髂筋膜间隙阻滞复合髂腹下-髂腹股沟神经阻滞在患儿髋脱位术后早期镇痛的效果

目的观察髂筋膜间隙阻滞复合髂腹下-髂腹股沟神经阻滞在患儿髋脱位手术术后早期镇痛的效果。方法选择首次行单侧发育性髋脱位手术患儿40例,年龄2~6岁,随机均分为两组:F组采用髂筋膜间隙阻滞复合髂腹下-髂腹股沟神经阻滞,C组行单纯髂筋膜间隙阻滞,神经阻滞在超声引导下进行。记录送入PACU即刻(T0)、术后1h(T1)、2h(T2)、4h(T3)、6h(T4)的FLACC评分,手术时间、PACU停留时间及在PACU期间芬太尼追加例数,记录术后不良反应的发生情况。结果与C组比较,T0~T3时F组FLACC评分明显降低(P0.05)。F组PACU停留时间明显短于C组(P0.05)。在PACU停留期间F组有3例(15%),C组有8例(40%)追加芬太尼,差异无统计学意义。术后F组4例(20%),C组2例(10%)发生恶心呕吐,差异无统计学意义。结论与单纯髂筋膜间隙阻滞比较,髂筋膜间隙阻滞复合髂腹下-髂腹股沟神经阻滞用于患儿髋脱位手术,术后早期镇痛效果更好。     

超声引导下髂筋膜腔隙阻滞对全髋关节置换术患者术后镇痛的效果

目的 评价超声引导下髂筋膜腔隙阻滞对全髋关节置换术患者术后镇痛的效果.方法 择期行全髋关节置换术患者36例,年龄54～82岁,体重48～72 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组(n=18):生理盐水组(NS组)和罗哌卡因组(R组).手术结束后30 min内行患侧超声引导下髂筋膜腔隙阻滞.R组髂筋膜腔隙注射0.25％罗哌卡因30 ml;NS组注射等容量生理盐水.阻滞完成后,采用0.01 mg/ml芬太尼行PCIA,无背景输注,PCA量2ml,锁定时间15 min.于阻滞前即刻(T0)、阻滞后3 h(T1)、6 h(T2)、8 h(T3)、12 h(T4)、24 h(T5)、48 h(T6)和72 h(T7)时,记录静态VAS评分;于T4、T5、T6和T7时,记录被动运动VAS评分;于T5、T6和T7时,记录主动运动VAS评分.记录阻滞后0～12h、12～24 h、24～48 h、48～ 72 h各时段内芬太尼用量.记录术后不良反应的发生情况.结果 与NS组比较,R组T1～T7时静态VAS评分、T4～T7时被动运动VAS评分和T5～T7时主动运动VAS评分均降低,各时段芬太尼用量减少(P＜0.05).两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 全髋关节置换术患者超声引导下髂筋膜腔隙阻滞的镇痛效果好,安全性良好.     

不同方式超声引导连续髂筋膜阻滞在髋关节置换术后镇痛效果

目的 对两种不同方式超声引导连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞在髋关节置换术后镇痛效果进行评价。方法 采用前瞻性随机对照研究,纳入新疆医科大学第六附属医院于2016年3月至2017年10月收治的腰-硬联合阻滞麻醉下人工全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty, THA）术后病人60例,男29例,女31例,年龄为65~83岁,平均（66.78±9.32）岁。按照数字随机法分为：①腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜阻滞组（上髂筋膜组）30例,男17例,女13例,年龄为65~84岁,平均（66.13±9.16）岁;②腹股沟韧带下髂筋膜阻滞组（下髂筋膜组）30例,男12例,女18例,年龄为65~82岁,平均（65.80±8.13）岁。在超声引导下行髂筋膜连续神经阻滞后镇痛,设置两组镇痛泵的局部麻醉药物均为0.2%的罗哌卡因200 ml,负荷量20 ml,置管成功后注入,背景量为0。病人自控镇痛（patient controlled analgesia, PCA）10 ml/次,锁定时间为1 h。对病人的静息疼痛、持续性被动疼痛和主观性疼痛等疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale, VAS）评分进行记录,对病人的阻滞效果、曲马多用量以及病人满意度进行评价。结果 上髂筋膜组的手术时间为（70.4±12.1） min,下髂筋膜组为（70.8±10.3） min,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。在静息状态、主被动VAS评分方面,上髂筋膜组均优于下髂筋膜组;上髂筋膜组病人阻滞后各时间点股外侧皮神经支配区的感觉阻滞程度和曲马多使用量优于下髂筋膜组,以上指标比较,两组差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。两组病人阻滞后各时间点股神经阻滞率和术后镇痛满意度比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论 THA术后采用超声引导下浓度为0.2%罗哌卡因,在THA术后镇痛效果上,腹股沟韧带上连续髂筋膜阻滞明显优于腹股沟韧带下连续髂筋膜神经阻滞。     

