正常人上呼吸道软硬组织的X线片测量分析

本研究通过对40名正常人头颅侧位定位片上呼吸道软硬组织的测量分析,初步建立了男女性別上呼吸道上、中、下咽腔大小,软腭长度、厚度,矢状面积,舌的矢状面积,舌骨相对位置的正常值和变异范围;对性別差异的分析表明:男女间在舌的长度、会厌谷与咽后壁的距离,软腭的厚度,会厌谷的垂直位置,舌骨的水平、垂直位置上均存在着差异。     

Uvulo-glosso-pharyngeal dimensions in different anteroposterior skeletal patterns

The aim of this study was to investigate the uvulo-glosso-pharyngeal dimensions in subjects with different anteroposterior jaw relationship. Cephalometric radiograph of 90 subjects (45 females and 45 males, aged 14-17 years) were divided into three groups according to the ANB angle, ie, group 1, skeletal Class I (ANB angle 1-5); group 2, skeletal Class II (ANB angle >5); and group 3, skeletal Class III (ANB angle <1). In addition, each group was divided into two subgroups according to sex. Statistical analysis was undertaken using analysis of variance and least significant difference test. Pearson's Correlation test was also performed. Sex differences were found in Class I and III subjects. No sex differences were detected in Class II subjects. On average, tongue length was significantly shorter in Class III subjects (P < .05), tongue height was reduced in Class II female subjects, the soft palate was thicker in Class III females and the vertical airway length (VAL) was reduced in Class II male subjects (P < .01). In Class II subjects, the hyoid bone was closer to the mandible vertically and to C3 horizontally compared with Class I (P < .01) and Class III (P < .001) male subjects. Anteroposterior skeletal pattern showed a weak, but significant correlation with inferior pharyngeal airway space (R = -0.24, P = .024), vertical position of hyoid bone in relation to mandibular plane (R = -0.26, P = .014), and anteroposterior position of hyoid bone in relation to C3 (R = -0.561, P = .000). In conclusion, uvulo-glosso-pharyngeal dimensions are affected by anteroposterior skeletal pattern.     

Morphological changes in the pharyngeal airway of female skeletal class III patients following bimaxillary surgery: A cone beam computed tomography evaluation

Using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), the present study compared three-dimensional (3D) changes in the pharyngeal airway and surrounding tissues in female skeletal class III patients treated with bimaxillary surgery. Twenty-nine female skeletal class III patients with both maxillary hypoplasia and a mandibular excess underwent bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy for mandibular setback combined with Le Fort I osteotomy for maxillary advancement. Volumetric measurements were performed using CBCT scans taken at 1 week presurgery and 6 months post-surgery. The oropharynx volumes and the cross-sectional area behind the soft palate decreased significantly. There was an insignificant change in the volume of the nasopharynx (P > 0.05). The hyoid bone moved downward and posteriorly after surgery. The morphology of the soft palate also changed dramatically, with an increase in the length and thickness. Negative correlations were found between the pharyngeal airway space and the position of the hyoid bone. The change in morphology of the soft palate was significantly correlated with the changes in hyoid bone position. These 3D results suggest that bimaxillary orthognathic surgery significantly changes the position of the hyoid bone and the soft palate together with a significant decrease in the pharyngeal airway space in the correction of skeletal class III malocclusion.     

Postural variation in oropharyngeal dimensions in subjects with sleep disordered breathing: a cephalometric study

This radiographic study analysed the changes that occurred in the airway and surrounding structures when subjects with sleep disordered breathing moved from the upright to the supine position. Radiographs of 100 dentate, Caucasian males were examined. Fifty individuals were non-apnoeic snorers and in 50 a diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) had been confirmed by polysomnography. Radiographs were traced and digitized and comparisons were made of the behaviour of the oropharynx, soft palate, tongue, and hyoid between the two groups. When moving from the upright to the supine position, both OSA and snoring subjects showed a similar pattern of change. The antero-posterior dimensions of the oropharyngeal airway decreased highly significantly (P < 0.001) at all levels, with a concomitant reduction in cross-sectional area (P < 0.001). The narrowing was most severe behind the soft palate, where the minimum airway reduced by approximately 40 per cent. Behind the tongue, a 20 per cent decrease was seen. The soft palate showed small but significant increases in area, whilst the tongue altered in shape but not in its overall cross-sectional area. In non-apnoeic snorers only, tongue proportion increased (P < 0.05). At the same time, the hyoid dropped and moved anteriorly, maintaining a constant relationship with the lower border of the mandible. There were no differences between the non-apnoeic snorers and the OSA subjects in any of the postural changes recorded.     

