超声洁治前不同消毒液漱口对口腔诊室空气污染的影响

目的：探讨超声洁牙治疗前患者使用3%过氧化氢、0.12%氯己定及1%碘伏3种消毒漱口液含漱对降低口腔诊室空气细菌污染的效果。方法：将研究对象分为3%过氧化氢、0.12%氯己定、1%碘伏和蒸馏水4组,在志愿者头部离口腔30 cm处放置普通琼脂平板,用空气沉降法收集细菌5 min,采集诊室超声洁治前、洁治过程中及洁治完成后10 min的空气样本,进行细菌菌落计数。结果：3%过氧化氢、0.12%氯己定及1%碘伏3种漱口液均降低了超声洁治时空气中的细菌含量,但以1%碘伏和0.12%氯己定作用最强。在洁治完成10 min后,空气中仍有较多细菌,1%碘伏组在洁治后空气中细菌残留数最少。结论：超声波洁治前应该使用0.12%氯己定或1%碘伏消毒漱口液含漱1 min以减少空气中细菌污染,同时洁治后仍需要注意防护。     

超声洁治时口腔诊室空气中细菌菌落数的检测分析

目的　探讨超声洁治前患者含漱漱口液和超声洁治时强负压吸唾的干预措施对口腔诊室空气中细菌菌落数的影响。方法　选取2019年11—12月于中山大学附属第三医院口腔科行超声洁治的患者40例，随机均分为研究组和对照组，分别在牙周治疗诊室一和诊室二进行治疗。研究组患者超声洁治前含漱0.12%氯己定漱口液，并在超声洁治时强负压吸唾；对照组患者未使用干预措施，其他步骤同研究组。采用空气自然沉降法于9：00、10：00、11：00、12：00四个时间点在诊室中进行细菌采样。在口腔综合治疗台左右两侧50、100、150 cm处设置细菌采样点，每个时间点采样5 min，培养并计算不同时间点口腔诊室空气中细菌菌落数。结果　在距口腔综合治疗台50、100、150 cm处，两组细菌菌落数均随着治疗时间的延长而增加（F值分别为6.81、6.41、7.25，均P < 0.05），其中研究组的细菌菌落数均低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（F值分别为7.62、6.93、8.05，均P < 0.05），且随着治疗时间的延长其差异越明显（F值分别为6.38、6.63、7.19，均P < 0.05）。结论　口腔诊室空气中细菌菌落数会随着治疗时间的延长而增加；超声洁治前患者含漱漱口液和超声洁治时强负压吸唾，能有效地减少诊室空气中细菌菌落数，可降低医护人员及患者之间的交叉感染。     

超声洁治时口腔诊室空气中细菌菌落数的检测分析

 目的　探讨超声洁治前患者含漱漱口液和超声洁治时强负压吸唾的干预措施对口腔诊室空气中细菌菌落数的影响。方法　选取2019年11-12月于中山大学附属第三医院口腔科行超声洁治的患者40例，随机均分为研究组和对照组，分别在牙周治疗诊室一和诊室二进行治疗。研究组患者超声洁治前含漱0.12%氯己定漱口液，并在超声洁治时强负压吸唾；对照组患者未使用干预措施，其他步骤同研究组。采用空气自然沉降法于9：00、10：00、11：00、12：00四个时间点在诊室中进行细菌采样。在口腔综合治疗台左右两侧50、100、150 cm处设置细菌采样点，每个时间点采样5 min，培养并计算不同时间点口腔诊室空气中细菌菌落数。结果　在距口腔综合治疗台50、100、150 cm处，两组细菌菌落数均随着治疗时间的延长而增加（F值分别为6.81、6.41、7.25，均P < 0.05），其中研究组的细菌菌落数均低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（F值分别为7.62、6.93、8.05，均P < 0.05），且随着治疗时间的延长其差异越明显（F值分别为6.38、6.63、7.19，均P < 0.05）。结论　口腔诊室空气中细菌菌落数会随着治疗时间的延长而增加；超声洁治前患者含漱漱口液和超声洁治时强负压吸唾，能有效地减少诊室空气中细菌菌落数，可降低医护人员及患者之间的交叉感染。     

