乳牙菌斑附着部位的分析

目的观察分析全口乳牙的菌斑附着状况。方法应用菌斑染色片对120名5岁幼儿进行乳牙菌斑检查。结果120名儿童PI均值为1.69±0.01，男、女间无显著性差异；上后牙颊面PI最高；乳磨牙菌斑总量高于乳前牙；上颌牙唇颊侧菌斑附着多于腭侧、下颌牙舌侧多于唇颊侧。结论上述菌斑附着多的牙及牙面需强化刷牙。     

多生牙1例

病人，女，50岁，因右侧下颌磨牙疼痛到我处就诊。检查发现，右侧下颌第一磨牙深龋伴发牙髓炎，右侧下颌第一前磨牙为残根。其32个恒牙均正常萌出，另外，尚有4个多生牙，形态与前磨牙相似，但大小略有不同，分别位于前磨牙、磨牙区的颊舌侧，具体为左侧上颌第一前磨牙、磨牙腭侧、左侧下颌第一、二前磨牙颊侧、左侧下颌第一、二磨牙舌侧、右侧下颌第一、二磨牙舌侧。     

四眼簧扩弓器矫治唇腭裂修复术后后牙反

先天性唇腭裂修复术后，由于唇部、腭部及上颌骨生长发育缺陷、手术瘢痕挛缩以及异常肌力等因素，常常造成较严重的错牙合，其中后牙反牙合很常见。作者采用四眼簧扩弓器对这种错牙合进行矫治，效果良好，报告如下。材料与方法１－临床资料：患者４例，男性３例，女性１例，年龄１０～１４岁，双侧完全性唇腭裂修复术后２例，单侧唇腭裂修复术后２例。临床检查：上颌牙弓狭窄，尤以尖牙区及双尖牙区为甚，全牙弓反牙合并伴有牙列拥挤，排列紊乱。２－矫治方法：①常规取印模，制作６４｜４６带环，６｜６带环颊侧焊方丝弓颊面管，４｜４带环…     

替牙期骨性Ⅲ类单侧完全性唇腭裂患者修复术后口周力的分布特征

目的:通过与同龄非唇腭裂正常 儿童比较,研究替牙期骨性Ⅲ类单侧完全性唇腭裂(unilateral cleft lip and palate,UCLP)患者上下颌不同位点口周力的特征。 方法:选取替牙期6～12岁UCLP患者20例(男14例,女6例)为UCLP组;同龄正常 儿童21例(男14例,女7例)为对照组。采用口周肌压力采集系统测量每个研究对象息止 位时双侧上下颌中切牙、尖牙或乳尖牙、第一前磨牙或乳磨牙、第一恒磨牙的唇颊、舌腭侧龈缘的口周力。使用SPSS 25.0统计软件对数据进行统计分析。 结果:1．UCLP组上颌口周力裂侧大于非裂侧( P<0.05),下颌口周力两侧无差异( P>0.05)。2. UCLP组上颌口周力大于对照组( P<0.05),两组上颌唇颊侧的口周力均在第一前磨牙/乳磨牙区最大,在中切牙区最小。3. UCLP组下颌唇颊侧口周力小于对照组( P<0.01),下颌中切牙舌侧区UCLP组大于对照组( P<0.05)。4. UCLP组上颌牙弓内外口周力差值大于对照组( P<0.05),下颌差值小于对照组( P<0.01)。 结论:替牙期骨性Ⅲ类UCLP患者口周力较同龄非唇腭裂正常 儿童存在异常。     

