髌股关节退变对膝关节内侧单髁置换术疗效影响的研究

[目的]探讨术前膝关节疼痛部位及影像学髌股关节退变对Oxford内侧单髁置换术疗效的影响。[方法]回顾性分析2012年6月～2017年6月本科采用内侧单髁置换术(Oxford系统)治疗膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎56例(56膝)患者的临床资料,其中男16例,女40例;年龄50～82岁,平均(63.68±8.23)岁。体重指数21～30kg/m~2,平均(25.81±4.52) kg/m~2。术前伴有膝前痛的16膝(有膝前痛组),不伴有膝前痛的40膝(无膝前痛组)。采用OKS评分、AKSS评分、WOMAC骨关节炎指数评分和髌股关节评分评价临床效果。[结果]所有患者均获得完整随访,随访时间12～60个月,平均(35.47±8.96)个月。无感染、脂肪栓塞或下肢深静脉血栓,无假体位置不良、脱位及假体松动等并发症。与术前相比,有或无膝前痛的患者末次随访时的OKS和WOMAC评分均显著下降,而AKSS临床和功能评分,髌股关节评分评均显著增加,两时间点间的差异均有统计学意义(P0.01),但有与无膝前痛患者组间上述指标在相应时间点的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]膝前痛和髌股关节退变并不影响膝关节内侧单髁置换术的疗效,术前影像学表现有髌股关节退变不应作为膝关节内侧单髁置换术的绝对禁忌证。     

髌股关节退变对膝关节内侧单髁置换术后疗效的影响

目的探讨髌股关节骨关节退变(PF-OA)对牛津(Oxford)活动平台膝关节内侧单间室置换术后膝关节功能的影响。方法回顾性分析自2017年5月至2019年4月间在河南省洛阳正骨医院膝关节外科行单间室置换术的患者70例。依据髌股关节退变程度的Ahlback分级,将患者分为无髌股关节退变组(无PF-OA组,25例)、内侧髌股关节退变组(内侧PF-OA组,28例)和外侧髌股关节退变组(外侧PF-OA组,17例)。采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)、牛津膝关节评分(OKS)及美国特种外科医院(HSS)关节功能评分对手术前后膝关节的疼痛和功能进行评价。VAS、OKS、HSS评分在同一时间点组间比较采用单因素方差分析,组间两两比较方差齐者采用LSD检验,不齐者采用Game-Howell检验,同组治疗前后比较采用配对t检验,性别等计数资料组间比较采用卡方检验。结果与术前比较,末次随访时无PF-OA组、内侧PF-OA组和外侧PF-OA组患者VAS评分均明显降低(t=27.26、31.80、20.88,均为P 0.05); OKS评分降低(t=-27.11、-28.43、-15.04,均为P 0.05); HSS评分提高(t=-17.66、11.08、10.06,均为P 0.05)。随访终末,3组间VAS评分及OKS评分差异无统计学意义(均为P 0.05),HSS评分3组间差异有统计学意义(Fw=10.28,P 0.01)。末次随访时外侧PFOA组HSS评分低于内侧PF-OA组(ω~2=0.36,P 0.01)及无PF-OA组(ω~2=0.30,P 0.01);内侧PF-OA组及无PF-OA组间HSS评分差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论内侧髌股关节退变不影响膝关节内侧单髁置换临床疗效,不应作为UKA的禁忌证。外侧髌股关节退变虽可对UKA疗效有影响,但术后患者膝关节疼痛及功能仍有明显改善,从这一角度讲,对外侧髌股关节退变为AhlbackⅡ及Ⅲ级的特定人群,仍可接受UKA手术。     

