牙周炎患者拔牙创骨密度变化的测量分析

目的 探讨因牙周炎拔牙后牙槽骨骨密度的变化。方法 采用双能X线吸收法测量不同原因拔牙后牙槽骨骨密度有腰椎椎体骨密度。结果 牙周炎组牙槽骨骨密度变化值低于非牙周炎组；牙周炎患者腰椎椎体骨密度与非牙周炎患者腰椎椎体骨密度无显著性差异。结论 牙周炎患者拔牙后牙槽骨整合速度低于非牙周炎者的愈合速度，这是由于局部炎症的持续作用造成的，全身骨密度状况并不是影响牙周炎的主要因素。     

牙周炎患者与正常人腰椎和髋部骨密度值的比较

目的：探讨牙周炎与人体骨密度（Bone mineral density,BMD)之间的关系。方法：收集中度到重度成人牙周炎患者20例，牙周组织健康者20例，采用双能X线骨密度仪（Dual energy x-ray absorptiome-try DEXA）测定每例研究对象的腰椎和髋部骨密度值，结果：牙周炎组髋部骨密度值低于牙周组织健康组，差异有高度显著性（P＜0．01），两组 腰椎骨密度值差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论：牙周炎与髋部骨量减少有关。     

标准化数字式曲面体层片检测牙周炎患者颌骨骨密度的应用评价

目的比较牙周炎患者与正常人群下颌骨相关指标的差异，寻找一种简单有效的测量牙槽骨骨密度的方法，探讨牙周炎患者局部骨改变和全身骨改变的相关性。方法应用计算机处理软件在60例牙周炎患者和60例牙周健康者的下颌骨数字曲面体层片上测量牙槽骨骨密度（用灰度值表示）和骨高度、颏孔区下颌骨下缘皮质骨厚度（CW）、曲面体层下颌指数（PMI）。用SPSS 12.0软件对数据进行统计学处理。结果牙周炎组牙槽骨灰度值、牙槽骨骨高度、CW和PMI分别为106.08±23.95、（8.76±2.27）mm、（3.80±0.82）mm和0.31±0.06；牙周健康组的4项测量指标分别为113.33±23.79、（11.85±1.62）mm、（4.27±0.70）mm和0.33±0.06。经统计学检验，两组牙槽骨灰度值、牙槽骨骨高度和CW有统计学差异（P<0.05），而PMI无统计学差异（P>0.05）；牙槽骨灰度值、牙槽骨骨高度、PMI与CW均有相关关系（P<0.05），而牙槽骨灰度值、牙槽骨骨高度与PMI无相关关系（P>0.05）。结论建立在标准化数字式曲面体层片的计算机灰度法是一种简单有效的测量牙槽骨骨密度的方法。与正常人相比，牙周炎患者的牙槽骨骨高度和骨密度有所降低，下颌骨下缘皮质骨吸收变薄。     

下颌骨骨质丧失与骨质疏松症关系的X线分析

目的 探讨骨质疏松症在下颌骨的表现。方法 选择骨质疏松症和骨密度正常者的曲面断层片各50例。采用下颌骨形态分级进行分析。结果 骨质疏松症与牙槽骨骨小梁，下颌管管壁和下颌骨下缘骨皮质吸收之间明显相关，与牙槽骨高度无相关性。结论 全身骨质疏松患者，其下颌也有相应表现。     