超声洁治前含漱对减少诊室内空气细菌污染作用的研究

目的 了解复方三氯生漱口液、0.12%氯己定及3%过氧化氢等几种常用漱口液对减少超声洁治产生细菌性气溶胶的作用。方法 在志愿者头部等高离口腔30 cm处放置普通琼脂平板,用空气沉降法收集细菌2 min,经上述漱口液漱口后,分组对超声洁治前、洁治过程中及洁治完成后5 min的气雾作菌落计数。结果 3种漱口液均降低了超声洁治产生的气雾中的细菌含量,以氯己定作用最强。3种漱口液漱口后,洁治过程中空气中的细菌分别为1 467.95,871.35,1 515.05 CFU/m3,蒸馏水对照组为2 818.15 CFU/m3。在洁治完成5 min后,气雾中仍有较多细菌残留。结论 复方三氯生、0.12%氯己定及3%过氧化氢漱口液均可有效降低超声洁治术中空气菌落数。洁治前应该使用漱口液含漱以减少空气中细菌污染。在洁治后一段时间内,空气中仍有较多细菌残留,需要注意防护。     

牙体治疗前漱口对诊室空气中细菌含量的影响

目的 :观察牙体治疗前漱口与否对诊室空气中细菌含量的影响。方法 :以需氧菌为空气中细菌含量观察指标 ,采用沉降法收集漱口和未漱口组牙体治疗后诊室的空气样本 ,血琼脂平板需氧培养 48h ,观察形成的细菌菌落数。结果 :牙体治疗前漱口组较未漱口组空气中细菌含量明显降低。口洁素漱口组较饮用水漱口组培养板上形成的菌落小 ,但菌落数无明显差异。结论 :牙体治疗前漱口可明显降低诊室中空气细菌污染 ,配合应用吸尘或通风设备可有效降低诊室内交叉传染的可能性     

西吡氯铵含漱液对单纯性牙龈炎患者口腔细菌的抑制作用

目的 :观察 1mL/L西吡氯铵含漱液对单纯性牙龈炎患者牙菌斑和唾液中细菌的抑制作用。方法 :纳入单纯性牙龈炎患者 48例 ,用随机双盲法分为 2组 ,分别给予 1mL/L西吡氯铵含漱液或爱诺天健含漱液 (主要成分也是 1mL/L西吡氯铵 )。患者使用含漱液漱口 ,每天 5次 ,晨起、睡前、饭后各 1次 ,每次含 15mL ,持续漱口 6 0s,7d为一疗程。就诊当天和第 8天测定患者牙菌斑和唾液中 11种常见细菌的菌株数和细菌的数量。结果 :实验组和对照组各 2 4例 ,年龄、性别、吸烟史分布无组间差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,首次检查牙菌斑、唾液中常见细菌检出率和平均检出量组间比较 ,无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。终点检查牙菌斑、唾液中细菌总量在治疗组与对照组比首次检查 ,均显著减少 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,组间比较细菌数量无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。治疗组与对照组细菌总量的减少主要是由可疑病原菌量减少所致。治疗前后白色念珠菌检出率和检出量无变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :1mL/L西吡氯铵含漱液可显著减少单纯性牙龈炎患者牙菌斑、唾液中细菌的种类和数量 ,不导致口腔菌群失调。     

超声洁治前应用药物含漱口腔对环境污染的影响

近年来,涡轮机和超声洁牙机的应用日益普遍,据田飞秋报道,使用上述机器时,冷却水喷雾可达周围环境60cm范围,从而形成了一个污染的环境和造成交叉感染的条件,直接影响患者和医护人员健康,也影响治疗过程中的无菌。据我院牙周科诊室的空气培养结果表明,在门诊工作时空气采样中细菌的数目明显多于上午开诊前的空气培养结果。为寻找减少诊室空气污染的方法,我们让患者在超声洁治前分别用生理盐水和药物含漱,再用细菌培养方法观察药物含漱对诊室环境的保护作用。     