髌股关节软骨损伤对Oxford单髁置换术的疗效研究

目的探讨单髁置换术对膝前内侧骨关节炎合并髌股关节软骨损伤患者术后疗效的影响。方法选择自2016年3月至2018年8月期间,山西医科大学附属人民医院骨科关节微创病区完成的单髁置换病例67例,均因为膝前内侧骨关节炎就诊,所有病例均为单侧膝关节置换。其中男19例,女48例;年龄51~84岁,平均(64.67±8.37)岁;左膝41例,右膝26例;身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)19.56~30.47kg/m 2,平均(25.27±2.56)kg/m 2;病程为0.5~20.0年,平均(5.08±4.83)年。术中通过Outerbridge分级记录观察到的髌股关节软骨损伤并进行分组,术后随访通过牛津膝关节评分(oxford knee score,OKS)、Lonner髌股关节评分评价术后疗效、髌股关节疼痛及功能改善情况,对术前及术后随访的评分分别进行统计学分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果所有患者均完成随访,随访时间12~25个月,平均(18.12±3.68)个月;OKS评分由术前平均(44.42±4.86)分降低至术后平均(21.46±4.64)分(P<0.01);Lonner疼痛评分由术前平均(29.91±2.48)分提高至术后平均(49.54±2.42)分(P<0.01);Lonner功能评分由术前平均(23.17±1.40)分提高至术后平均(38.89±1.41分)(P<0.01)。术中观察发现35膝(52%)合并内侧髌股关节软骨损伤病例,与无髌股关节软骨损伤病例(32膝)相比,术后髌股关节疼痛感及功能均得到改善,术后1、3、6、12个月OKS评分、Lonner疼痛与功能评分对比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论术中证实的内侧髌股关节软骨损伤并不影响Oxford单髁置换术短期疗效。单髁置换术可作为合并内侧髌股关节软骨损伤的膝前内侧骨关节炎患者的治疗方式。     

人工髌股关节置换术的早中期随访研究

目的探讨人工髌股关节置换术治疗重度髌股关节骨关节炎的早中期疗效。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2020年12月行髌股关节置换术的严重髌股关节骨关节炎患者64例(80膝), 男9例(12膝)、女55例(68膝);年龄(60.50±8.82)岁(范围27～82岁)。术前膝关节X线片提示髌股关节退变均为Kellgren-Lawrence Ⅳ级, 内外侧胫股间室无明显退变。单侧髌股关节置换48例, 双侧髌股关节置换16例, 其中同期双侧髌股关节置换9例、分次行双侧髌股关节置换7例。对术后随访5年以上的患者采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale, VAS)、纽约特种外科医院(Hospital for Special Surgery, HSS)膝关节评分及牛津膝关节评分(Oxford knee score, OKS)评估临床疗效;测量手术前后膝关节髌骨轴位X线片上髌骨倾斜角和站立位双下肢全长正位X线片上髋-膝-踝角;观察有无切口感染、假体周围感染、深静脉血栓形成、假体松动、磨损及胫股间室严重骨关节炎等并发症。结果 64例患者随访(4.31±1.79)年(范围1.5～8.2...     

髌股关节退变对Oxford内侧单髁置换疗效的影响

目的本研究对因膝关节前内侧关节炎进行Oxford单髁置换的中国患者前瞻性收集数据和术中观察髌股关节情况,并探讨这一结论的正确性。方法研究包括本单位从2009年8月至2011年5月连续进行的50例（45例患者）单髁置换病例。术前记录膝关节疼痛的部位,放射学检查发现的髌股关节退变用Ahlback系统分级。对于术中观察到的股骨滑车软骨磨损情况用Weidow5级分级系统记录,其将软骨状况从无磨损到全层磨损分为0至Ⅳ级。在术后1年随访是用Hospitalfor Special Surgery膝关节评分系统和自我满意度评分对临床疗效进行评定。结果术前放射学检查发现17膝（34％）存在髌股关节退变。术中观察发现27膝（54％）存在股骨滑车软骨面磨损,其中19例（38％）位于滑车沟偏内侧,6例（12％）位于滑车沟中央,1例（2％）位于滑车沟偏外侧,共有3例（6％）全层软骨磨损,2例（4％）位于滑车沟偏内侧,1例（2％）位于滑车沟偏外侧。不论是放射学发现的髌股关节退变还是术中发现软骨磨损病例与髌股关节相对正常病例相比,临床疗效没有显著性差异。结论术前放射学发现的髌股关节退变和术中发现髌股关节软骨磨损均不能作为Oxford内侧单髁置换的反指征。因外侧髌股关节退变的相关数据较少,对这类患者选择单髁置换时应慎重。     