不同生长型正常牙合成人上颌第一磨牙牙槽骨厚度CBCT分析

目的    基于锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）数据,比较不同垂直骨面型正常牙合成人上颌第一磨牙颊腭侧不同高度平面牙槽骨厚度的差异。 方法    2013年5月至2014年8月选取解放军第306医院口腔科普查得到的19 ~ 40岁中国汉族正常牙合成人82名,其中高角组32名,低角组50名。测量其CBCT片上的上颌第一磨牙近颊根颊侧、远颊根颊侧及腭根腭侧牙槽骨厚度的相应指标,利用SPSS17.0统计软件对测量结果进行比较分析。 结果    正常牙合成人上颌第一磨牙近颊根颊侧牙槽骨厚度在根尖1/4区低角组大于高角组（P < 0.05）;低角组近颊根颊侧牙槽骨厚度在3/4、1/2和1/4牙根水平均远远小于远颊根颊侧牙槽骨厚度（均P < 0.05）;高角组近颊根颊侧牙槽骨厚度在3/4、1/2牙根水平远远小于远颊根颊侧牙槽骨厚度（P < 0.05）。结论    正常牙合成人上颌第一磨牙颊侧牙槽骨厚度与垂直骨面型有关,临床上应考虑这一因素。     

腭侧新装置纠正上颌第二磨牙颊移位

目的　探讨腭侧新装置纠正上颌第二磨牙颊移位的临床疗效。方法　对 6例因上颌第二磨牙颊移位所造成的第二磨牙单侧或双侧正锁牙合患者 ,采用腭侧新装置进行矫治。结果　 6例患者均在 2 5～ 3 3个月内完成第二磨牙正锁牙合的矫治 ,上下磨牙建立良好的咬合关系。结论　该腭侧新装置制作简单 ,方法灵活 ,效果显著。     

关于中国人正畸支抗用微种植钉牙槽骨植入安全区的研究

目的研究中国人牙槽骨解剖形态特点,以确定正畸支抗用微种植钉植入的安全区。方法使用螺旋CT技术对21例正常中国人的颌骨进行扫描重建,并且分别测量距牙槽嵴顶3、5、7、9mm处牙齿根间区近远中向和颊舌(腭)向的参数。结果1)在上颌近远中测量中,前牙区最大牙根间距位于侧切牙与尖牙之间,最小牙根间距位于中切牙与侧切牙之间;后牙区相邻牙的最大牙根间距位于第二前磨牙和第一磨牙之间,最小牙根间距位于第一磨牙与第二磨牙之间。颊舌(腭)向测量中,最大的颊舌向骨厚度位于第一磨牙和第二磨牙之间,最小骨厚度位于中切牙与侧切牙之间。2)在下颌近远中测量中,相邻牙的最大牙根间距位于第一磨牙和第二磨牙之间,最小牙根间距位于中切牙与侧切牙之间。颊舌(腭)向测量中,最大的颊舌向骨厚度位于第一磨牙和第二磨牙之间,最小骨厚度位于中切牙之间。结论螺旋CT三维重建效果良好,能够充分识别牙槽骨和牙齿根间区的结构关系,为中国人牙槽骨正畸支抗用微种植钉安全植入提供了临床参考依据。     

上颌磨牙腭侧双根发生率及解剖特征的锥形束CT研究

目的 利用锥形束CT观察上颌磨牙腭侧双根的发生率及解剖结构特征,以期为临床提供参考.方法 收集528例(1957颗上颌磨牙)锥形束CT的临床三维影像资料,记录患者年龄、性别、观察牙位及腭根数目,观察腭侧双根的发生率、解剖特征及腭侧双根与性别、观察牙位等因素的关系.结果 上颌磨牙腭侧双根的发生率为0.72％ (14/1957),上颌第二磨牙腭侧双根的发生率[1.12％(11/979)]高于第一磨牙[0.31％ (3/978)].上颌腭侧双根的根管口平均距离为(2.84±0.50) mm,近腭根与远腭根牙根长轴夹角平均值为(34.6±16.1)°,均显著大于两颊根的根管口平均距离[(2.15±0.82) mm]和牙根长轴夹角[(21.3±12.2)°](P＜0.05).上颌磨牙腭侧双根的发生与性别、左右方位因素无显著相关性(P＞0.05).结论 上颌第二磨牙腭侧双根的发生率大于第一磨牙,两腭根的根管口平均距离及两腭根夹角均显著大于两颊根,腭侧双根预备难度大于颊侧双根,需谨防器械分离.     