超声引导下连续改良腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜阻滞对全髋关节置换术后镇痛效果的影响

目的观察超声引导下连续改良腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜阻滞在全髋关节置换术后的镇痛效果。方法择期全麻下行单侧全髋关节置换术患者60例,男33例,女27例,年龄60～86岁,体重44～82 kg,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法将患者随机分为两组:超声引导下连续改良腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜阻滞组(E组)和静脉自控镇痛组(C组)。E组在全麻诱导前行改良腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜阻滞后留置导管,术后导管接电子泵行连续阻滞镇痛;C组术后使用PCIA。记录术后2、4、6、12、24、36、48 h静息和活动时VAS疼痛评分、曲马多补救镇痛情况、首次下床活动时间、术后镇痛满意度评分和不良反应的发生情况。结果术后1～48 h E组活动时VAS疼痛评分明显低于C组(P0.05),术后1～36 h E组静息时VAS疼痛评分明显低于C组(P0.05)。E组使用曲马多补救镇痛例数明显少于C组[4例(13%) vs 14例(47%),P0.05],首次下床活动时间明显短于C组[(24.2±1.8) h vs (39.7±1.7) h,P0.05],术后镇痛满意度评分明显高于C组[(9.0±0.6)分vs (6.1±0.8)分,P0.05],恶心呕吐发生率明显低于C组[3例(10%) vs 11例(37%),P0.05]。结论超声引导下连续改良腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜阻滞能提供良好的镇痛,促进患者早期功能锻炼和康复,可作为一种新型的镇痛方式应用于全髋关节置换术后患者的镇痛。     

髂筋膜腔隙连续阻滞麻醉在老年髋关节术后镇痛的应用分析

目的研究髂筋膜腔隙连续阻滞麻醉在老年髋关节术后镇痛的应用效果。方法选择本院接诊的60例进行髋关节置换术的老年患者作为研究对象,根据入院ID随机均分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。对照组采用术后患者经静脉自控镇痛,观察组应用髂筋膜腔隙连续阻滞。比较术后所有患者静息与运动时的VAS疼痛度评分、并发症情况及住院时间和花费。结果术后6、12、24、48小时,静息VAS疼痛度均无显著性差异(P0.05),观察组患者的运动VAS疼痛度明显比对照组轻(P0.05);观察组术后并发症的发生率为13.33%,对照组为36.66%,观察组术后并发症发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组的住院时间明显比对照组要短(P0.05),观察组的医疗花费明显比对照组要少(P0.05)。结论髂筋膜腔隙连续阻滞能够减弱老年患者进行髋关节手术后的运动疼痛,降低并发症发生率,得在临床推广应用。     

超声引导下以旋髂深动脉为标记的髂腹股沟-髂腹下神经阻滞在老年斜疝手术中的应用

目的探讨超声引导下以旋髂深动脉为标记的髂腹股沟-髂腹下神经阻滞在老年斜疝手术中的临床应用效果。方法选择择期行斜疝手术的老年患者40例,男33例,女7例,年龄65~90岁,ASAⅠ~Ⅲ级,随机分为两组,每组20例。T组采用传统髂腹股沟-髂腹下神经阻滞解剖定位方法;V组采用超声引导下以旋髂深动脉为标记的髂腹股沟-髂腹下神经阻滞。记录神经阻滞起效时间,术中、术后6h VAS评分,麻醉满意度以及尿潴留、误入血管等并发症的发生情况。结果 V组神经阻滞起效时间明显短于T组[(6.1±1.8)min vs(12.1±2.0)min,P0.05];T组术中VAS评分明显高于V组[(4.5±1.1)分vs(2.1±0.9)分,P0.05]。术后6h两组VAS评分差异无统计学意义;V组麻醉满意度明显高于T组(P0.05)。两组均未出现尿潴留,T组有1例误入血管。结论超声引导下以旋髂深动脉为标记的髂腹股沟-髂腹下神经阻滞能为老年斜疝手术患者提供安全、有效、可靠的麻醉。     