运用微创髌旁内侧入路行内侧单髁膝关节置换术

目的：评价运用微创髌旁内侧入路行内侧单髁膝关节置换术的临床效果。方法前瞻性分析2009年1月至2013年12月在广州市正骨医院膝关节外科用微创髌旁内侧入路行内侧单髁置换的41例患者（41膝）,手术均采用Biomet Oxford Ⅲ骨水泥型人工单髁假体,随访时间最少12个月。根据术前Kujala膝前痛评分将所有病例分为膝前痛组（19例）和对照组（22例）,记录并分析其手术前后的膝关节活动度,HSS评分及Kujala膝前痛评分,以评价其手术前后膝关节尤其是髌股关节功能的恢复程度。结果两组的术前和术后HSS评分、Kujala膝前痛评分存在统计学差异,膝前痛组的分值更低。两组术后HSS评分的提高程度无统计学差异,而Kujala膝前痛评分的提高则是膝前痛组更显著。结论运用微创髌旁内侧入路行内侧单髁膝关节置换术安全可行,创伤小,疗效良好,术中可观察、处理髌股关节病变,甚至改善髌骨轨迹,提示该入路对内侧间室合并髌股关节病变的患者更加适合。     

膝关节外侧间室软骨退变对膝关节内侧单髁置换手术的影响

目的探讨膝关节合并外侧间室软骨轻度退变是否可行膝关节单髁置换术(UKA)及3.0T MRI在UKA病例选择的应用。方法笔者自2013-11—2015-08共诊治60例膝关节外侧间室软骨退变,根据术前X线片检查结果的Kellgren-Lawrence分级进行分组。A组:内侧间室软骨退变≥3级,前交叉韧带无明显损伤,外侧间室和髌股关节软骨退变0级,行UKA;B组:内侧软骨≥3级,外侧软骨1级。再通过膝关节3.0T MRI的Recht分级、美国医学会关节韧带损伤分度结果分组,B1组:内侧软骨≥Ⅲ级,外侧软骨损伤Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,关节韧带无明显损伤,行UKA;B2组:内侧软骨≥Ⅲ级,可合并外侧软骨损伤Ⅱ级、关节韧带≥Ⅰ°,行全膝关节置换术。结果共43例行UKA。UKA术后所有随访平均11.8(6~18)个月。A组(35例)、B1组(8例)末次随访KSS评分均较术前有所改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。对2组间术后疼痛评分比较行方差齐性检验,方差不齐,差异无统计学意义(F=2.770,P=0.102);对2组术后功能评分比较行方差齐性检验,方差不齐,差异无统计学意义(F=1.102,P=0.299)。结论膝关节内侧间室软骨严重退变合并外侧间室软骨Ⅰ~Ⅱ级退变对UKA术后短期疗效未见明显影响。     

胫骨高位截骨术对髌股关节软骨病变的影响

目的研究胫骨内侧高位截骨术对髌股关节软骨病变的影响。方法回顾性分析自2014年1月至2018年12月诊断为膝骨关节炎合并髌股关节Iwano分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级的86例患者,行关节镜及胫骨内侧高位截骨术,比较术后髌股关节的软骨改变。所有患者术前查体均为膝内侧疼痛,无髌股关节疼痛,膝正位X线片示内侧间室骨关节炎,髌骨轴位、侧位X线片可见髌股间隙变窄。术中使用关节镜探查髌股关节时,根据国际软骨修复协会软骨损伤分级(international cartilage repair society, ICRS)将患者分为A组35例(ICRS 0～Ⅰ级),其中男性9例,女性26例,平均年龄(55.66±4.66)岁;B组51例(ICRSⅡ～Ⅲ级),其中男性21例,女性30例,平均年龄(55.90±4.44)岁。所有患者均进行胫骨内侧高位截骨矫正力线,建议截骨处愈合后再次手术取出内固定钢板。比较两组患者在初次截骨手术和再次取出内固定手术时视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale, VAS)、西大略湖麦克马斯特大学(Western Ontario and McMaster universities, WOMAC)骨关节炎指数评分和髌股关节Kujala评分差异;比较每组患者在截骨前后的Iwano分级和镜下ICRS分级差异。结果两组患者在初次截骨术和再次取出内固定手术时VAS评分、WOMAC评分骨关节炎指数评分和Kujala评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);每组患者截骨手术前后对比,术后髌股关节ICRS分级较术前有增长趋势,但Iwano分级和镜下ICRS分级比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。非劣性检验Kujala评分结果表明B组术后评分并不比A组差。结论对于内翻膝骨关节炎无髌股关节症状的患者,如果髌股关节软骨分级为ICRS 0～Ⅲ级,仍然可采取胫骨内侧高位截骨术,短期不会加重髌股关节炎的临床症状,且功能评分得到改善。     