牙科三维CT研究上颌乳磨牙髓腔

目的：测量上颌乳磨牙髓腔形态参数，为乳磨牙牙体解剖学提供基础数据，并供临床应用参考。方法：用牙科三维CT对20个上颁乳磨牙进行扫描并测量髓室相关参数。结果：上颌第二乳磨牙髓室颊舌向最大距离、根分叉处水平面腭侧根管近中远中向最大距离、颊侧近中根管颊舌向最大距离，均比上颌第一乳磨牙大（P〈0．05），而髓室高度较第一乳磨牙小（P〈0．05）。髓室近中远中向最大距离、髓室底最高点水平面到根分叉处垂直距离、根分叉处水平面根管其他测量值二者无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。左右分组比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论：牙科三维CT是一种精确测量牙体解剖形态的有效方法，熟悉乳磨牙髓腔解剖对于成功地进行牙髓、根尖周病治疗非常重要。     

部分回族和蒙古族成人恒牙形态测量

目的:了解我国回族和蒙古族人群恒牙牙体形态特征,为牙体牙髓病的临床治疗提供解剖学资料.方法:分别收集新鲜拔除的348个回族和314个蒙古族成人恒牙,按照已建立的汉族成人恒牙测量的形态学测量标准,对牙齿的冠长、根长、全长、颈宽、近中远中径、颊舌径等进行测量并进行统计学分析.结果:回族成人上颌尖牙及下颌磨牙的冠长、上下颌尖牙及上颌第一磨牙的全长均大于蒙古族(P<0.05),回族成人下颌侧切牙的全长、上颌第一前磨牙的近中远中径和颊舌径、上颌第一磨牙的颈宽均小于蒙古族(P<0.05).回族成人较蒙古族成人下颌第二磨牙的根分叉位置更靠近根尖部(P<0.05).结论:回族、蒙古族与汉族成人恒牙牙齿形态存在差异.     

柠檬精油对牙周致病菌抑制作用及其安全性初步研究

目的:探讨柠檬精油对牙周致病菌的体外抗菌活性及对细胞增殖的影响。方法:采用微量液体稀释法测定柠檬精油对Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)及最小杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC);以较低浓度的MIC为标准稀释LEO作为实验组,采用MTT法测定柠檬精油对HUVECs的毒性作用,明确抑菌浓度下LEO的安全性。结果:柠檬精油对牙周主要致病菌均有抑菌作用,Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi的MIC分别是9.0 g/L、4.5 g/L、4.5 g/L、9.0 g/L,Aa、Fn的 MBC是9.0 g/L,Pg、Pi的MBC未测得。1/2MIC、1/20MIC浓度的LEO能够抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长,而低于1/200MIC浓度的LEO则对人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长没有影响,其中1/200MIC浓度的LEO作用明显优于0.02%的CHX。结论:体外环境中,柠檬精油对牙周致病菌Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi具有抗菌活性,低浓度应用对机体相对安全。     

Clinical and pathological aspects on some odontogenic tumors

Odontogenic tumors constitute a very diverse group of lesions that reflects the complex processes of odontogenesis. Controversies over their classification/subtyping, terminology and diagnosis have been persisted, which has direct bearings on therapeutic and/or prognostic implications.     

Computer-assisted planning for maxillofacial prosthodontic rehabilitation

Computerized tomography (CT) planning and the use of CT derived surgical templates for implant placement have shown promise for restoring function within months after surgical reconstruction of acquired post-oncologic defects.     

Effect of Pingyangmycin on human venous malformation endothelial cells

Purpose: Venous malformations are common vascular anomalies with a propensity of the head and neck. Intralesional injection of Pingyangmycin (PYM, bleomycin A5 hydrochloride) is a widely used sclerotherapy method for the treatment of venous malformation.     