七氟醚麻醉下右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因行髂腹下/髂腹股沟神经阻滞的效果

目的观察七氟醚麻醉下右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因行髂腹下/髂腹股沟神经阻滞在老年患者腹股沟疝手术中的效果。方法选择择期行腹股沟无张力疝修补术老年男性患者60例,年龄65~75岁,体重55~75kg,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法将患者分为右美托咪定组(D组)和对照组(C组),每组30例。患者术中吸入七氟醚,保留自主呼吸,并行超声引导下髂腹下/髂腹股沟神经阻滞,其中D组为右美托咪定1μg/kg+0.375%罗哌卡因20ml,C组为0.375%罗哌卡因20ml。记录感觉阻滞起效时间及镇痛持续时间,观察术后不良反应的发生情况。结果 D组感觉阻滞起效时间明显短于C组[(10.6±4.3)min vs(14.4±5.1)min,P0.05],镇痛持续时间明显长于C组[(832.7±136.6)min vs(669.8±140.1)min,P0.05]。D组术中有2例(6.7%)患者发生心动过缓。术后所有患者均未发生麻醉相关不良反应。结论右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因应用于超声引导下髂腹下/髂腹股沟神经阻滞可缩短感觉阻滞起效时间,延长术后镇痛持续时间。     

改良髂筋膜间隙阻滞在股骨骨折术中的效果

目的探讨超声引导下改良髂筋膜间隙阻滞在股骨骨折患者手术中的麻醉和镇痛效果。方法选取股骨骨折手术患者203例为研究对象,分为对照组101例、观察组102例。两组患者均给与全麻,对照组患者全麻后给予超声引导下髂筋膜间隙阻滞,观察组患者全麻后给予超声引导下改良髂筋膜间隙阻滞。比较两组患者术后疼痛情况、麻醉效果、不良反应。结果术后2小时、术后6小时观察组VAS疼痛评分明显低于对照组(P0.05);观察组瑞芬太尼用量、完全苏醒时间、术后镇痛补救次数明显低于对照组(P0.05);观察组不良反应发生率5.88%略低于对照组11.88%(P0.05)。结论超声引导下改良髂筋膜间隙阻滞对股骨骨折手术患者具有较好的镇痛和麻醉效果,不良反应较少。     

超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞用于剖宫产患者超前镇痛的效果

目的 评价超声引导下腹横肌平面(transversus abdominis plane,TAP)阻滞用于剖宫产患者超前镇痛的效果.方法 采用前瞻性、随机对照研究设计.择期行剖宫产患者90例,年龄20～39岁,体重50～80 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法分为3组(每组30例):对照组(Ⅰ组)、术前TAP阻滞组(Ⅱ组)、术后TAP阻滞组(Ⅲ组).Ⅰ组不实施TAP阻滞,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组分别于麻醉诱导前即刻和手术结束时即刻在超声引导下行双侧TAP阻滞.记录术后2、4、12、24 h和48 h时点3组产妇静息状态下的VAS评分,术后24 h内舒芬太尼累积消耗量、镇痛补救率、镇痛泵按压次数,术后24 h内副作用发生情况.结果 Ⅱ组患者术后2、4h和12 h VAS评分[(2.3±0.4)、(2.4±0.4)、(2.2±0.4)分]与Ⅲ组[(3.2±0.8)、(34±0.3)、(3.1±0.5)分]比较,明显降低(P＜0.05);Ⅱ组患者术后24 h内舒芬太尼累积消耗量、镇痛补救率及镇痛泵按压次数[(40±5)μg、10％、(5.8±1.4)次]与Ⅲ组[(53±7)μg、20％、(10.3±2.6)次]比较,明显降低(P＜0.05);Ⅱ组患者术后24h内恶心呕吐发生率与Ⅲ组比较,明显降低(P＜0.05). 结论 术前超声引导下TAP阻滞对剖宫产患者具有良好的超前镇痛效应,且安全性较高.     