Oxford Ⅲ单髁系统治疗膝关节内侧间室退变的中期疗效

目的评价OxfordⅢ单髁系统治疗膝关节内侧间室退变的中期临床疗效。方法 2008年12月-2010年8月,收治26例(32膝)膝关节内侧间室退变患者,其中11例(14膝)获2年以上随访。男7例(9膝),女4例(5膝);年龄50～74岁,平均62.4岁。左侧6膝,右侧8膝。均为退行性关节炎,病程5～23年,平均11.6年。患者均有明确关节内侧间室负重疼痛和压痛。内侧间室骨性关节炎根据Ahlback分期标准,Ⅱ期4膝,Ⅲ期10膝。膝关节均伴内翻畸形;无主、被动屈伸活动受限。手术取髌内侧旁切口,采用OxfordⅢ单髁系统行膝关节内侧间室单髁置换手术。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。术后1～3个月5例出现切口下方局部鹅足疼痛症状,给予保守治疗,术后6个月复查症状均消失。术后11例(14膝)均获随访,随访时间24～30个月,平均27.5个月。随访期间无假体松动、移位,对侧间室和髌股关节病变、感染等并发症发生。末次随访时膝关节学会评分系统(KSS)评分、美国西部Ontario与McMaster大学骨关节炎指数评分(WOMAC)评分、膝关节活动度与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。末次随访时股胫角较术前改善(P<0.05),但仍为轻度内翻;胫骨平台内翻角较术前有所增大,但无统计学意义(P>0.05);胫骨内髁后倾角明显较术前减小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 OxfordⅢ单髁系统治疗膝关节内侧间室退变中期疗效满意,创伤小、恢复快;远期疗效尚需进一步观察。     

第三代Oxford单髁假体安放位置对人工单髁关节置换术近期疗效的影响北大核心CSCD

目的探讨第3代Oxford单髁假体安放位置对人工单髁关节置换术(unicompartmental knee arthroplasty,UKA)近期疗效的影响。方法将2015年9月—11月收治并符合标准的26例(26膝)膝关节前内侧骨关节炎患者纳入研究,其中15例采用单柱型假体(单柱组)、11例采用双柱型假体(双柱组)行UKA。两组患者性别、年龄、体质量指数、骨关节炎Kellgren-Lawrence分级和术前美国特种医院(HSS)评分等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随访时功能评价采用HSS评分、美国西部Ontario与McMaster大学骨关节炎评分(WOMAC)、牛津膝关节评分(OKS)和美国膝关节学会评分(KSS);组件安放位置评价采用Oxford单髁假体影像学评分,同时记录衬垫脱位等并发症发生情况。结果单柱组随访时间为24～27个月,平均26.2个月;双柱组随访时间为24～26个月,平均25.2个月。术后仅双柱组2例出现衬垫脱位。末次随访时,两组膝关节功能HSS评分、WOMAC评分、OKS评分、KSS评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。X线片测量示两组股骨组件、胫骨组件以及总体组件影像学评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。相关分析示,两组假体位置和术后关节功能间无相关性(P>0.05)。结论在一定安全范围内,第3代Oxford单髁假体安放位置对UKA近期疗效无明显影响。     

Preoperative lateral subluxation of the patella is a predictor of poor early outcome of Oxford phase-III medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

Background and purpose There is disagreement in the literature about the importance of patellofemoral joint degeneration and knee pain for the outcome of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). We therefore investigated the importance of selected predictors including patellofemoral joint degeneration and the location of preoperative knee pain for the early outcome of UKA.

Patients and methods The study group comprised 260 consecutive patients from 5 hospitals who underwent Oxford UKA for anteromedial osteoarthritis. Data were collected at baseline and included pain location, radiologically observed degeneration of the patellofemoral joint including subluxation of the patella, intraoperative cartilage status of the patellofemoral joint, disease-specific knee status, and Oxford knee score (OKS). Outcomes were evaluated after 1 year using the OKS, global patient satisfaction, and global patient result.