骨性Ⅲ类错患者双颌手术后鼻咽及口咽部气道及其周围软硬组织的变化

目的:通过锥形束CT(cone beam computer tomography,CBCT)观察骨性Ⅲ类错患者双颌手术后鼻咽及口咽部气道及其周围软硬组织的变化。方法:纳入双颌手术治疗的骨性Ⅲ类错患者19例,女性12名,男性7名,平均年龄23.8岁。分别于术前1周及术后3个月拍摄CBCT扫描照片,通过Mimics 10.01建立术前及术后鼻咽、口咽气道三维影像并进行测量。结果:术后患者口咽部容积与气道总容积(包括鼻咽与口咽)均显著减小(P<0.05),口咽部气道容积平均减小8.37%,气道总容积平均减小6.91%。术后软腭处气道横截面积平均减小19.83%(P<0.05)。舌骨位置、软腭形态均有明显变化(P<0.05)。术后气道分别与舌骨位置(H-X,H-Y)、软腭形态变化(PNS-UT,U-T,UT/ANS)有显著相关性(P<0.05),软腭形态变化与舌骨位置变化也具有显著相关性(P<0.05)。结论:骨性Ⅲ类错患者双颌术后气道容积减小。     

Cephalometric comparison of pharyngeal changes in subjects with upper airway resistance syndrome or obstructive sleep apnoea in upright and supine positions

The aim of the present study was to cephalometrically compare pharyngeal changes between upright and supine positions in patients with upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) or obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Eighty-two OSA patients, 70 men (mean age 49 +/- 11.8 years) and 12 women (45.9 +/- 8.3 years), underwent cephalometric sleep apnoea analysis. One upright and one supine radiograph were taken of each patient (a total of 164 cephalometric radiographs). The results showed no significant changes either in naso- or hypopharyngeal soft tissues between the two positions. In contrast, the shortest distance from the soft palate (ve1-ve2) and the tip of the soft palate (u1-u2) to the posterior oropharyngeal wall was significantly narrower (P < 0.001) in the supine position. Furthermore, in the supine position a slight thickening in the soft palate (sp1-sp2, P < 0.05) was detected with no change in the length of the soft palate (PNS-u1). The form of the tongue changed significantly: it was shorter (Tt-Tgo, P < 0.001; Tt-va, P < 0.001) and thicker (Ts/Tt-Tgo, P < 0.05) in the supine position. The present results suggest that OSA patients are prone to significant narrowing of their oropharyngeal, but not of their naso- or hypopharyngeal, airways in the supine position. Thus, treatment of OSA and UARS patients should mainly be aimed at preventing further oropharyngeal airway narrowing as a result of supine-dependent sleep.     

儿童上呼吸道阻塞对错牙合畸形患病率和颅颌面生长发育影响研究

目的　研究上呼吸道阻塞患儿错牙合畸形的患病率情况,并利用头影测量分析上呼吸道阻塞对颅颌面生长发育的影响。方法　（1）错牙合畸形患病率调查：选取2017年5—9月于中国医科大学附属盛京医院耳鼻喉科门诊就诊的上呼吸道阻塞患儿176例为病例组（ENT组）,另选取2017年6月于辽宁省沈阳市光明中学七年级和塔湾小学三年级进行口颌面错牙合畸形普查的中小学生485名为对照组（GS组）。比较两组人群不同牙合期和整体错牙合畸形的患病率,并统计不同牙合期错牙合畸形的安氏分类构成比。（2）头影测量分析：选取2017年5—9月于中国医科大学附属盛京医院耳鼻喉科门诊就诊的上呼吸道阻塞并进行正畸治疗的患儿32例为病例组（H组）,另选取2016年1月至2017年12月于中国医科大学附属口腔医院正畸科就诊的上呼吸道通畅并进行正畸治疗的患儿32例为对照组（N组）。分别对两组患儿的颅颌面软硬组织、气道矢状径间隙和舌骨位置进行测量,采用独立样本t检验对两组测量值进行统计学分析。结果　（1）ENT组患儿替牙牙合期、乳牙牙合期以及整体错牙合畸形的患病率均高于GS组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）,但恒牙牙合期两组患病率的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。（2）H组和N组患儿,在颅颌面软硬组织测量指标中,仅下颌平面角（SNGoGn）测量结果差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;在气道间隙矢状径测量中,软腭上后气道间隙（PNS-UPW）、软腭中后气道间隙（SPP-SPPW）、气道间隙最窄处距离（Mc1-Mc2）3项指标测量结果差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;在舌骨垂直向位置测量中,H点到腭平面的距离（H-PP）、H点与后鼻棘点的距离（H-PNS）、H点到下颌平面的距离（H-MP）和H点与第三颈椎垂直距离［H-C3（V）］4项指标测量结果差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论　上呼吸道阻塞患儿的错牙合畸形患病率明显高于普通人群。在生长发育期,上呼吸道阻塞易导致下颌骨的垂直向生长、咽腔上部矢状间隙的减小和舌骨位置下降改变。     

