弹性义龈修复上前牙区牙龈退缩临床观察

目的 探讨弹性义齿材料修复上前牙区牙龈退缩的相关问题。方法 对18例上前牙区牙龈退缩严重的患者在牙周治疗后进行弹性义龈修复，并对修复后义龈的舒适性，美观性及稳固性做随访．同时对治疗前后的牙周情况做对比研究。结果 18例患者在修复后，对义龈的美观性为94．4％，义龈的舒适性为88．9％，对义龈的稳固性为100％；义龈修复后的患者牙周情况未见明显变化。结论 弹性义龈修复是治疗上前牙区牙龈退缩的一种疗效显著的保守方法，对患者牙周具有重要的保护作用。     

义龈修复对牙周健康的影响

牙龈退缩是一种常见的口腔疾患 ,对患者的口腔功能存在不利的影响。义龈修复是治疗牙龈退缩的有效方法 ,笔者近年来采用弹性义齿材料制作义龈 ,疗效显著 ,现报道如下 :1　材料与方法1.1　一般资料患者 40名 ,其中男性 11例 ,女性 2 9例 ,平均年龄为 5 2 .8岁 ;上前牙 3 6例 ,下前牙 4例。所有的患者均排除系统性疾患及不良的口腔卫生习惯 ,经过系统性牙周治疗及口腔健康教育者。1.2　义龈的制作1.2 .1　弹性义龈　按照弹性义齿基托要求设计、制作。1.2 .2　常规义龈　同自凝或热凝塑料义齿基托的制作。1.3　分组及临床检查1.3 .1　按照修复…     

义龈修复上下前牙区牙龈退缩

牙槽嵴吸收及牙龈退缩,对牙周病患者口腔功能存在不利的影响,尤其是前牙区因牙根的暴露,邻间隙的增大而带来美学的不协调,给患者的生活带来了不便。我科近年来采用义龈修复上下前牙区牙龈退缩,现将有关结果报道如下:1.资料与方法1.1样本:本组13例患者19件义龈修复,其中男性3例,女性10例,平均年龄47.4岁。所有样本均来自本院2000年3月至2002年5月门诊牙周病患者,经过严格牙周内科及外科治疗,牙周情况稳定。排除严重全身性疾病如:糖尿病,肾功能衰竭,严重精神障碍及生活不能自理者。1.2操作方法:1.2.1模型及蜡型制作:① 弹性义龈组采用藻酸钠印…     

严重牙龈退缩患者心理因素对义龈修复满意度的影响

目的:评价心理因素以及患者个人因素对严重牙龈退缩患者就诊动机和治疗效果的影响.方法:采用问卷调查的方式对967例严重牙龈退缩患者的心理健康状况、患者的就诊动机以及义龈修复效果进行调查,并结合临床检查,对治疗动机的构成比例,以及患者SCL-90调查的9项因子进行相关性分析.结果:性别与患者义龈修复疗效不存在确切的相关性,与治疗动机存在着相关性;对治疗满意组患者的SCL-90量表的各项指标均好于老年常模组;而对治疗不满意组的各项指标均显著差于常模组,且存在着组间差异.结论:患者的性别对就诊意愿具有较大的影响,心理因素对于严重牙龈退缩患者义龈修复后的治疗效果的评价也具有直接的相关性,因此,义龈治疗前进行心理检测是有益的.     

义龈在前牙牙龈退缩中的临床应用

目的评价义龈修复技术治疗前牙区牙根暴露及黑三角美容缺陷的美学效果,观察义龈使用前、后牙周组织的健康情况。方法 39例慢性牙周炎患者,共配制42副义龈,医生对义龈的各项美学指标做专业评价,医生和患者对义龈的总体美学效果进行评价。义龈治疗前及治疗后3个月,检查牙周临床指标。结果医生对义龈美学指标的满意度分别为:颜色100%,龈缘形态97.6%,黑三角封闭程度100%,微笑时齿龈比例为95.2%。患者和医生对义龈美学效果的总体满意度分别为100%和97.6%。义龈治疗前及治疗后3个月,菌斑指数、牙龈指数、龈沟出血指数、牙周袋探诊深度及附着丧失差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论应用义龈治疗牙周炎患者前牙牙龈退缩,能取得满意的美学效果。3个月观察期内,未发现对牙周组织的健康有明显影响。     

热凝树脂义龈的制作方法

牙周炎主要表现为牙周支持组织破坏,患者在接受牙周基础治疗后,牙龈组织进一步退缩造成临床牙冠过长、牙龈最初的扇贝形曲线变平,牙间颈部出现三角形缺损[1,2].目前,对牙龈退缩治疗方法的研究较多,主要包括义龈修复、黏膜瓣手术等[3-5].义龈修复技术是一种非创伤性治疗技术,对于患者美观性恢复、语言功能改善等均有较为满意的疗效[6].     