应用锥形束CT浅析牙周基础治疗对慢性牙周炎牙槽骨骨量的影响

目的:应用锥形束CT及Simplant软件测量分析不同类型、不同年龄段的慢性牙周炎患者,经过牙周基础治疗后牙槽骨的骨量恢复情况,以期为进一步治疗计划的制定提供临床依据。方法:采用单纯随机抽样法选取2012年2月~2013年2月就诊于中国医科大学附属口腔医院的慢性牙周炎患者50例,其中轻度牙周炎患者15例,中度牙周炎患者18例,重度牙周炎患者17例。采用Simplant软件及t检验观测并比较基线及牙周基础治疗后6个月慢性牙周炎个体的牙槽骨缺损程度,是否进行了统计学分析,请简要补充统计方法及检验水准。结果:不同年龄、不同病损程度的慢性牙周炎患者治疗后6个月与治疗前相比, 牙槽骨高度和相对骨密度均有改善。<50岁的轻度、中度牙周炎患者治疗后6个月的牙槽骨密度均显著高于治疗前(P<0.05),牙槽骨距釉牙骨质界的缺损高度均有降低,但与治疗前相比差异均无统计学意义;重度牙周炎患者治疗前后牙槽骨密度和牙槽骨缺损高度均有改善但差异均无统计学意义。随着年龄的增长,牙槽骨缺损高度及相对骨密度的改善程度呈下降趋势且治疗前后差异无统计学意义;前磨牙及磨牙的近中、远中位点治疗后6个月牙槽骨缺损高度及相对骨密度较其他位点改善明显(P<0.05)。结论:牙周基础治疗在一定程度上可有效改善慢性牙周炎的牙槽骨缺损高度和相对骨密度;锥形束CT及Simplant软件的应用有助于评估治疗前后牙槽骨骨量的变化。     

糖尿病大鼠牙槽骨骨密度与全身骨密度变化的相关实验研究

目的比较雌、雄性糖尿病大鼠牙槽骨骨密度的改变以及雄性糖尿病大鼠全身骨密度的改变。方法将40只Wistar大鼠分为糖尿病组（雌、雄性大鼠各15只）和对照组（雌、雄性大鼠各5只）。腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）制备糖尿病大鼠模型,检测糖尿病组和对照组大鼠血糖、血清胰岛素和骨代谢指标,检测下颌牙槽骨、股骨和腰椎的骨密度。结果对照组和糖尿病组雄性大鼠下颌牙槽骨骨密度均高于雌性大鼠（P<0.05）;糖尿病组雌、雄性大鼠下颌牙槽骨骨密度分别低于对照组雌、雄性大鼠（P<0.05）。对照组雄性大鼠的骨密度由高至低依次为股骨、下颌牙槽骨、腰椎;糖尿病组雄性大鼠的骨密度由高至低依次为下颌牙槽骨、股骨、腰椎。结论糖尿病雌、雄性大鼠下颌牙槽骨发生了糖尿病性骨质疏松,且雌性大鼠骨质疏松更严重;雄性糖尿病大鼠下颌牙槽骨、股骨和腰椎骨密度较对照组低,下颌牙槽骨骨密度变化与股骨和腰椎的变化相一致,或是糖尿病组大鼠下颌牙槽骨骨密度变化滞后于股骨和腰椎骨密度的变化。     

老年性骨质疏松症患者下颌骨骨密度的检测分析

目的 研究老年性骨质疏松症患者下颌骨骨密度的改变,探讨下颌骨骨密度改变与全身骨密度改变的相关性.方法 对加例老年性骨质疏松症患者(A组)、40名非骨质疏松症老年志愿者(B组)和40名青年健康志愿者(C组)摄取标准化数字曲面体层X线片;应用计算机图像处理软件对标准化数字曲面体层X线片的下颌骨下缘皮质骨厚度、曲面体层下颌指数、牙槽骨骨密度、牙槽骨骨高度进行测量.使用双能X线吸收骨密度仪测量腰椎及髋关节骨密度.结果 A组下颌骨下缘皮质骨厚度(3.57±0.82)与全身骨密度显著相关(P＜0.05).A组与C组标准化数字曲面体层X线片测量指标(下颌骨下缘皮质骨厚度、曲面体层下颌指数、牙槽骨骨密度、牙槽骨骨高度)差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);A组下颌骨下缘皮质骨厚度(3.57±0.82)与曲面体层下颌指数(0.29±0.06)与B组(下颌骨下缘皮质骨厚度:4.07±0.75,曲面体层下颌指数:0.32±0.07),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);B组牙槽骨骨密度(105.40±20.48)与牙槽骨骨高度(10.42±1.82)与C组(牙槽骨骨密度:117.10±22.23,牙槽骨骨高度:11.69±1.63)差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 老年性骨质疏松症患者下颌骨下缘皮质骨丢失明显,骨质疏松症对健康牙槽骨没有显著影响,其牙槽骨骨丢失主要为一种增龄性改变.     