超声引导下改良髂筋膜间隙阻滞在老年髋部骨折患者摆放体位过程中的阻滞效果

目的观察超声引导下改良髂筋膜间隙阻滞(modified-fescia iliac compartment block,M-FICB)用于老年髋部骨折患者体位变动的镇痛效果。方法限期行手术治疗老年髋部骨折患者60例,男17例,女43例,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组:改良M-FICB组(M组)和FICB组(F组),每组30例。M组采用超声引导注射0.4%罗哌卡因5ml于闭孔神经,15ml于髂筋膜间隙;F组采用超声引导注射0.4%罗哌卡因20ml于髂筋膜间隙。两组患者20 min后进行椎管内麻醉体位摆放。记录超声引导下神经阻滞操作时间和神经阻滞起效时间。记录神经阻滞前(T_0)、神经阻滞后10min(T_1)、20min(T_2)、摆放椎管内麻醉体位时(T_3)、术后24h(T_4)VAS评分。结果 M组闭孔神经阻滞起效时间明显短于F组[(4.1±1.4)min vs(10.1±3.9)min,P0.05]。两组神经阻滞操作时间差异无统计学意义[(2.2±0.5)min vs(2.1±0.5)min]。T_1~T_3时M组VAS评分明显低于F组(P0.05);与T_0时比较,T_1~T_4时两组VAS评分明显降低(P0.05)。结论超声引导下改良髂筋膜间隙阻滞有效阻滞闭孔神经,可以减轻老年髋部骨折患者体位摆放过程中的疼痛,并降低患者术后疼痛。     

Efficacy of the fascia iliaca compartment block vs continuous epidural infusion for analgesia following total knee replacement surgery

Background and objective: Total knee replacement causes moderate to severe postoperative pain. The aim of this trial was to compare postoperative analgesia from a fascia iliaca compartment block to continuous epidural analgesia following knee arthroplasty. Patients and Methods: Clinical trial enrolling patients in American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classes 1 to 3 randomized to 2 groups. One group received spinal anesthesia plus a fascia iliaca compartment block with 0.1% bupivacaine at a rate of 10 mL/h. The second group received combined spinal-epidural anesthesia plus epidural analgesia with 0.1% bupivacaine in continuous infusion at a rate of 8 mL/h. Postoperative pain on a visual analog scale (VAS) at rest and on movement was recorded every 3 hours for the first 24 hours. Use of intravenous morphine and the adverse events were also recorded. Results: Forty patients (20 for each group) were enrolled. The distribution of age, weight, body mass index, sex, ASA class, duration of surgery, use of morphine, and the incidence of adverse effects were similar in the 2 groups. Postoperative VAS scores at rest and on movement were also similar. The incidence of arterial hypotension was higher in the epidural analgesia group. Conclusions: The fascia iliaca compartment block and continuous epidural infusion are similarly efficient in providing postoperative analgesia for patients after total knee replacement. The fascia iliaca compartment block is associated with a lower incidence of postoperative hemodynamic complications. Early, safe rehabilitation is facilitated by both analgesic techniques.     

Bloqueio dos nervos ílio‐hipogástrico/ilioinguinal em correção de hérnia inguinal para tratamento da dor no pós‐operatório: comparação entre a técnica de marcos anatômicos e a guiada por ultrassom

Objectives

The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of iliohypogastric/ilioinguinal nerve blocks performed with the ultrasound guided and the anatomical landmark techniques for postoperative pain management in cases of adult inguinal herniorrhaphy.

Methods

40 patients, ASA I–II status were randomized into two groups equally: in Group AN (anatomical landmark technique) and in Group ultrasound (ultrasound guided technique), iliohypogastric/ilioinguinal nerve block was performed with 20 ml of 0.5% levobupivacaine prior to surgery with the specified techniques. Pain score in postoperative assessment, first mobilization time, duration of hospital stay, score of postoperative analgesia satisfaction, opioid induced side effects and complications related to block were assessed for 24 h postoperatively.

Results

VAS scores at rest in the recovery room and all the clinical follow‐up points were found significantly less in Group ultrasound (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001). VAS scores at movement in the recovery room and all the clinical follow‐up points were found significantly less in Group ultrasound (p < 0.001 in all time points). While duration of hospital stay and the first mobilization time were being found significantly shorter, analgesia satisfaction scores were found significantly higher in ultrasound Group (p < 0.05, p < 0.001, p < 0.001 respectively).

Conclusion

According to our study, US guided iliohypogastric/ilioinguinal nerve block in adult inguinal herniorrhaphies provides a more effective analgesia and higher satisfaction of analgesia than iliohypogastric/ilioinguinal nerve block with the anatomical landmark technique. Moreover, it may be suggested that the observation of anatomical structures with the US may increase the success of the block, and minimize the block‐related complications.     