牙周内镜辅助牙周非手术治疗对牙龈退缩的影响

目的: 探讨牙周内镜辅助超声龈下刮治及根面平整术（scaling and root planing,SRP）对上颌侧切牙唇侧牙龈退缩的影响。方法: 从2020年6月—12月就诊于上海市普陀区眼病牙病防治所牙周病科的患者中收集36例中、重度慢性牙周炎患者作为受试者。采用单盲随机分口自身对照设计方案,先行全口超声龈上洁治术,2周后随机确定一侧上颌侧切牙行牙周内镜辅助下SRP（内镜组）,对侧侧切牙行常规SRP（ SRP组）作为对照,术后菌斑控制,记录基线、3个月和6个月时上颌侧切牙唇侧近中、中和远中3个位点的牙周探诊深度（PD）、附着丧失（AL）、牙龈退缩（GR）。采用SPSS 22.0软件包对2组治疗前后各项指标差异进行统计学分析。结果: 基线时内镜组和SRP组相比,各临床指标无显著差异。3个月时,内镜组的牙龈退缩量（ΔGR）显著小于SRP组（P<0.05）;3个月和6个月时,2组间的其他指标比较均无显著差异。与SRP组相比,内镜组PD的减少程度与AL的增加程度有更大趋势,治疗后3个月最明显。与基线相比,2组3个月和6个月时,PD、AL均有显著差异;实验组PD在3个月和6月个时相比,也有显著差异。3个月和6个月时相比,2组ΔGR均存在显著差异。结论: 牙周内镜辅助SRP清创彻底,创伤小,3个月时上颌侧切牙唇侧牙龈退缩减少量较常规SRP更少,美学效果优势凸显。     

富血小板纤维蛋白辅助治疗牙龈退缩的临床效果及患者满意度评价

目的 评价和比较冠向复位瓣术单独或联合应用富血小板纤维蛋白（platelet rich fibrin,PRF）治疗Miller Ⅰ类或Ⅱ类牙龈退缩的临床效果及患者满意度。方法 临床上选取Miller Ⅰ类或Ⅱ类牙龈退缩且有意愿进行手术治疗的患者30例,分为试验组（冠向复位瓣术联合PRF）、对照组（冠向复位瓣术）。在术前、术后3个月、术后6个月记录牙周探诊深度、角化龈宽度、牙龈退缩深度以及根面覆盖率,分析2组的临床疗效,患者填写满意度调查表,并进行分析。结果 试验组和对照组在术后3、6个月检查临床指标牙龈退缩深度、角化龈宽度较术前明显好转,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;术后3、6个月,试验组和对照组2组间角化龈宽度比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;术后3、6个月,2组间牙周探诊深度、牙龈退缩深度、根面覆盖率比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05);术后3、6个月时,2组中的牙周探诊深度与术前相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);试验组患者的满意度显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 本研究结果进一步证实了这两种方法对MillerⅠ、Ⅱ类牙龈退缩的治疗均有效,辅助应用PRF可增加术后角化龈宽度,并提高患者满意度。     

PRF治疗牙龈退缩的对照研究

目的：通过对比观察采用Choukroun's富血小板纤维蛋白膜(PRF膜)和采用结缔组织瓣治疗牙龈退缩的临床效果。方法：临床上选取有牙龈退缩且有意愿进行手术治疗的患者13例,分为PRF膜组和对照组,分别实施手术治疗,在术前、术后3个月测量牙周袋深度（PD）、角化龈宽度（KTW）以及牙龈退缩量,并对结果进行对照分析。结果：两组数据中牙周袋深度术前术后比较均无显著性差异（P≤0.05）;角化龈宽度和牙龈退缩量术前术后比较均有显著性差异（P≥0.05）。角化龈宽度术后比较两组之间无显著性差异（P≥0.05）;牙龈退缩量对照组小于PRF组（P≤0.05）。结论：PRF膜（富血小板纤维蛋白）治疗牙龈退缩的根面覆盖量虽不及结缔组织瓣＋冠向复位组,但对于MillerⅠ°、Ⅱ°同样可以达到很好的根面覆盖效果;且术后角化龈宽度明显增加,和膜龈组之间无显著性差异(P＞0.05)。     