Can you be too old for oral implants? An update on ageing and plasticity in the oro‐facial sensorimotor system

This review focuses on the capacity of the brain for plasticity and the utility and efficacy of oral implants in helping to restore oro‐facial sensorimotor functions, especially in elderly patients. The review first outlines the components of the oro‐facial sensorimotor system which encompasses both oro‐facial tissues and a number of brain regions. One such region is the sensorimotor cortex that controls the activity of the numerous oro‐facial skeletal muscles. These muscles are involved in a number of functions including reflexes and the more complex sensorimotor functions of mastication, swallowing and speech. The review outlines the use by the brain of sensory inputs from oro‐facial receptors in order to provide for exquisite sensorimotor control of the activity of the oro‐facial muscles. It highlights the role in this sensorimotor control played by periodontal mechanoreceptors and their sensory inputs to the brain, and how oral implants in concert with the plastic capacity of the brain may, at least in part, compensate for reduced sensorimotor functioning when teeth are lost. It outlines findings of ageing‐related decrements in oro‐facial sensorimotor functions and control. The changes in oro‐facial tissues and the brain that underlie these ageing‐related functional alterations are also considered, along with adaptive and compensatory processes that utilise the brain's capacity for plasticity. The review also notes the evidence t hat rehabilitation that incorporates adjunctive approaches such as sensorimotor training paradigms in addition to oral prostheses such as implants may enhance these processes and help maintain or facilitate recovery of sensorimotor functioning in the elderly.     

Tumor microenvironment in oral cancer: novel approaches for immunotherapy

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), which arises from the squamous mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx, is a major health problem in the US and other parts of the world, especially in developing countries.     

Oropharyngeal dysphagia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis alters quality of life

Dysphagia is one of the most important complications encountered in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Our aim was to determine whether oropharyngeal dysphagia impacted the quality of life (QoL) of patients with ALS. Thirty consecutive patients were recruited (31–82 years, 18 men). Swallowing function was evaluated using a standardised videofluoroscopic barium swallow. All the patients completed a specific questionnaire on quality of life in dysphagia (SWAL‐QoL) immediately after the videofluoroscopy. The results of dysphagia outcome severity scale separated 14 patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia and 16 with normal swallowing function. There was no difference in the average age, weight and body mass index of the two groups (dysphagic patients: 68 ± 11 kg versus non‐dysphagic patients: 69 ± 14 kg). Most of the dysphagic patients had a bulbar affection based on their Norris scores which determine the importance of cranial nerves illness (20 ± 8), significantly lower than those of the non‐dysphagic patients (35 ± 5) (P < 0·0001). There was no difference in the neurological peripheral symptoms evaluated by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale scores (dysphagic patients: 26 ± 7 versus non‐dysphagic patients: 27 ± 8) (ns). The swallowing quality of life questionnaire revealed that the dysphagic patients had significant burden (P < 0·001). They were affected by the necessity to applied a food selection (P < 0·01), by the increase in eating duration (P < 0·05) and described a decrease in eating desire (P < 0·05). They complained of fear regarding the risk of dysphagia (P < 0·05). They also described difficulties with oral communication (P < 0·001). All of those complained about dysphagia which impacted directly mental health (P < 0·05) and social life (P < 0·05). In conclusion, oropharyngeal dysphagia is a common symptom accompanying ALS, which alters the patient's QoL, especially social health.     

Interventional neuroradiologic procedures in the head and neck

Interventional radiology and interventional neuroradiology are evolving specialties which can aid the head and neck surgeons in the clinical management of patients with complex vascular lesions.     

Functional palatomaxillary reconstruction using free tissue transfer

The use of bone containing vascularized flaps has become the gold standard in the reconstruction of composite, post ablative palato-maxillary defects.