Tramadol for pain relief in children undergoing herniotomy: a comparison with ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric blocks

BACKGROUND: Prevention of postoperative pain in children is one of the most important objectives of the anesthesiologist. Preoperative ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve blocks have been widely used to provide analgesia in children undergoing herniorrhaphy. Tramadol is an analgesic with micro-opioid and nonopioid activity. In this study we compared the usage of intravenous tramadol with ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve blocks for control of post-herniorrhaphy pain in children aged 2-7 years. METHODS: Sixty patients were randomly allocated to two groups of thirty. One group received tramadol 1.5 mg.kg(-1) i.v. before induction of general anesthesia and the other had an ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve block with 0.5% bupivacaine (0.25 ml.kg(-1)) before skin incision. We assessed pain using the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale and the Categorical Pain Scale. RESULTS: At 1, 4 and 24 h after surgery the two groups had identical pain scores. At 2 and 3 h after surgery the tramadol group experienced significantly less pain (P < 0.05). The rescue drug for residual pain, was used equally in the two groups. None of the 60 patients had respiratory depression but the tramadol group patients were found to have more episodes of nausea and vomiting (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that tramadol can have at least the same analgesic effect as that of ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve blocks for post-herniorrhaphy pain in children, with even a superior effect at the time of maximal analgesia. We also highlight the troublesome side-effect of nausea and vomiting which brings into question the benefits of using this opioid that seems to lack respiratory depression.     

Comparison of femoral nerve block and fascia iliaca block for analgesia following reconstructive knee surgery in adolescents

Study ObjectiveTo compare the femoral nerve block with the fascia iliaca block for postoperative analgesia in adolescents undergoing reconstructive knee surgery.DesignRandomized, single-blinded study.SettingFull-service pediatric medical center.Patients23 ASA physical status I and II patients, aged 8 to 16 years, undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair.InterventionsPatients received either fascia iliaca or femoral nerve block prior to reconstructive surgery.MeasurementsPain scores by visual analog scale (VAS; 0-10) and morphine use were routinely recorded through to discharge from the hospital. Pain scores were assessed on days 1 and 2 at home post-discharge.Main resultsThere was no difference between the femoral nerve block and the fascia iliaca nerve block in VAS pain scores or postoperative morphine consumption.ConclusionEither the femoral nerve block or the fascia iliaca block, followed by patient-controlled analgesia with morphine, provides efficacious analgesia for adolescents undergoing ACL reconstruction.     

Paediatric post orchidopexy analgesia—effect of diclofenac combined with ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block

Summary
When ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve blockade is used to provide postoperative analgesia after paediatric orchidopexy, supplemental analgesia may be required postoperatively. Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal analgesic which produces effective analgesia after tonsillectomy. We examined the effect of combining diclofenac with inguinal field block for post orchidopexy analgesia. Following induction of anaesthesia, group 1 ( n = 25) received ilioinguinal block and rectal diclofenac (2 mg·kg⁻¹) and group 2 ( n = 25) received ilioinguinal block alone. Objective pain scores were assessed for the first three h postoperatively and the incidence of postoperative rescue analgesia, noted. Pain scores were significantly less in group 1 at 45, 60, 90 and 120 min postop ( P < 0.05). The postoperative analgesic requirement was significantly lower in the diclofenac group compared to control ( P < 0.05). A single administration of rectal diclofenac is a simple and effective method of significantly improving analgesia associated with inguinal field block, after paediatric orchidopexy.     

A randomised,controlled, double blind,non‐inferiority trial of ultrasound‐guided fascia iliaca block vs. spinal morphine for analgesia after primary hip arthroplasty

We performed a single centre, double blind, randomised, controlled, non‐inferiority study comparing ultrasound‐guided fascia iliaca block with spinal morphine for the primary outcome of 24‐h postoperative morphine consumption in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty under spinal anaesthesia with levobupivacaine. One hundred and eight patients were randomly allocated to receive either ultrasound‐guided fascia iliaca block with 2 mg.kg^?1 levobupivacaine (fascia iliaca group) or spinal morphine 100 μg plus a sham ultrasound‐guided fascia iliaca block using saline (spinal morphine group). The pre‐defined non‐inferiority margin was a median difference between the groups of 10 mg in cumulative intravenous morphine use in the first 24 h postoperatively. Patients in the fascia iliaca group received 25 mg more intravenous morphine than patients in the spinal morphine group (95% CI 9.0–30.5 mg, p < 0.001). Ultrasound‐guided fascia iliaca block was significantly worse than spinal morphine in the provision of analgesia in the first 24 h after total hip arthroplasty. No increase in side‐effects was noted in the spinal morphine group but the study was not powered to investigate all secondary outcomes.     