双线排龈法和单线排龈法对基牙龈沟液含量和成分的影响

目的:比较双线排龈和单线排龈对基牙龈沟液含量和成分的影响。方法:对47位患者的94个牙行冠桥修复,采用同一患者的不同牙位对照,分别采取双线排龈法和单线排龈法,取印模,完成修复体。于修复后7、21 d和3、6个月提取受试牙位龈沟液,称重并检测其中天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)含量。结果:修复后7 d,单线排龈组龈沟液量、GCF-AST和GCF-ALP含量高于双线排龈组(P<0.05);修复后21 d、3个月,两组各项牙周指标之间无显著性差异(P>0.05);修复后6个月,单线排龈组龈沟液含量高于双线排龈组(P<0.05),GCF-AST和GCF-ALP含量有所升高但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:双线排龈法对牙周组织的影响较单线排龈法小,更有利于牙周组织的健康。     

Alterations of the position of the marginal soft tissue following periodontal surgery

The present study was performed to examine the alterations of the position of the marginal soft tissue ("gingival margin") on the buccal surface of teeth in patients who following periodontal surgery were enrolled in a supervised maintenance care program for 10--11 years. The material consisted of 43 patients with severe destruction of the periodontal tissues. Following initial treatment comprising scaling, root planing and instructions in plaque control measures, deepened periodontal pockets were eliminated by the use of an apically repositioned flap procedure including osseous surgery to eliminate bony defects. After treatment, the patients were recalled once every 3--6 months for maintenance care. In all patients, the distance between the cemento-enamel junction and the gingival margin on the buccal surfaces of all treated teeth was assessed (1) prior to surgery, (2) after initial healing, and (3) at a reexamination 10--11 years after treatment. In addition, the presence or absence of keratinized gingiva was determined. The results showed that (1) during active periodontal treatment the position of the gingival margin was shifted in an apical direction, (2) this displacement was to some extent compensated for by a coronal regrowth during the postoperative maintenance care period, (3) the alterations of the position of the gingival margin followed a similar pattern in areas with and without a zone of keratinized gingiva, (4) the number of gingival units devoid of keratinized gingiva decreased during the maintenance care period.     

Role of attached gingiva for maintenance of periodontal health

The present study was undertaken to analyze the role of attached gingiva for the maintenance of periodontal health in sites with normal and reduced height of the supporting apparatus. Furthermore, the effect of excision and grafting of gingiva on some parameters describing dimensions and location of the periodontal tissues was evaluated. 7 beagle dogs were used. A baseline examination comprised assessments of dental plaque, gingival conditions, attachment level, position of the gingival margin and width of the keratinized and the attached gingiva. In the right side of the jaws (experimental side) a 6-month period of periodontal tissue breakdown was followed by surgical excision of the entire zone of the gingiva. After another 4-month period of healing with daily plaque control, a gingival graft was inserted in one quadrant of the experimental side to regain a zone of attached gingiva while the other quadrant of the experimental side was left ungrafted. In the left side of the jaws (control side), the teeth were subjected to daily meticulous plaque control during the entire study. In one of the control quadrants the entire zone of the keratinized and attached gingiva was excised at a time point corresponding to the grafting procedure in the experimental side, while the gingiva in the remaining control jaw quadrant was left unoperated. Clinical examinations of all control and experimental tooth units were repeated at certain time intervals during the course of the study. The final examination was carried out 4 months after grafting. The results of the experiment showed that in sites exposed to careful plaque control measures gingival health could be established and maintained without sign of recession of the gingival margin or loss of attachment, independent of (1) presence or absence of attached gingiva, (2) width of keratinized gingiva or (3) height of the supporting attachment apparatus. Following surgical excision of the entire gingiva, all buccal sites regained a zone of keratinized gingiva, but most sites were lacking attached gingiva. Furthermore, grafting of gingival tissue significantly increased the width of the keratinized and the attached gingiva but had no obvious effect on the position of the gingival margin or the level of the attachment.     