Surgical mandibular advancement and changes in uvuloglossopharyngeal morphology and head posture: a short- and long-term cephalometric study in males

The aim of the present study was to investigate, by means of an extensive cephalometric examination, the alterations which took place in hyoid bone position, head posture, position and morphology of the soft palate, and tongue and sagittal dimensions of the pharyngeal airway after mandibular advancement osteotomy for the correction of mandibular retrognathism. The sample consisted only of adult males who underwent mandibular advancement by bilateral sagittal ramus split osteotomy (BSRO) with rigid fixation. Profile cephalograms were obtained 1-3 days before surgery (20 subjects), and 6 months (20 subjects) and 3 years (19 subjects) after the surgery. Statistical evaluation was performed by paired Student's t-test and Pearson product moment correlation analysis. At the short-term follow-up, hyoid bone and vallecula assumed a more superior (AH perpendicular FH, AH perpendicular ML, AH perpendicular S, V perpendicular FH) and anterior position (AH-C3 Hor, V-C3), which was maintained at the long-term follow-up. The soft palate (NL/PM-U) became more upright at the short-term follow-up. The tongue demonstrated a transient increase in height (H perpendicular VT) and a less upright position (VT/FH) at the long-term observation. In addition, a more upright cervical spine (OPT/HOR, CVT/HOR) was recorded at the long-term follow-up. The pharyngeal airway space at the level of the oropharynx (U-MPW) and the retroglossal space at the base of the tongue (PASmin) showed an increase in the sagittal dimension at the short-term follow-up. Significant widening at the PASmin level was sustained at the long-term follow-up, indicating that mandibular advancement osteotomy could increase airway patency and be a treatment approach for sleep apnoea in selected patients.     

��ͯ�Ϻ����������Դ����ϻ��λ����ʺ�­�����������Ӱ���о�

??Objective??To explore the effects of upper airway obstruction on the prevalence of malocclusion in children??and use the cephalometrics to study the effects of upper airway obstruction on craniomaxillofacial growth and development. Methods????1??Prevalence of malocclusion??craniomaxillofacial examination was carried out respectively on 176 children with upper airway obstruction in ENT Department??Group ENT?? and on 485 primary and middle school students??Group GS??. The total prevalence of malocclusion and the prevalence of malocclusion of different dental stages were compared between two groups of children. Then count the malocclusion constitute ratio on Angel??s classification. ??2??Cephalometric analysis??there were 32 patients with upper airway obstruction from ENT department as orthodontic treatment group??Group H??and 32 patients without the upper airway obstruction as orthodontic clinic group??Group N??. Measure the cephalometrics of craniomaxillofacial soft and hard tissue??upper airway sagittal dimension and hyoid bone position??then statistical analysis was done by independent-sample t-test. Results??The prevalence of malocclusion of primary dentition period??mixed dentition period and total prevalence of malocclusion in Group ENT were higher than Group GS with statistical significance??P??0.001??. There was no significant difference between the two groups in permanent dentition period??P??0.05??. Between Group H and Group N??in craniomaxillofacial soft and hard tissue measurements??only SNGoGn had statistical difference??P??0.05????there were significant differences in three parameters of upper airway??posterior nasal spine point to the pharyngeal wall ??PNS-UPW????middle soft palate to the posterior pharyngeal wall??SPP-SPPW??and narrowest airway clearance??Mc1-Mc2????P??0.05????the measurements of H-PP??H-PNS??H-MP and H-C3??V?? representing the vertical position of the hyoid bone had statistically significant differences ??P??0.05??while no other measurements were statistically significant. Conclusion??The prevalence of malocclusion in children with upper airway obstruction is significantly higher than that of the normal population. Children with upper airway obstruction during their growth and development are prone to have vertical mandibular growth??a reduction in the upper pharyngeal sagittal dimension and lower hyoid position.     

