Ti—75铸造后机械性能测试的研究

目的：研究及比较Ｔｉ－７５金属在牙科铸造后的机械性能。方法：利用Ｉｎｓｔｒｏｎ拉伸试验机，对Ｔｉ－７５金属牙科铸造后部分力学性能进行了测试研究，并与Ｔｉ－６Ａｌ－４Ｖ及临床常用钴铬合金进行了比较。结果：Ｔｉ－７５铸造后抗拉强度为８５６．７ＭＰａ，屈服强度为５４０ＭＰａ延伸率为７．３％。Ｔｉ－６Ａｌ－４Ｖ铸造后抗拉强度为９５６．７ＭＰａ，屈服强度为５９０ＭＰａ，延伸率为５．２％。Ｃｏ－Ｃｒ合金铸造后抗拉强度为６５１．２ＭＰａ，屈服强度为４７８．８ＭＰａ，延伸率为６．１％。结论：Ｔｉ－７５金属铸造后抗拉强度，屈服强度及延伸率等性能指标均优于钴铬合金，延伸率也高于Ｔｉ－６Ａｌ－４Ｖ合金。     

Dyract复合充填材料的理化性能测试

目的：测试Ｄｙｒａｃｔ的理化性能。方法：用拉力机、显微硬度机测试。结果：固化深度光照４０ｓ达８ｍｍ；径向拉伸强度４２．４±７．１６ＭＰａ，性能相似于复合树脂Ｄｕｒａｆｉｌ和Ｐｅｋａｌｕｘ；表面硬度为ＨＶ３１．９±３．８４，也近似Ｄｕｒａｆｉｌ和Ｐｅｋａｌｕｘ；剪切粘结强度为８．５４±２．０５ＭＰａ，温度交替后为８．４１±２．５０ＭＰａ。结论：Ｄｙｒａｃｔ是一种新型的前牙和乳牙的充填材料     

珊瑚人工骨的理化性能测试

本研究对海南三亚浅水滨珊瑚的部分物理、化学性能进行了测试，测试扬清洗前后珊瑚人工骨的硬度、密度、孔经、孔隙率、碳酸钙含量、蛋白质和氨基酸的含量。结果表明清洗过程对珊瑚人工骨的理化性能无明显影响。清洗后的珊瑚测试数据如下：硬度（Ｈ２）６８．８５ｋｇ／ｍｍ＾３，深度１．９５６ｇ／ｃｍ＾３，平均孔径１７９μｍ，交通孔径１２５μｍ，孔隙率３６．５％，碳酸钙含量９８．５％，蛋白质含量０．００９％，氨基酸５４     

重组人骨形成蛋白-2-珊瑚复合人工骨修复骨缺损的生物力学研究

将珊瑚与具有骨诱导特性的重组人骨形成蛋白－２（ｒｈＢＭＰ－２）复合，制成ｒｈＢＭＰ－２－ｃｏｒａｌ复合人工骨，将其植入兔颅骨标准大小缺损，并与单纯珊瑚植入作对照。通过Ｘ线片、组织学和生物力学方法来评价此复合人工骨的骨修复能力。结果显示：ｒｈＢＭＰ－２－ｃｏｒａｌ复合人工骨具有较强的骨修复作用，植入骨缺损后，材料被逐渐降解吸收，新骨不断形成，机械强度不断增大；１２周后，植入物完全被成熟的骨组织取代，缺损区抗压强度接近正常的骨组织。该复合人工骨是一种较理想的骨移植替代材料。     

芳纶纤维增强聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯基托的机械性能

目的：研究芳纶纤维增强聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＰＭＭＡ）基托的机械性能。方法：将Ｔｗａｒｏｎ，ＡＰＭＯＣ芳纶纤维分别按体积分数１％、２％埋入ＰＭＭＡ基托树脂内，然后测定芳纶纤维增强ＰＭＭＡ基托的弯曲强度、冲击强度及弹性模量。结果：１％、２％芳纶纤维各组与对照组相比，弯曲强度、冲击强度均有明显提高（Ｐ＜０．０１），但弹性模量没有明显提高（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：芳纶纤维能提高ＰＭＭＡ基托的弯曲强度和冲击强度。     