口腔鳞癌患者化疗后粘膜溃疡及感染的防治

作者对４４例口腔颌面部鳞手术加化疗的患者，在化疗期间，使用庆大霉素与甲酰四氢叶酸钙的混合液漱口，作为实验组；给４８例使用单一的庆大霉素和甲酰四氢叶酸钙药液漱口作为对照组，以比较两种方法。结果，实验组的口腔溃疡的发生率比对照组有明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）；实验组口腔细菌的感染率也较对照组低，但无统计学差异。表明混合药物漱口液比单一药物漱口液有较大的优越性。     

含漱西帕依固龈液或H2O2对牙体治疗中细菌性气雾的影响

用空气沉降法分组收集牙体治疗时经西帕依固龈液及1%过氧化氢液漱口前后产生的气雾,血琼脂平板培养48 h. 2 种漱口液对减少气雾中的细菌均有明显的作用(P<0.01),西帕依固龈液含漱后的气雾中细菌减少量与1%过氧化氢液含漱后的细菌减少量无明显差异(P>0.05).因此牙体治疗前漱口可明显降低气雾中的细菌污染,西帕依固龈液与1%过氧化氢液均是牙体治疗前有效的漱口剂.     

口腔诊疗应急帐篷隔离及消毒效果评价

目的    观察口腔诊疗应急帐篷的隔离气溶胶效果及消毒灭菌性能。方法    研究于2021年2—8月在上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民院口腔教学门诊诊室进行。隔离效果评价实验设置实验组（使用应急帐篷）与对照组（不使用应急帐篷）,采用自然沉降法对震荡点左侧0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5 m处定点进行细菌气溶胶采样,采用棉拭子采样法对操作者面罩表面进行采样。紫外线消毒有效性与时长测定实验在上一实验完成后对实验组帐篷内壁的无菌贴片进行棉拭子采样,经30 min紫外线灯消毒后比较相同位点贴片处细菌培养情况。结果    隔离效果评价实验结果显示,与对照组相比,实验组的空气中实验菌菌落总数显著降低,两组之间差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）,并且使用帐篷后操作者面罩表面无细菌检出;消毒效果评价实验结果显示,使用一台紫外线灯消毒30 min后帐篷内壁细菌阳性检出率可达27.8%,而使用两台紫外线灯消毒30 min后帐篷内壁细菌阳性检出率为0。结论    使用口腔诊疗应急帐篷后能够有效降低诊室空气中细菌菌落总数与物体表面细菌检出率,提示使用该帐篷能够对诊室内操作者与其他人员起到保护作用,在一定程度上预防交叉感染。同时两台紫外线灯照射30 min能够有效杀菌,可用于应急帐篷消毒,提示应急帐篷可循环利用,在经济上具有一定优势。     

牙周基础治疗联合心理治疗对灼口综合征的疗效观察

目的：观察牙周基础治疗联合心理治疗对灼口综合征（BMS）的临床疗效.方法：将108例BMS患者随机分为实验组和对照组各54例,实验组给予牙周基础治疗联合心理治疗,对照组给予心理治疗,分别于治疗后1个月、6个月后应用直观类比标尺法（visual analogous scale,VAS）对疗效进行评估.结果：治疗后1个月复诊,实验组和对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗后6个月复诊,实验组疼痛指数较治疗前和治疗后1个月减少（P＜0.05）,总有效率高于对照组,实验组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论：牙周基础治疗联合心理治疗对BMS具有良好的治疗效果.     