Cephalometric study of the upper airway in surgically corrected class III skeletal deformity

Changes in the upper airway after surgical correction of Class III skeletal dentofacial deformity were investigated by measurement of the cephalometric radiographs of 70 Class III subjects before surgery and 6 months after surgery. Comparison of the results with those of a normal group of 74 subjects without deformity or surgery was also carried out. Gender dimorphism in measurements and type of surgery performed were taken into account. Results showed that postoperatively the soft palate and hyoid bone were posteriorly displaced in men, the oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and minimal airway depth were reduced, but in women, the minimal depth was not reduced. In the mandibular setback group, men showed posterior movement of the tongue base, with decrease in minimal airway depth. In the maxillary advancement group, nasopharyngeal depth increased in both genders. In the bimaxillary surgery group, the soft palate moved posteriorly and the tongue occupied a larger proportion of the airway in both genders. The hyoid was displaced backwards in women, while men showed a decrease in both oropharyngeal and minimal airway depth. In comparison with normal subjects, postoperative measurements indicated that the soft palate was reduced in length, thickness, and area, and the base of the tongue was more posterior. Minimal pharyngeal depth was reduced in both genders. After mandibular setback, the tongue base was more posterior and the hypopharyngeal depth was reduced. The bimaxillary surgery group also demonstrated a more posterior tongue base but without reduction of the hypopharyngeal depth. The mandibular setback group should be most at risk of obstructive sleep apnea, but compensatory changes in soft palate morphology may explain the low occurrence in practice.     

Reliability of Lateral Cephalometric Radiographs in the Assessment of the Upper Airway in Children: A Retrospective study

ObjectivesTo test the reliability of Lateral cephalometric radiographs (LCRs) for use in the assessment of the upper airway, hyoid bone, soft palate, and tongue.Materials and MethodsThe records of 57 healthy Chinese children from a nonhospital population (mean age = 12.6 years, SD = 0.5, 28 males and 29 females) who received two consecutive LCRs in the natural head posture were retrospectively analyzed. Fifteen linear, angular, and area measurements were used to describe the airway, hyoid bone, soft palate, and tongue. The reliability between the two LCRs was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and F-test. Errors were estimated with the Dahlberg and Bland-Altman method, and intra- and inter-assessor agreements were determined.ResultsMeasurements of upper airway and hyoid bone had excellent method reliability, intra-assessor reliability, and inter-assessor reliability (ICC > 0.8). However, the method reliability and the inter-assessor reliability for soft palate and tongue was less favorable (ICC from 0.60 to 0.96). Soft palate area and thickness were the most critical parameters. Intra-assessor reliability was greater than both method reliability and inter-assessor reliability (which were similar).ConclusionsThe measurement of upper airway morphology, defined as the intramural space, and of the hyoid bone position were highly reliable on LCRs of children. However, the limited reliability in the assessment of tongue and soft palate area may compromise the diagnostic application of LCRs to these structures.     

Cephalometric comparisons between Chinese and Caucasian patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