Results The average OKS score at baseline was 24 (SD 7), and it was 40 (SD 8) at the 1-year follow-up. 94% of the patients claimed improvement after the operation and 90% were satisfied with the UKA. Lateral subluxation of the patella was a predictor of poor outcome, and the preoperative OKS score was also a predictor of outcome. Full-thickness cartilage loss at any location gave a similar outcome to that with a normal or near-normal joint surface, and likewise, preoperative anterior knee pain was not a predictor of outcome.

Interpretation We conclude that the good early outcome after UKA in this study is in line with the best reported results. Patellofemoral degeneration should not be considered a contraindication to Oxford UKA. Patients with lateral subluxation of the patella have an increased risk of a poor result after UKA and should preferably be offered a total knee replacement.     

Preoperative lateral subluxation of the patella is a predictor of poor early outcome of Oxford phase-III medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

Background and purpose

There is disagreement in the literature about the importance of patellofemoral joint degeneration and knee pain for the outcome of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). We therefore investigated the importance of selected predictors including patellofemoral joint degeneration and the location of preoperative knee pain for the early outcome of UKA.

Patients and methods

The study group comprised 260 consecutive patients from 5 hospitals who underwent Oxford UKA for anteromedial osteoarthritis. Data were collected at baseline and included pain location, radiologically observed degeneration of the patellofemoral joint including subluxation of the patella, intraoperative cartilage status of the patellofemoral joint, disease-specific knee status, and Oxford knee score (OKS). Outcomes were evaluated after 1 year using the OKS, global patient satisfaction, and global patient result.

Results

The average OKS score at baseline was 24 (SD 7), and it was 40 (SD 8) at the 1-year follow-up. 94% of the patients claimed improvement after the operation and 90% were satisfied with the UKA. Lateral subluxation of the patella was a predictor of poor outcome, and the preoperative OKS score was also a predictor of outcome. Full-thickness cartilage loss at any location gave a similar outcome to that with a normal or near-normal joint surface, and likewise, preoperative anterior knee pain was not a predictor of outcome.

Interpretation

We conclude that the good early outcome after UKA in this study is in line with the best reported results. Patellofemoral degeneration should not be considered a contraindication to Oxford UKA. Patients with lateral subluxation of the patella have an increased risk of a poor result after UKA and should preferably be offered a total knee replacement.There is no consensus about the indications for choosing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) instead of total knee arthroplasty. Kozinn and Scott (1989) accepted only minor degenerative changes in the patellofemoral joint, and anterior knee pain—thought to be a sign of significant patellofemoral involvement—has also been an exclusion criterion (Stern et al. 1993). Berger et al. (2004) stated that patients with clinical, radiographic, or intraoperative evidence of patellofemoral arthrosis are not appropriate candidates for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. However, the Oxford Group recommended that the state of the patellofemoral joint should be ignored when deciding whether or not to use UKA (Goodfellow et al. 1986, 2006). A recent paper by the Oxford group (Beard et al. 2007a) demonstrated that anterior knee pain or damage to the patellofemoral joint (provided that there is not bone loss and grooving of the lateral facet) is not a contraindication for Oxford UKA, while caution should be observed in cases with lateral patellofemoral joint degeneration. In these cases, a TKR should be preferred to avoid clinical failure.Here we describe early outcome after Oxford phase-III UKA. We also investigated the importance of selected predictors—including patellofemoral joint degeneration, subluxation of the patella, and the location of preoperative knee pain—for early outcome.     

Patterns of Compartment Involvement in End‐stage Knee Osteoarthritis in a Chinese Orthopedic Center: Implications for Implant Choice

Objectives

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent disease in the elderly, causing pain and contributing to poor quality of life. Surgical intervention, such as knee arthroplasty, can be used in those with end‐stage knee OA. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most common surgical procedures for end‐stage knee OA, with promising clinical outcomes. However, a large proportion of patients with isolated compartment OA can be treated with unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) instead. UKA has shown better patient‐reported functional outcomes, and lower mortality and major complication rates than TKA. The percentage of UKA in knee arthroplasty varied in different orthopedic centers, and we believed that the requirement for UKA was underestimated in many centers. A retrospective study was carried out on our Chinese patient population presenting for knee arthroplasty; it aimed to identify the proportion of patients that might be suitable for UKA.