贝复济防治放射性口腔黏膜炎的疗效观察

目的：头颈部放疗过程中采用贝复济防治黏膜炎,动态观察黏膜炎的发生发展情况,探求更有效的防治方法。方法：40例头颈部放疗患者分为实验组和对照组,实验组患者采用贝复济喷剂合并碳酸氢钠溶液含漱,对照组患者采用碳酸氢钠溶液漱口。放疗前后5次记录黏膜炎的变化。结果：黏膜炎在放疗早期即可发生,随着放疗剂量的增加而逐渐加重,放疗停止后黏膜炎症状较快消退;实验组黏膜炎的发生例数和严重程度较低,较对照组有显著性差异。结论：黏膜炎是不可避免、可逆的损伤。做好放疗患者的口腔卫生指导及防护,采用贝复济合并碳酸氢钠含漱防治放射性黏膜炎,可降低黏膜炎的发病率和严重程度,提高病人的生活质量。     

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目的观察口泰和复方茶多酚含漱液在固定正畸治疗中对牙龈炎的防治效果。方法选取2005—2006年在遵义医学院附属口腔医院门诊进行固定正畸矫治的病例40例,随机分为两组(每组各20例),分别使用口泰和复方茶多酚含漱液,观察正畸治疗前及治疗后1,2,3个月时牙龈炎发生情况,对牙龈指数(GI)、菌斑指数(PLI)进行检测,并对两组情况进行比较。结果使用不同含漱液后两组之间的GI、PLI差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或<0.01)。结论复方茶多酚含漱液对固定正畸患者牙龈炎症的预防效果优于口泰。     

Comparison of the effects of cetylpyridinium chloride with an essential oil mouth rinse on dental plaque and gingivitis - a six-month randomized controlled clinical trial

Objective: To compare the effects of an experimental mouth rinse containing 0.07% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) (Crest Pro‐Health^®) with those provided by a commercially available mouth rinse containing essential oils (EOs) (Listerine^®) on dental plaque accumulation and prevention of gingivitis in an unsupervised 6‐month randomized clinical trial. Material and Methods: This double‐blind, 6‐month, parallel group, positively controlled study involved 151 subjects balanced and randomly assigned to either positive control (EO) or experimental (CPC) mouth rinse treatment groups. At baseline, subjects received a dental prophylaxis procedure and began unsupervised rinsing twice a day with 20 ml of their assigned mouthwash for 30 s after brushing their teeth for 1 min. Subjects were assessed for gingivitis and gingival bleeding by the Gingival index (GI) of Löe & Silness (1963) and plaque by the Silness & Löe (1964) Plaque index at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of rinsing. At 3 and 6 months, oral soft tissue health was assessed. Microbiological samples were also taken for community profiling by the DNA checkerboard method. Results: Results show that after 3 and 6 months of rinsing, there were no significant differences (p=0.05) between the experimental (CPC) and the positive control mouth rinse treatment groups for overall gingivitis status, gingival bleeding, and plaque accumulation. At 6 months, the covariant (baseline) adjusted mean GI and bleeding sites percentages for the CPC and the EO rinses were 0.52 and 0.53 and 8.7 and 9.3, respectively. Both mouth rinses were well tolerated by the subjects. Microbiological community profiles were similar for the two treatment groups. Statistically, a significant greater reduction in bleeding sites was observed for the CPC rinse versus the EO rinse. Conclusion: The essential findings of this study indicated that there was no statistically significant difference in the anti‐plaque and anti‐gingivitis benefits between the experimental CPC mouth rinse and the positive control EO mouth rinse over a 6‐month period.     

Methods used for prevention of white spot lesion development during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances

Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to survey methods that Dutch orthodontists use to prevent development or progression of enamel decalcifications during orthodontic treatment. Materials and methods: A pre-tested questionnaire was sent by post to all orthodontists in the Netherlands with a private practice (n = 189). Results: The response rate was 81%. At the start of orthodontic treatment a basic practice protocol for prevention of enamel demineralization was used by 93% of the orthodontists. This included oral hygiene instructions (92%) and the advice for additional use of a fluoride mouth rinse (64%). Other preventive measures were rarely prescribed. About 85% of those who prescribed a fluoride mouth rinse advised to rinse once a day, directly after evening tooth brushing. Conclusions: The results suggest that the commonly used practice of fluoride mouth rinsing directly after evening tooth brushing by orthodontic patients during fixed appliance treatment ignores actual evidence of preventive advices. This study recommends mouth rinsing at another moment than after evening tooth brushing, thus increasing the frequency of fluoride intakes, which might enhance the effectiveness in preventing WSL development or progression during orthodontic treatment.     