骨质疏松症与重度慢性牙周炎之间的相关因素探讨

目的:探讨骨质疏松症与慢性牙周炎之间的相关性。方法:对126例骨质疏松症病人和143例骨密度正常者进行牙周组织检查,根据诊断标准,将诊断为牙周健康者以及轻、中、重度慢性牙周炎病人进行统计分析。结果:慢性牙周炎在骨质疏松症病人与非骨质疏松症者中的患病率无显著性差异(P>0.05),重度慢性牙周炎在骨质疏松症病人与非骨质疏松症者中的患病率有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:骨质疏松症可能是重度慢性牙周炎的危险因素。     

牙槽突吸收和骨密度关系的X线分析

本文将５９名做过腰椎骨密度测量的研究对象，分为骨密度正常组和骨质疏松组，在曲面体层Ｘ线片上测量牙槽突吸收多少，把现货且数据做统计学处理，证明牙槽突吸收和骨密度无相关关系（Ｐ〉０．０５）。５９个研究对象中，１２例临床上比较详细地检查并记录了牙周组织损害程度。两组观察结果显示牙周炎和骨密度无关。     

骨碎补总黄酮对骨质疏松症患者牙槽骨的影响

目的: 研究骨碎补总黄酮对合并牙列缺损或缺失的骨质疏松症患者牙槽骨高度、厚度、骨密度及牙槽嵴顶宽度的影响。方法: 将符合纳入标准的46例患者随机分为实验组和对照组,每组23例,实验组服用强骨胶囊,对照组服用阿仑膦酸钠片;于药物治疗前及治疗后1、3、6个月时分别行锥形束CT（CBCT）检查,应用Anatomage invivo 5软件测量并观察牙槽骨高度、厚度、骨密度及牙槽嵴顶宽度的变化,采用SPSS17.0软件包进行统计学分析。结果: 对照组牙槽骨颊(唇)侧皮质骨的骨密度在药物治疗后1个月时较实验组显著升高（P<0.05）,实验组牙槽骨的颊（唇）侧皮质骨骨密度在药物治疗后3个月和6个月时均较对照组显著升高（P<0.05）。对照组牙槽嵴顶宽度和牙槽骨的颊（唇）侧皮质骨厚度在药物治疗后3个月较实验组显著升高（P<0.05）,在药物治疗后6个月时,2组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。不同时点实验组和对照组在基骨的颊（唇）侧皮质骨、松质骨、腭（舌）侧皮质骨的厚度变化均无显著差异（P>0.05）。结论: 骨碎补总黄酮能显著增加骨质疏松症患者牙槽骨骨密度,在增加牙槽骨的颊（唇）侧皮质骨的骨密度上较阿仑膦酸钠存在优势;骨碎补总黄酮能增加骨质疏松症患者牙槽骨的颊（唇）侧皮质骨厚度,对牙槽嵴顶宽度、牙槽骨高度影响不大。     

Influence of temporary cements on bond strength between resin-based luting agents and dentin