Methods

A retrospective cross‐sectional study of 155 consecutive patients (168 knees) awaiting TKA for end‐stage primary OA was performed. The pattern and grade of OA was recorded from preoperative weight‐bearing anteroposterior and non‐weight‐bearing lateral radiographs. The medial, lateral, patellofemoral compartment was given an individual Kellgren–Lawrence grade on the radiographs, and those grade ≥3 were defined as end‐stage OA. The compartments involvement was established then. The integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) was determined by the modified Keyes classification on lateral radiographs. The applicability for total or partial knee arthroplasty was determined according to the compartments involvement.

Results

Medial compartment involvement was found in 154 (91.7%) knees, while the involvement of the lateral compartment and patellofemoral joint was found in 54 (32.1%) and 57 (33.9%) knees, respectively. Eighty‐one (48.2%) of the knees showed medial compartment OA with or without patellofemoral joint involvement, and modified Keyes classification grade 1, indicating an intact ACL, and, hence, potential suitability for medial UKA. Isolated lateral OA indicating possible suitability for lateral UKA was identified in 11 knees (6.5%). No patients showed isolated patellofemoral joint OA. The other 76 (45.2%) knees could be treated by TKA.

Conclusions

The medial compartment was the most commonly affected in our Chinese patients indicated for knee arthroplasty. More than half of the patients in this group could be treated by either medial or lateral UKA.

     

单髁置换与全膝关节置换治疗单间室膝骨关节炎临床对比研究

目的探讨膝关节单髁置换术(UKA)与全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗单间室膝关节骨关节炎近中期疗效。 方法随访2014年3月至2016年3月于南通大学附属医院骨关节科进行治疗的年龄大于60岁可应力下矫正内翻畸形的内侧单间室骨关节炎患者,不包括严重骨质疏松、多间室病变的骨关节炎患者。其中接受膝关节单髁置换术(UKA)23例,全膝关节置换术(TKA)27例。收集两组的美国特种外科医院(HSS)膝关节评分、术中出血、Hb下降、疼痛评分、膝关节屈曲至90°所需天数等计量资料,采用t检验对两组计量资料进行比较。采用重复测量方差分析,对两组患者术前术后的HSS评分、疼痛评分进行分析。进一步采用配对样本t检验对同一组手术前后的HSS评分、疼痛评分比较。P<0.05有统计学意义。 结果UKA组23名患者中22例获得完整随访,平均时间为(17±4)个月。TKA组27例全部获得完整随访,平均时间为(15±5)个月。UKA组和TKA组均取得满意疗效,两组患者均未出现假体松动、翻修等严重并发症。HSS评分UKA组术前(64±3)分,末次随访(85±6)分(t＝－20.066,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义;TKA组术前(62±3)分,末次随访(83±5)分(t＝－22.376,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。疼痛视觉模拟评分UKA组术前(6.5±0.4)分,末次随访(1.3±0.6)分(t＝41.764,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义;TKA组术前(6.61±0.45)分,末次随访(1.5±0.5)分(t＝46.664,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。UKA组与TKA组比较,术中出血量(t＝－21.332,P<0.05)、术后3 d血红蛋白下降水平(t＝－15.470,P<0.05)、术后膝关节屈曲达90°需要天数(t＝－7.341,P<0.05),差异均有统计学意义。两组比较,末次随访HSS评分(P>0.05)、疼痛视觉模拟评分(P>0.05),无统计学意义。 结论在把握好适应证的情况下,单髁置换治疗单间室膝骨关节炎可取得与全膝关节置换相似的近中期疗效,且具有创伤更小,恢复更快等优点。     

The mid-term clinical results of the phase 3 Oxford unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: a 6- to 8-year follow-up

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is widely performed in the United Kingdom for the management of patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis of the medial compartment of the tibiofemoral joint. A limited number of papers have presented the findings of mid-term clinical and survival data with sufficiently large patient numbers following mobile-bearing UKA. The purpose of this study was to present the 6- to 8-year follow-up data on a series of 230 minimally invasive medial Oxford Phase 3 mobile-bearing UKAs in our institution. Data on surgical procedure, postoperative rehabilitation requirement, complications, revision procedures and Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Short Form-12 (SF-12) and visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores were analysed. The results indicated that the majority of patient’s recoveries were uneventful, with 96% experiencing no postoperative complications. The mean OKS, VAS pain and SF-12 scores indicated good functional outcomes and acceptable perceived general health for this age group. Twenty-one patients underwent revision surgery, indicating a survival rate of 85% (95% CI: 0.76–0.91) during the 6- to 8-year follow-up period. The most frequently cited indication for revision was due to progression of osteoarthritis to the lateral component. To conclude, this series indicated that the mobile-bearing Oxford UKA provides good clinical outcomes at 6- to 8-year follow-up, with minimal requirement for postoperative rehabilitation, few complications and an acceptable survivorship in the mid-term.     