The effect of a tooth gingival transplantation on periodontal healing

Abstract –  We investigated the effects of a tooth gingival transplantation (TGT) on autologous tooth transplantation using tooth with both periodontal ligament and gingiva. Stabilization period, degree of tooth mobility, and periodontal pocket depth (PPD) were compared with those of transplanted teeth using the conventional method (tooth with periodontal ligament). The subjects were 76 healthy adults (56 cases for the conventional method and 20 cases for TGT). Stabilization period of the tooth was shorter in the cases of TGT than that of the conventional method. Degree of tooth mobility was almost the same for TGT and the conventional technique. The value of PPD at 12 weeks after operation was better in the TGT group than in the conventional method group. The results for both stabilization period and PPD were better in TGT than in the conventional method, indicating low risk for periodontal disease in TGT.     

Gingival tissue proteoglycan and chondroitin-4-sulphate levels in cyclosporin A-induced gingival overgrowth and the effects of initial periodontal treatment

OBJECTIVES: Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a potent immunosuppressive drug used in organ transplant patients to prevent graft rejection. CsA-induced gingival overgrowth is one of the side effects of this drug and its pathogenesis is still unclear. The present study was planned to comparatively analyse total proteoglycan (PG) and chondroitin-4-sulphate (C4S) levels in CsA-induced overgrown gingival tissue samples obtained before and after initial periodontal treatment and to compare these findings with the situation in healthy gingiva. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Gingival tissue samples were obtained from nine patients with CsA-induced gingival overgrowth before and 4 weeks after initial periodontal treatment including oral hygiene instruction and scaling and also from 10 healthy control subjects. Total PG and C4S levels were determined by biochemical techniques. PG levels were analysed using modified Bitter and Muir method. C4S assay was carried out using chondroitin sulphate lyase AC and chondroitin-6 sulphate sulphohydrolase enzymes. The results were tested statistically using non-parametric tests. RESULTS: All clinical measurements in the CsA-induced gingival overgrowth group demonstrated significant reductions 4 weeks after initial periodontal treatment (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the levels of baseline total PG in CsA-induced gingival overgrowth and healthy control groups (p>0.05). The gingival tissue levels of PG in CsA-induced gingival overgrowth group decreased significantly 4 weeks after treatment (p=0.043). Gingival tissue C4S levels in the overgrowth group were significantly higher than the healthy control group at baseline (p=0.000). C4S levels of the overgrowth group were significantly reduced after treatment (p=0.033), but these levels were still significantly higher than the healthy control group (p=0.000). CONCLUSION: The observed prominent increase in gingival tissue C4S levels may be interpreted as a sign of an increase in C4S synthesis in CsA-induced gingival overgrowth. Furthermore, remission of clinical inflammation by means of initial periodontal treatment had a positive effect on tissue levels of these extracellular matrix molecules.     

Gingival inflammation assessment by image analysis: measurement and validation

Abstract: Aim: Gingival inflammation may be caused by injury or plaque‐related diseases and reduction in inflammation can be a useful indicator of gingival recovery. There has been little research on development of non‐index methods to measure gingival condition. The aims of the study were to investigate the reliability of the measurement of changes in gingival redness and swelling, using image analysis, and to compare this approach with an established method for assessing gingival overgrowth [ 5 ]. Method: Twenty volunteers with gingival inflammation were recruited and digital images were taken. Duplicate measurements were made on the first visit by two examiners. At a subsequent visit following periodontal treatment, second images were taken. Gingival changes were determined by assessing redness and tooth surface area visible between the level of the inter‐proximal papillae and the gingival margin. Tooth area measurements were compared with the established gingival overgrowth method. Results: The method showed excellent reliability for both intra‐ and inter‐examiner measurements of 0.968–0.998 and 0.769–0.947, respectively, according to the classification by Donner and Eliasziw of the Fleiss coefficient of reliability (repeat measures taken during the patients’ first attendance). High correlation was found for gingival encroachment when compared with the established gingival overgrowth method. Conclusion: This technique proved a reliable method for investigating changes in gingival redness. High correlation was found for gingival encroachment when compared with an established method.     