The purpose of this study was to compare two groups of adult men from different ethnic backgrounds and with obstructive sleep apnea; they were selected by matching age, gender, skeletal pattern, body mass index, and respiratory disturbance index. Pretreatment cephalometric radiographs and overnight polysomnograms of 30 Chinese and 43 Caucasian patients with Class II, Division 1 malocclusions were analyzed to investigate if there were craniofacial and upper airway structural differences between the two ethnic groups. The Chinese group, when compared with the group of Caucasian patients, revealed more severe underlying craniofacial skeletal discrepancies with significantly smaller maxilla and mandibles, more severe mandibular retrognathism, proclined lower incisors, increased total and upper facial heights, and steeper and shorter anterior cranial bases. However, no significant differences were found between the two groups in posterior facial height, ratio of upper to lower anterior facial height, and the position of hyoid bone, maxilla, and upper incisors. With regard to soft tissue and upper airway measurements, there were no significant ethnic differences in tongue and soft palate size, vertical length of oropharynx, and anteroposterior dimensions of the upper airway at most of the levels except for a larger super-posterior airway space, a larger nasopharynx and oropharynx cross-sectional area, and a smaller tongue height in the Chinese group. We conclude that there are a number of craniofacial and upper airway structures that differ between the two ethnic groups that may be relevant to the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in various ethnic groups.     

男性儿童 OSAS上气道及周围结构X线头影测量研究

目的本文旨在对儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(简称OSAS)患者的上气道及其周围结构进行X线头影测量研究。方法运用计算机辅助X线头影测量技术,对7例替牙期男性儿童OSAS进行了颅、面、颌、咽部形态特征研究,并与正常儿童作比较。结果替牙期男性OSAS患者颅底长度、腭平面角和下颌平面角均增大,舌体高度增加,舌骨位置下降,舌根和软腭后气道前后径减小,软腭与舌体占整个口咽腔的比例增大。结论儿童OSAS患者的颅、面、颌、咽部结构存在有别于正常儿童的异常特征。X线头影测量是一种简便而实用的评估OSAS的方法,有助于临床诊断和治疗计划的制定。     

正常男性青、老年人上气道结构的矢状面测量分析

目的　探讨无鼾正常男性青年及老年人群上气道及周围组织 5 2项测量项目的正常值范围 ,比较两组间差异。方法　摄取无鼾正常男性青年 47名、老年 3 8名的X线头颅定位侧位片并使用开发软件测量上气道及周围结构 5 2个测量项目 ,对测量值进行统计学T检验。结果　两组人群多为低角面型。老年组下颌骨颏部靠后 ,会厌及舌骨靠前下方 ,上气道鼻咽径及会厌至咽后壁距较宽 ,悬雍垂尖至咽后壁距较窄 ,软腭长而肥厚 ,舌体厚而较直立 ,与软腭接触长度大 ,舌及软腭占口腔及上气道面积较大。结论　二组上气道结构有差异 ,应分年龄段建立上气道及周围结构的正常值范围     

A cephalometric comparison of subjects with snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea

This prospective study analysed the upright lateral cephalometric radiographs of 115 dentate, Caucasian males. Forty-five subjects exhibited proven obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), 46 were simple snorers, and the remaining 24 subjects, who had no history of respiratory disease and did not snore, acted as controls. Radiographs were traced and digitized, and comparisons were made of the dento-skeletal, soft tissue, and oropharyngeal features of the three groups. Differences were also sought between the snoring and OSA subjects. Of the hard tissue measurements, only the cranial base angle and mandibular body length showed significant inter-group differences (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). When the airway and associated structures were examined, both snorers and OSA subjects exhibited narrower airways, reduced oropharyngeal areas, shorter and thicker soft palates, and larger tongues than their control counterparts. Comparison of the two sleep disordered breathing groups showed no differences in any of the skeletal or dental variables examined. However in OSA subjects, the soft palate was larger and thicker (P < 0.05), both lingual and oropharyngeal areas were increased (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) and the hyoid was further from the mandibular plane (P < 0.05). Thus, whilst the dento-skeletal patterns of snorers resembled those of subjects with OSA, some differences in soft tissue and hyoid orientation were apparent. There was not, however, a recognizable gradation in size of the airway and its associated structures from control through snoring to OSA subjects. This suggests that there may be a cephalometrically recognizable predisposition towards the development of sleep disordered breathing, but that this is only one facet of the condition.     

