have an increased risk of acquiring hepatitis B infection. Only 43-66% of dialysis patients develop effective anti-HBs titers after vaccination. AIM: To evaluate the effect of recombinant erythropoietin (rEPO) therapy and basal hemoglobin levels on the outcome of the immune response to four doses of IM 40 microg Engerix-B vaccination in hemodialysis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients before starting replacement therapy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred and three patients were included in the study: 34 hemodialysis patients treated with rEPO (Group A), 36 predialytic patients who did not treated with rEPO (Group B) and 33 predialytic patients treated with rEPO (Group C). Plasma creatinine in predialytic patients was 2-7 mg/dL. All patients' HBsAg and anti-HBs antibodies were negative. Patients were immunized with IM 40 microg Engerix-B at 0, 1, 3, and 6 months. Anti-HBs titers were measured at 7th month. RESULTS: Eighty seven point one percent of patients from group C developed protective anti-HBs titers compared with 69.4% from group B and 44.1% from group A (p = 0.001). Patients from all groups with baseline hemoglobin levels above 11 gr/dL developed protective anti-HBs titers significantly more than patients with baseline hemoglobin levels below 11 gr/dL (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Predialytic patients treated with rEPO and with hemoglobin levels higher than 11 gr/dL had significantly better immune response outcomes to Engerix-B vaccination. Immunization against hepatitis B infection should be considered at early stages of CKD prior to the deterioration in kidney functions and the development of renal anemia.     

Recombinant human erythropoietin independence in chronic hemodialysis patients: clinical features, iron homeostasis and erythropoiesis

AIMS: Recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) is widely used to correct renal anemia in uremic patients. Interestingly, some chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients can maintain high hemoglobin level without the need of r-HuEPO. The aim of this study is to investigate clinical features, iron metabolism and erythropoiesis of these r-HuEPO-independent HD patients. METHODS: r-HuEPO independence was defined in dialysis patients as hemoglobin greater than 12 g/dl and no use of r-HuEPO for at least 6 months. An age- and sex-matched group was selected for comparison. Their underlying diseases, duration of hemodialysis therapy, efficacy of dialysis (Kt/V), normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) and body mass index (BMI) were recorded. Laboratory data including: hemoglobin, albumin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, serum iron, total iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation, ferritin, intact parathyroid hormone, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), serum EPO, cortisol, testosterone, aluminum and leptin levels were measured. Renal sonography was also performed in each patient to evaluate renal cyst formation. RESULTS: About 2.3% of all HD patients (21/888; M : F = 18 : 3) were r-HuEPO-independent. These patients had significantly longer HD duration and higher serum EPO and sTfR levels, and lower transferrin saturation rate than dependent groups. Correlation analysis revealed that hemoglobin level strongly correlated with HD duration, serum sTfR and EPO levels. Levels of sTfR were positively related with serum EPO levels and BMI. Multivariate regression analysis showed that level of sTfR was the only independent factor related to r-HuEPO independence. CONCLUSION: R-HuEPO independence is rare among chronic hemodialysis patients. Factors contributing to this dependence are complex and multiple. Level of serum sTfR parallels erythropoiesis and is the most significant factor associated with r-HuEPO independence in chronic HD patients.     

Effects of clinical and individual variables on quality of life in chronic renal failure patients

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of baseline characteristics of patients, chronic renal failure and its treatment on quality of life. METHODS: To investigate the health status we used a questionnaire, the SF-36, during individual interviews. The study involved i) a cross-sectional observational stage, lasting from 1 Sept. 1997 to 30 April 1999, on all the patients undergoing conservative treatment, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplantation in district of Ravenna, and ii) a longitudinal stage, when the subjects were administered two questionnaires at an interval of at least 16 months. The quality of life data collected during the cross-sectional stage were analyzed to establish any correlations between age, type of treatment of chronic renal failure and hemoglobin levels. Patients under dialysis were also examined for any interference caused by the center where dialysis was done. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis on the data collected during the cross-sectional stage showed that chronic renal failure treatment and age affected the quality of life scores for the following parameters: physical activity, bodily pain, general health and vitality (age was inversely related to the scores). Transplanted patients and those on conservative treatment enjoyed the best overall quality of life, followed by those on peritoneal dialysis and those on hemodialysis. The physical domain scores were strongly associated with age, hemoglobin and diabetes. Multivariate analysis of the longitudinal study indicated that the interval between the beginning and the end of the observation period, age and diabetes greatly influenced quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: The data confirmed that age and diabetes have a strong influence on the quality of life and that the long period of treatment, with the absence of any prospect of resolving the clinical situation, has a negative effect on the quality of life in uremic patients.     

慢性肾脏病4期以上焦虑和抑郁状态的动态变化

目的分析慢性肾脏病4期、血液透析和腹膜透析患者在1年随访中的焦虑和抑郁状态的变化及原因。方法选择在我科住院并随访的慢性肾脏病4期患者28例（慢性肾脏病4期组）、血液透析患者21例（血液透析组）、腹膜透析患者43例（腹膜透析组）,用Hamilton焦虑和抑郁量表,在0个月（慢性肾脏病4期组在入院时、或血液透析组和腹膜透析组在初始进入透析）、6个月和12个月进行问卷调查。结果选择在我科住院并随访的慢性肾脏病4期患者28例（慢性肾脏病4期组）、血液透析患者21例（血液透析组）、腹膜透析患者43例（腹膜透析组）,用Hamilton焦虑和抑郁量表,在0个月（慢性肾脏病4期组在入院时、或血液透析组和腹膜透析组在初始进入透析）、6个月和12个月进行问卷调查。结果0个月时,Hamilton焦虑和抑郁指数腹膜透析组最高,血液透析组次之,慢性肾脏病4期组患者较轻（P〈0．05）。6个月后,血液透析组的心理问题最重（P〈O．05）,慢性肾脏病4期组和腹膜透析组较轻。12个月后,慢性肾脏病4期组的心理问题较严重,血液透析组次之,腹膜透析组较轻（P〈0．05）。结论慢性肾脏病4期和透析患者焦虑抑郁的发生率较高,其中透析患者更高。随着时间的推移,患者在各时问段的心理状态有一定的变化。     

Quality of life in patients treated with hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis: what are the important determinants?

BACKGROUND: Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have significant impairments in health-related quality of life (HRQOL). In part, this is due to the intrusiveness of the treatment (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis) that is required. It is unclear whether hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is associated with a higher HRQOL. METHODS: 192 prevalent patients who self-selected treatment with hemodialysis (either in-center, satellite or home/self-care hemodialysis) or peritoneal dialysis were studied to determine whether treatment with hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is associated with a higher HRQOL. Demographic, laboratory and clinical information (including the presence of comorbid conditions using the Charlson comorbidity index) was assessed at baseline. The outcome of interest was HRQOL, which was measured using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form (KDQOL-SF), the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) and the EuroQol EQ-5D at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of follow-up. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in HRQOL scores for the SF-36, the EQ-5D and for 9 of 11 KDQOL dimensions for patients treated with hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis at baseline. As expected, HRQOL was significantly lower for patients who had more comorbid disease, required assistance with their daily care, and for patients with less than a grade 12 education. After controlling for the effect of other important variables, HRQOL (as measured by the EQ-5D visual analog or index scores) did not differ between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. HRQOL was stable over time, both for patients who started on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. CONCLUSIONS: There is no significant difference in HRQOL for prevalent ESRD patients treated with hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. It will be important to determine if this finding holds true for incident patients treated with hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.