In vivo antimicrobial effectiveness of an essential oil-containing mouth rinse 12 h after a single use and 14 days' use

OBJECTIVES: Two studies were conducted to determine the antimicrobial effect of rinsing with an essential oil-containing mouth rinse 12 h after a single rinse and 12 h after 2 weeks of twice daily rinsing, during the daytime and overnight. Materials and METHODS: These studies utilized a randomized, double-blind, controlled crossover design. Following baseline sampling of bacteria from supragingival plaque and the dorsum of the tongue, subjects began twice-daily rinsing with either an essential oil mouth rinse containing 0.09% zinc chloride (Tartar Control Listerine Antiseptic) or a negative control rinse. Bacterial sampling was repeated 12 h after the first rinse, and again 12 h after the final rinse 14 days later. The sampling schedule was adjusted according to whether the study was investigating daytime or overnight activity. Samples were plated on Schaedlers medium (total anaerobes), Schaedlers Nalidixic/Vancomycin medium (Gram-negative anaerobes), and OOPS medium (volatile sulphur compound (VSC)-producing organisms). Inter-group log10 transformed colony-forming units/ml counts from samples of supragingival plaque and tongue swabs on each of the three media were compared by analysis of covariance. RESULTS: The mean bacterial counts in subjects using the essential oil mouth rinse were significantly lower (p< or =0.005) than mean counts in subjects using the control rinse in all the comparisons, i.e., tongue and supragingival plaque samples on each of three media at two sampling periods in the daytime and overnight study, respectively. Mean bacterial count percent reductions for plaque samples ranged from 56.3 to 95.3; percent reductions for tongue samples ranged from 61.1 to 96.1. There was a trend to higher reductions after 14 days' rinsing than after the initial rinse. CONCLUSION: Rinsing with the essential oil mouth rinse can have long-lasting effects in reducing anaerobic bacteria overall as well as Gram-negative anaerobes and VSC-producing bacteria. The significant reductions in numbers of these bacteria produced by the essential oil mouth rinse, both in plaque and on the dorsum of the tongue, can play a key role in explaining the essential oil mouth rinse's effectiveness in reducing supragingival plaque and gingivitis as well as its effectiveness in controlling intrinsic oral malodor over prolonged periods.     

冠桥修复前应用半导体激光排龈的临床效果评价

目的：评价冠桥修复前应用半导体激光排龈临床效果。方法：选择修复门诊多颗牙需行冠桥修复的患者30例,每例患者口腔中至少有两个相似的缺损位于龈下1-2mm,需取模前龈外科处理的牙齿,并分别作为对照组和实验组,对照组用常规电刀排龈,实验组用半导体激光进行排龈,术后评价印模以及模型质量,以VAS评分记录疼痛程度,并记录排龈后1周、1个月、3个月牙龈指数（GI）和探针深度（PD）,对牙龈状况做出评价。结果：实验组和对照组的印模和石膏模型满意度均在90%以上,组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;VAS疼痛评分显示,实验组90%的患者对无疼痛,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义;术后实验组中牙龈恢复程度较对照组快,两组间牙龈指数差异无统计学意义。术后1周、1个月、3个月PD值均〈3mm,无附着丧失。但术后1周和1个月,两组之间PD值差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：冠桥修复前应用半导体激光排龈比常规电刀排龈可有效减轻术中不适和术后牙龈的水肿,提高患者的满意度,获得良好的修复效果。