Systematic review of the effects of fascia iliaca compartment block on hip fracture patients before operation

Background

Fascia iliaca compartment block is used for hip fractures in order to reduce pain, the need for systemic analgesia, and prevent delirium, on this basis. This systematic review was conducted to investigate the analgesic and adverse effects of fascia iliaca block on hip fracture in adults when applied before operation.

老年腹股沟疝患者在超声引导下髂腹下与髂腹股沟腹横肌平面阻滞的麻醉效果分析

目的探讨老年腹股沟疝患者应用超声引导下横肌平面阻滞（TAPB）联合髂腹下及髂腹股沟神经阻滞的临床效果。 方法选取2017年10月至2018年10月平罗县人民医院收治的老年腹股沟疝患者60例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为试验组和对照组,各30例,对照组行常规硬膜外麻醉,试验组行超声引导下TAPB联合髂腹下及髂腹股沟神经阻滞。比较2组手术相关临床参数、围手术期血流动力学变化,记录术后苏醒躁动及追加镇痛药情况,并进行患者躁动及疼痛的评估。 结果试验组术后苏醒时间短于对照组（P<0.05）;从手术麻醉前至手术结束,试验组患者心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、血氧饱和度（SpO₂）水平均无变化（P>0.05）,对照组患者HR、MAP水平在切皮前、切皮后10 min、手术结束时均高于手术麻醉前（P<0.05）;试验组患者在上述时间点的HR、MAP水平均低于对照组（P<0.05）;试验组苏醒躁动发生率、追加镇痛药发生率和Cravero评分均低于对照组（P<0.05）;试验组患者苏醒时,术后2、4、8 h的视觉模拟量表评分（VAS）均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。 结论老年腹股沟疝患者应用超声引导下TAPB联合髂腹下及髂腹股沟神经阻滞可明显缩短苏醒时间,减少术后疼痛感,围手术期患者的血流动力学更稳定,且镇静效果好。     

Editorial Commentary: The Truth about Peripheral Nerve Blocks and Hip Arthroscopy

Peripheral nerve blocks targeting the fascia iliaca compartment have been used in attempts to improve postoperative pain after hip arthroscopy surgery. Recent level I evidence from randomized controlled trials have revealed injection of local anesthetic into the fascia iliaca compartment to be no better than sham injection for postoperative pain control, while contributing to decreased patient quadriceps strength and increased fall risk after surgery. The fascia iliaca compartment block is also inferior to local anesthetic injection at the surgery site for pain control. Results of these high-level studies show that routine preoperative use of the fascia iliaca compartment block is not recommended for hip arthroscopy.     

PROSPECT guideline for total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review and procedure-specific postoperative pain management recommendations

The aim of this systematic review was to develop recommendations for the management of postoperative pain after primary elective total hip arthroplasty, updating the previous procedure-specific postoperative pain management (PROSPECT) guidelines published in 2005 and updated in July 2010. Randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses published between July 2010 and December 2019 assessing postoperative pain using analgesic, anaesthetic, surgical or other interventions were identified from MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases. Five hundred and twenty studies were initially identified, of which 108 randomised trials and 21 meta-analyses met the inclusion criteria. Peri-operative interventions that improved postoperative pain include: paracetamol; cyclo-oxygenase-2-selective inhibitors; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; and intravenous dexamethasone. In addition, peripheral nerve blocks (femoral nerve block; lumbar plexus block; fascia iliaca block), single-shot local infiltration analgesia, intrathecal morphine and epidural analgesia also improved pain. Limited or inconsistent evidence was found for all other approaches evaluated. Surgical and anaesthetic techniques appear to have a minor impact on postoperative pain, and thus their choice should be based on criteria other than pain. In summary, the analgesic regimen for total hip arthroplasty should include pre-operative or intra-operative paracetamol and cyclo-oxygenase-2-selective inhibitors or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, continued postoperatively with opioids used as rescue analgesics. In addition, intra-operative intravenous dexamethasone 8–10 mg is recommended. Regional analgesic techniques such as fascia iliaca block or local infiltration analgesia are recommended, especially if there are contra-indications to basic analgesics and/or in patients with high expected postoperative pain. Epidural analgesia, femoral nerve block, lumbar plexus block and gabapentinoid administration are not recommended as the adverse effects outweigh the benefits. Although intrathecal morphine 0.1 mg can be used, the PROSPECT group emphasises the risks and side-effects associated with its use and provides evidence that adequate analgesia may be achieved with basic analgesics and regional techniques without intrathecal morphine.