PURPOSE: To examine the influence of temporary cements on the strength of the bond formed between resin-based luting agents and dentin. METHODS: An acrylic resin plate was luted to bovine dentin using one of three temporary cements; HY-Bond Temporary Cement Hard (HYB), Freegenol Temporary Pack (FTP), or Neodyne T (NDT). The control group (CON) was not treated with cement. Following the removal of the temporary cement, each dentin substrate was bonded to a silane-treated ceramic material (IPS Empress) with one of four luting agents; Super-Bond C&B (SCB), Panavia F (PAF), Nexus II (NEX), or Fuji Luting S (FLS). The specimens were immersed in water for 24 hours and the strength of the bond to shearing forces was determined. RESULTS: The bond strengths (in MPa), with statistical categories shown in parentheses were: HYB (25.7, a), CON (23.5, a, b), FTP (19.8, b, c), and NDT (16.8, c, d) for the SCB system; FTP (13.8, d, e), CON (12.9, d, e), NDT (10.6, e, f), and HYB (7.8, f, g, h) for the PAF system; FTP (9.2, e, f, g), CON (7.9, f, g, h), HYB (7.7, f, g, h), NDT (7.1, f, g, h) for the NEX agent; and FTP (5.2, g, h, i), CON (3.7, h, i), NDT (3.0, h, i), HYB (1.6, i) for the FLS agent, (P< 0.05).     

The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in patients visiting a dental school in Southern India.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in Manipal, Karnataka State, India. A total of 1190 subjects who visited the department of oral medicine and radiology for diagnosis of various oral complaints over a period of 3 months were interviewed and clinically examined for oral mucosal lesions. The result showed the presence of one or more mucosal lesions in (41.2%) of the population. Fordyce's condition was observed most frequently (6.55%) followed by frictional keratosis (5.79%), fissured tongue (5.71%), leukoedema (3.78%), smoker's palate (2.77%), recurrent aphthae, oral submucous fibrosis (2.01%), oral malignancies (1.76%), leukoplakia (1.59%), median rhomboid glossitis (1.50%), candidiasis (1.3%), lichen planus (1.20%), varices (1.17%), traumatic ulcer and oral hairy leukoplakia (1.008%), denture stomatitis, geographic tongue, betel chewer's mucosa and irritational fibroma (0.84%), herpes labialis, angular cheilitis (0.58%), and mucocele (0.16%). Mucosal lesions like tobacco-related lesions (leukoplakia, smoker's palate, oral submucous fibrosis, and oral malignancies) were more prevalent among men than among women. Denture stomatitis, herpes labialis, and angular cheilitis occurred more frequently in the female population.     

An audit on orthognathic surgery: a single surgeon's experience

The aim of this article was to present a retrospective audit on a single surgeon's experience with orthognathic surgery. This was a retrospective review of orthognathic cases performed from January 1, 2000, to January 1, 2006. There were 37 male and 65 female patients with a mean age of 20 years. Predisposing conditions included: unilateral cleft lip and palate (40), bilateral cleft lip and palate (15), cleft palate (three), hemifacial microsomia (three), posttraumatic (three), fibrous dysplasia (one), Romberg's disease (one), cavernous hemangioma (one), Crouzon's syndrome (one), and developmental deformities (34: 13 prognathism, 12 class III, six class II, three vertical maxillary excess). Indications for surgery included: class III malocclusion (89), class II malocclusion (six), facial asymmetry (three), vertical maxillary excess (three), crossbite (one). The majority of surgeries performed were Le Fort I osteotomy alone (33) and bimaxillary osteotomy (32). Overall median duration for all surgery was 2 hours 45 minutes (range, 1 hour 15 minutes to 8 hours 45 minutes), median blood loss was 720 mL (range, 100-6500 mL), and mean hospitalization stay was 4.3 days (range, 1-10 days). The mean duration of follow up was 24 months. Postoperatively, class I occlusion was obtained in 92 patients and class II occlusion in two patients. Relapse occurred in five (4.9%) patients (one had reoperation). Readjustment was done for three patients. Excessive bleeding occurred from the facial artery, maxillary artery, and pterygoid plexus separately in three patients. Readmission for secondary hemorrhage occurred twice and inferior alveolar nerve injury occurred once.     

Oral anomalies in Nigerian children

A total of 2203 Nigerian school-age children (10-19 yr) were examined clinically for the presence of oral anomalies. The following prevalence figures were found: commissural lip pits (2.9%), ankyloglossia (0.2%), geographic tongue (0.3%), fissured tongue (0.8%), torus palatinus (4.5%), torus mandibularis (1.9%), snowcap type amelogenesis imperfecta (0.2%), localized enamel hypomaturation (11.7%), missing lateral incisors (0.7%), and peg lateral incisors (1.5%). None of the following conditions was found: cleft chin, cleft lip, double lip, medium rhomboid glossitis, bifid tongue, macroglossia, cleft palate or cleft lip and palate.     

Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in elderly people in Santiago, Chile

BACKGROUND: Oral prevalence studies are important to know the state of health and the needs of treatment. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions and associated factors among aging Chileans. METHODS: A random sample by age, gender, and socioeconomic status was obtained, comprising 889 individuals older than 65 years. Individuals were interviewed and examined in Santiago, the capital of Chile, according to the World Health Organization guidelines. RESULTS: The prevalence of one or more oral mucosal lesions in the sample was 53%. Logistic regression model revealed that denture use increased the probability of one or more oral mucosal lesions by threefold, while age, gender, smoking, medication use, xerostomia, and social or cultural factors had no effect. The most common lesion was denture stomatitis (22.3%), followed by irritative hyperplasia (9.4%), oral mucosal varicosities (9%), solitary pigmented lesions (4%), traumatic ulcer (3.5%), angular cheilitis (2.9%), multiple pigmented lesions (2.8%), hemangioma (2.3%), lichen planus (2.1%), leukoplakia (1.7%), recurrent aphthous stomatitis (1.4%), nicotine stomatitis (1.3%), median rhomboid glossitis (0.9%), actinic cheilitis (0.9%), pyogenic granuloma (0.7%), oral squamous papiloma (0.6%), and mucocele (0.2%). One case of oral cancer was observed. Different factors increased the probability of specific oral mucosal pathologies. CONCLUSIONS: We can conclude that oral mucosal lesions are common in elderly people in Santiago, suggesting the necessity for improved standards of prevention, and diagnostic and opportune treatment of these lesions.     

Oral mucosa alterations in chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis due to HBV or HCV infection

The aim of the study was to evaluate the character of lesions within oral mucosa in patients suffering from chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver due to either HBV or HCV infection. A total of 74 patients treated at the Clinic of Infectious Diseases in Wroc?aw for chronic hepatitis B (20 patients, group I) and for chronic hepatitis C (23 patients group III) and cirrhosis of the liver due to HBV (15 patients , group II) and HCV (16 patients, group IV) infection. The control group comprised 29 healthy subjects. Lesions within the oral mucosa found on clinical examinations were confirmed with a histopathological evaluation. Patients suffering from chronic hepatitis B revealed leukoplakia (1/20), melanoplakia (1/20), petechiae (1/20), 17 patients from this group did not show any changes. Patients suffering from chronic hepatitis C revealed leukoplakia (6/23), Delbanco's disease (2/23), melanoplakia (1/23), lichen planus (1/23), petechiae (1/23), 12 patients from this group did not show any changes. Patients suffering from cirrhosis of the liver due of HBV infection revealed leukoplakia (3/15) petechiae (2/15), Delbanco's disease (1/15), angular cheilitis (1/15), aphthae (1/15), 7 patients from this group did not reveal any changes. Patients suffering from cirrhosis of the liver due of HCV infection revealed petechiae (2/16), melanoplakia (1/16), candidosis (1/16), labial herpes (1/16), 11 patients from this group did not reveal any changes. In control group we observed leukoplakia (3/29), Delbanco's disease (1/29), labial herpes (1/29), petechiae (1/29), and 23 subjects did not present pathological lesions within the oral mucosa. Results indicate the lack of connection between chronic HBV and HCV infection as well as the stage of the disease with the incidence and character of oral lesions in oral mucosa.     