单枚后牙种植修复体龈乳头形态及其变化的临床分析

目的:通过分析单枚后牙种植修复体龈乳头形态及变化,探讨其与种植修复体牙龈美学有关的相关因素。方法:选择20枚后牙种植修复体,通过修复后不同时期的临床检查、根尖片、研究模型、患者满意度调查等方法,得到种植修复体龈乳头高度、牙龈乳头指数(papilla index score,PIS)和患者满意度数据,并进行统计分析。结果:随访到的19枚种植体均形成良好的骨结合,所观察的35个龈乳头中,根据Jemt的PIS分级,11个龈乳头为Ⅲ级,19个龈乳头为Ⅱ级,5个龈乳头为Ⅰ级。龈乳头高度在修复完成后即刻、修复后1个月、修复后3个月的3次测量中逐次增大。使用SAS 9.13软件进行统计分析,其差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01)。在患者满意度问卷调查中,满意率达89.47%。结论:单枚后牙种植修复体的龈乳头高度在冠修复完成后的3个月内随时间延长而增高。     

冠桥固定重症牙周炎松动牙对牙龈微循环和牙周组织影响

目的:探讨冠桥固定重症牙周炎松动牙对牙龈微循环和牙周组织影响。方法:选重症牙周炎患者40例,分为2组,对照组用牙周洁治和刮治,固定组在上述基础上作松牙固定,2组患者分别用激光多普勒血流仪测定治疗前、治疗后1周、治疗后3个月GBF,刚果红染色检测龈下菌斑形态学变化,并测定牙龈指数(GI)、菌斑指数(PLI)和牙周袋深度(PD)、附着丧失(AL)。结果:治疗后1周时固定组GBF和GI、PLI、PD、AL及杆菌、螺旋体和梭状菌比率与对照组有显著性差异(P<0.01);在治疗1周时固定组GBF比治疗前明显增加,GI、PLI、PD、AL和杆菌、螺旋体和梭状菌比率明显降低;在治疗3个月时,固定组GBF明显大于1周时,杆菌、螺旋体、梭状菌比率明显低于1周时。结论:冠桥固定重症牙周炎松动牙可使GBF明显增加,改善牙龈微循环,使龈下菌群向非致病型转变,其疗效与调节牙龈微循环和龈下菌群有密切关系。     

Real-time polymerase chain reaction quantification of human cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus in periodontal pockets and the adjacent gingiva of periodontitis lesions

BACKGROUND: Genomic sequences of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), two herpesviruses, can frequently be detected in periodontal pockets of progressive periodontitis lesions, but the prevalence and load of the two viruses in gingival tissue are unknown. This study determined levels of HCMV and EBV DNA in the periodontal pocket and in the adjacent gingiva of periodontitis lesions using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 20 systemically healthy periodontitis patients participated in the study. Nine patients below 35 years of age were tentatively diagnosed as having aggressive (early onset) periodontitis, and 11 patients 36-56 years of age as having chronic (adult) periodontitis. Clinical parameters were evaluated using established methods. Using periodontal curettes, specimens were harvested from 6-10 mm periodontal pockets and from the adjacent inflamed periodontal pocket wall. A 5'-nuclease (TaqMan) real-time PCR assay was used to identify and quantify genomic copies of periodontal HCMV and EBV. RESULTS: HCMV DNA was detected in 78% of subgingival and 33% of gingival tissue samples from aggressive periodontitis lesions, but only in 46% of subgingival and 9% of gingival tissue samples from chronic periodontitis lesions. In aggressive periodontitis, HCMV subgingival and gingival tissue counts were positively correlated with periodontal pocket depth and probing attachment loss at sample sites (p6 mm, but none of 14 patients having mean pocket depth at sample teeth相似文献   

A longitudinal evaluation of varying widths of attached gingiva

32 patients with bilateral areas of inadequate attached gingiva on the facial surface of homologous contralateral teeth have been followed for 6 years. Treatment consisted of scaling, root planing, oral hygiene and maintenance at 3- to 6-month intervals or as needed to control inflammation. A free gingival graft was placed on one side (experimental), while the other side served as the unoperated control. Areas of inadequate attached gingiva on control sides, to include those with recession and no attached gingiva, did not demonstrate additional recession or further loss of attachment. Gingival inflammation and plaque were significantly reduced. On experimental sides, the dimension of keratinized and attached gingiva increased and was stable over 6 years. Areas which began with recession and no attached gingiva exhibited a reduction in recession and gain in clinical attachment following the placement of a gingival graft. Examination of patients who had discontinued participation in the study for a period of 5 years revealed a re-establishment of gingival inflammation on the control sides associated with additional recession. Similar changes were not observed in areas treated by a free graft. The findings demonstrate that it is possible to maintain periodontal health and attachment through control of gingival inflammation despite the absence of attached gingiva.