下颌后退术后舌骨、舌体位置和咽腔间隙变化的锥形束CT分析

目的研究正畸-正颌联合治疗骨性Ⅲ类错畸形对舌骨、舌体位置和咽腔间隙的影响,分析下颌后退与舌骨、舌体位置改变和咽腔间隙缩窄之间的相关性。方法选取经正畸-正颌联合治疗的患者20例为研究对象,于正颌手术前1周及术后6个月拍摄锥形束CT,三维重建颅颌面、气道及舌骨的立体模型,建立以蝶鞍中心（S）点为原点的三维坐标系。测量治疗前后咽腔各段最窄处的矢状径、冠状径、截面积,各段容积和咽腔总容积,同时测量颏前点、舌骨点、舌根点的三维位置,分析颏前点的变化与咽腔间隙及舌骨、舌体位置变化的相关性。结果治疗后,咽腔间隙呈现整体缩窄趋势。舌骨发生了后下移位,其中向后、向下平均移动距离分别为5.72、2.76 mm（P<0.05）;舌根点向后平均移动了4.04 mm（P<0.01）。19项相关性比较中,有统计学意义的项目有14项,其中下颌后退量与咽腔总容积改变的相关性最强（r=0.834,P<0.01）。结论正畸-正颌联合治疗骨性Ⅲ类错畸形可造成咽腔缩窄,舌骨后下移位,舌体向后移位;下颌后退量与咽腔间隙缩窄、舌骨和舌体位置的改变具有较强的相关性。     

UPPP、颏前徙术及舌骨悬吊术对OSAS患者上气道影响的初步分析

目的:本研究通过不同手术方法对上气道影响的初步定量分析，为阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者选择手术方法及术后疗效评估提供有关依据。方法：对10例经手术治疗的OSAS患者做头影测量分析，比较手术前后上气道结构的变化。结果：悬雍垂腭咽成形术(UPPP)术后腭后气道最小矢径平均增加(2.0±0.58)mm，软腭切除长度与腭后气道最小矢径增加程度无相关性；颏前徙术后舌后气道最小矢径平均增加(4.1±2.2)mm，须点前移与舌后气道最小矢径增加值呈显著正相关；舌骨悬吊术后下咽气道矢径平均增加(2.93±1.2)mm，舌骨前移值与下咽气道矢径增加值呈正相关。结论：UPPP术式对扩大腭后气道矢径有意义；颏前徙术及舌骨悬吊术可以扩大舌后气道及下咽气道。骨组织的前移与咽前壁软组织的前移呈正相关。     

The effects of sex,skeletal age,and sagittal skeletal pattern on pharyngeal airway dimensions and related structures in growing Thai orthodontic patients

Purpose

To evaluate the effects of sex, skeletal age, sagittal skeletal pattern, and the interaction among these three factors on the pharyngeal airway widths and areas, and the positions and dimensions of surrounding structures.

Changes in position of the hyoid bone and volume of the pharyngeal airway after mandibular setback: three-dimensional analysis

Important aspects of orthognathic surgery are the effects of skeletal movement and changes in the position of the hyoid bone, tongue, soft palate, and dimensions of the pharyngeal airway. Our aims were to evaluate the 3-dimensional changes in the pharyngeal airway and in the position of the hyoid bone after mandibular setback in 30 patients who were diagnosed with mandibular prognathism and were treated by intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO). Three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomographic (CT) images were obtained preoperatively, one month postoperatively, and one year postoperatively. The total pharyngeal volume decreased between the preoperative state and one month and one year afterwards. The hyoid bone had moved 2.0 mm posteriorly and 3.15 mm superiorly by one month postoperatively. The position of the hyoid bone was affected by changes in posterior and superior movement of the B point at one month (r = 0.44, p = 0.015 and R = 0.63, p = 0.000, respectively) and also by superior movement of the B point at one year (r = 0.57, p = ?0.001). There was an advantageous relation between posterior positional changes in the B point (mandibular setback), and volumetric changes in the hypopharyngeal and total pharyngeal airway, so maxillofacial surgeons should consider the reduction in airway when planning excessive mandibular setback.     

OSAS患者的颅面上气道结构的矢状面测量分析

目的:研究OSAS患者的颅面上气道形态异常,探讨OSAS患者的结构性致病因素。方法:31名男性OSAS患者与16名无自觉症状的男性组成的对照组进行颅面结构上气道的头影测量比较。结果:与对照组相比,OSAS患者存在ANB角大,颌凸角大,具有安氏II类骨型的趋势。表现出舌骨位置靠前,舌体长大,骨性鼻咽高度降低,软腭后间隙窄。结论:OSAS患者颅面形态倾向于安氏II类骨型,气道狭窄处在鼻咽、腭咽,说明结构性致病因素不容忽视。