翼腭窝纤维黏液样梭形细胞瘤1例报告

翼腭窝是位于上颌窦后壁和蝶骨翼突前表面之间的一小块区域,很少有肿瘤原发于翼腭窝。本文报告1例罕见的发生于翼腭窝的纤维黏液样梭形细胞瘤,并探讨其手术方案、治疗及预后。患者为58岁女性,CT显示右侧翼腭窝区呈结节状低密度影,增强CT显示翼腭窝区强化,边界不清,相邻的上颌窦壁强化,且与强化区相邻的上颌骨和右侧肌肉受压迫。组织病理学诊断为翼腭窝梭形细胞瘤,根据形态学特征确诊为骨结缔组织增生性纤维瘤,肿瘤周围有黏液样变性。免疫组织化学染色示CK(-), S-100(-), AE1/AE3(-), SMA(-), CD34(-), Des(-), MUC-4(-), p63(-), STAT-6(-),β-catering (nuclear -), Dog1(-),Ki-67阳性率为2%。     

Antioxidant activity by DPPH assay of potential solutions to be applied on bleached teeth

The aim of this study was to assess, using the DPPH assay, the antioxidant activity of several substances that could be proposed to immediately revert the problems caused by bleaching procedures. The percentage of antioxidant activity (AA%) of 10% ascorbic acid solution (AAcidS), 10% ascorbic acid gel (AAcidG), 10% sodium ascorbate solution (SodAsS), 10% sodium ascorbate gel (SodAsG), 10% sodium bicarbonate (Bicarb), Neutralize(?) (NE), Desensibilize(?) (DES), catalase C-40 at 10 mg/mL (CAT), 10% alcohol solution of alpha-tocopherol (VitE), Listerine(?) (LIS), 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX), Croton Lechleri (CL), 10 % aqueous solution of Uncaria Tomentosa (UT), artificial saliva (ArtS) and 0.05% sodium fluoride (NaF) was assessed in triplicate by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) free radical assay. All substances exhibited antioxidant activity, except for CL. AAcidS, AAcidG and VitE exhibited the highest AA% (p<0.05). On the contrary, CHX, NE, LIS and NaF showed the lowest AA% (p<0.05). In conclusion, AAcidS, AAcidG, SodAsS, SodAsG and VitE presented the highest antioxidant activity among substances tested in this study. The DPPH assay provides an easy and rapid way to evaluate potential antioxidants.     

Moderate intravenous sedation for office-based full face laser resurfacing using a continuous infusion propofol pump.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the anesthetic requirements and hemodynamic and oxygenation variables involved between the bolus midazolam/fentanyl intravenous sedation-analgesia technique, and the same technique combined with continuous-infusion propofol. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective chart analysis of 41 consecutive patients undergoing full-face carbon dioxide laser resurfacing with either bolus midazolam/fentanyl (n = 15) or midazolam/fentanyl with continuous propofol infusion anesthesia (n = 26) techniques. Data recorded were noninvasive baseline and intraoperative hemodynamic measurements at 5-minute intervals for systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP), pulse (P), and rate-pressure product (RPP), respiratory rate (RR), and oxygen saturation (SpO2). Data collected were reported as mean values with standard deviation. Statistical analyses were performed with the Student's t test and found statistically significant for P < .05. RESULTS: Statistically significant decreases in averages were seen in SBP (P < .001), DBP (P = .02), MAP (P = .004), P (P < .00l), RPP (P < .00l), and RR (P < .001), but not PP (P = .4) and SpO2 (P = .08) in the midazolam/fentanyl/continuous propofol infusion group compared with the midazolam/fentanyl only group. Changes from baseline were statistically significant only for MAP (P = .04), but statistically insignificant for all other measurements, SBP (P = .7), DBP (P = .4), P (P = .95), PP (P = .97), RPP (P = .6), RR (P = .6), and SpO2 (P = .4). Statistically significant smaller amounts of midazolam (P = .01) and fentanyl (P < .001) were used in the midazolam/fentanyl/continuous propofol infusion pump group. Length of procedure was statistically insignificant between groups (P = .4). Conclusion The addition of a continuous propofol pump maintained hemodynamic and oxygenation values close to baseline, while decreasing the amount of respiratory depressing opiates administered and without affecting the length of the procedure.