Two Year Follow-up of the Preservation Unicompartmental Knee Implant

Reported results of unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA) have mixed reviews in comparison with results of tri-compartmental knee arthroplasty (TKA). We prospectively evaluated the short-term results (2 years) of a newer design of a UKA implant (Preservation UKA) with a cobalt–chromium femoral component and an all polyethylene tibial component. Seventy-two patients with intact ligaments and loss of only medial articular cartilage received the Preservation prosthesis. Data were obtained using WOMAC, Knee Society score (KSS), and standard radiographs. WOMAC scores improved by 24 points and KSS improved by 33 points at 2-year follow-up. Mean flexion increased by 4° to126° at 2 years. On X-ray, only one patient had a radiolucency. No fractures occurred. Two knees were revised due to clinical symptoms of medial compartment pain. This 2-year follow-up study of the Preservation UKA shows promising early results. Long-term data would be necessary to compare results with TKA or other unicompartmental replacements.     

Does preoperative patellofemoral joint state affect medial unicompartmental arthroplasty survival?

One contested contraindication to medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has been status of the patellofemoral joint. Surgeons have avoided UKA when the patellofemoral joint has radiographic evidence of arthritic changes. However, recent studies advocate ignoring patellofemoral joint status when considering UKA. The purpose of this study was to compare the failure rate of mobile-bearing, medial UKA in patients with and without preoperative radiographic evidence of patellofemoral joint degeneration. Preoperative radiographs from a random selection of 503 patients (638 knees) treated with UKA for anteromedial osteoarthritis were assessed by an observer blinded to clinical outcome. The patellofemoral joint was graded using the modified Altman classification from 0 to 3 with 0 being no evidence of changes and 3 being severe, and identified 396 grade 0, 168 grade 1, 65 grade 2, and 9 grade 3 knees. At 1- to 7-year follow-up, there have been 17 revisions for overall survivorship of 97.3%. Kaplan-Meier analysis predicted 97.9% survival in knees with patellofemoral joint disease and 93.8% survival in knees without patellofemoral joint disease at 70 months (P=.1). Failure requiring revision occurred in 3.5% (14/396) of grade 0 knees, 1.2% (2/168) of grade 1, 1.5% (1/65) of grade 2, and 0% (0/9) of grade 3. No survival difference was noted between knees with medial or lateral patellofemoral joint disease (P=.1). No knees were revised for progression of disease in the patellofemoral joint or anterior knee pain. In light of this investigation and the work of others, preoperative radiographic changes in the patellofemoral joint can be safely ignored when considering patients for medial UKA without compromising survivorship.     

Erfahrungen mit medialen monokondylären Prothesen mit mobilem Plateau

Background

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has become an accepted therapy for medial osteoarthritis. The main reasons for its popularity are the minimally invasive surgical technique and the reports of excellent long-term results including high patient satisfaction and good knee joint function especially in younger patients.

Objectives

The purpose of our retrospective study was to evaluate the physical activities of patients who had undergone an Oxford III medial UKA. Special attention was paid to implant positioning and osteoarthritis of the patellofemoral joint.

Materials and methods

Of 181 implanted Oxford III prosthesis, 136 (75.1%) could be followed up. The mean age at time of surgery was 65.2 years; the average time of follow-up was 4.2 years. In addition to a physical examination and x-ray, the following scores were obtained: WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index), OKS (Oxford Knee Score), KSS (Knee Society Score), UCLA activity and the Turba score.

Results

The majority of the patients (81%) returned to their sporting activity following knee surgery. Higher complication rates or progression of osteoarthritis associated with sporting activities were not observed. The active patients had significantly higher scores for the OKS, KSS, WOMAC, and UCLA scores. The correct implant position, especially avoiding overcorrection to valgus malalignment, is important for good clinical outcome.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that a high degree of patient satisfaction in terms of physical and sporting activity can be achieved using the Oxford III UKA for medial osteoarthritis without an increased risk for complications.