重组人骨形成蛋白—2和珊瑚复合移植的超微结构观察

为了弥补单纯珊瑚无骨诱导活性，骨修复能力较差的缺陷，本研究将具有骨诱导特性的且人骨形成蛋白－２（ｒｈＢＭＰ－２）和珊瑚复合，制备出ｒｈＢＭＰ－２／珊瑚复合人工骨，将其植入兔颅骨标准大小缺损，以单纯珊瑚植入作对照：术后２，６，１２周取材，通过Ｘ线片和电镜观察，评价其骨修复能力。结果显示：ｒｈＢＭＰ－２／珊瑚复合人工骨的骨修复能力和骨修复效果明显优于单纯的珊瑚，是一种较为理想的骨移植替代材料。     

重组人骨形成蛋白2-珊瑚复合人工骨修复骨质缺损的实验研究

目的弥补珊瑚无骨诱导活性、成骨能力弱等缺陷。方法将珊瑚与重组人骨形成蛋白２（ｒｅｃｏｍｂｉｎａｎｔｈｕｍａｎｂｏｎｅｍｏｒｐｈｏｇｅｎｅｔｉｃｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ－２，ｒｈＢＭＰ－２）复合，制备出ｒｈＢＭＰ－２－珊瑚复合人工骨。将其植入兔颅骨直径１５ｍｍ的圆形缺损，以单纯珊瑚植入作对照。术后２、６、１２周取材，通过组织学观察和计算机图像分析，评价其骨修复能力。结果ｒｈＢＭＰ－２－珊瑚复合人工骨以传导成骨和诱导成骨双重机制完成骨修复过程，骨修复能力和骨修复效果明显优于单纯的珊瑚。结论此复合人工骨是一种较理想的骨移植替代材料。     

氟氢酸酸蚀及偶联剂的应用对烤瓷——树脂粘结强度的影响

目的：评价酸蚀及化学偶联剂对树脂—烤瓷粘结强度的影响。方法：烤瓷试件分７组用５％氟氢酸分别酸蚀０～１８０ｓ，然后一半使用偶联剂，另一半不使用偶联剂，与树脂粘结后测试剪切粘结强度。结果：无偶联剂组酸蚀后可使瓷—树脂粘结强度达到３０ＭＰａ（１５０ｓ），对照组为３ＭＰａ；单独使用偶联剂可使粘结强度达２５．２ＭＰａ，若结合酸蚀剂最高可达３４．３ＭＰａ，但酸蚀后使用偶联剂，酸蚀时间对粘结强度无明显影响；结论：瓷酸蚀是瓷粘结修复中重要的处理方法；偶联剂的使用有利于提高粘结强度，并可用较短的酸蚀时间获得理想的粘结强度。     

钛表面烤瓷的预氧化处理工艺研究

目的：考察预氧化处理工艺是否适合钛－瓷修复。方法：采用剪切实验法测试在未预氧化处理（Ｒ１），３００℃（Ｒ２）、５００℃（Ｒ３）及７００℃（Ｒ４）预氧化处理时钛－氧化处理时钛－瓷结合强度，并用金、相显微镜及电子探针分析各组的钛－瓷界面状况。结果：Ｒ１、Ｒ２、Ｒ３及Ｒ４各组剪切强度值分别为５０．２５±６．５２ＭＰａ、４４．６７±７．０８ＭＰａ、２７．６９±５．２７ＭＰａ和２２．５１±４．９０Ｍｐａ。界面分析表明，各组钛与瓷界面结合紧密、无裂隙，并存在元素扩散带，不同的是各组元素扩散带宽度不一，其规律是Ｒ１＜Ｒ２＜Ｒ３＜Ｒ４。结论：预氧化处理工艺不适合钛－瓷修复。     

牙科用玻璃纤维增强复合树脂的研究

目的：研究玻璃纤维增强丙烯酸树脂的力学性能。方法：将Ｅ玻璃纤维按６１．９７％、７２．６０％、７７．６８％（重量比）,与丙烯酸树脂制成单向玻璃纤维增强复合材料,并测试其弯曲强度、弯曲模量和面内剪切强度。结果：随着纤维比例的提高,复合材料的弯曲强度有显著性增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）,达（１３２９．４６±８５．１３）ＭＰａ。７２．６０％组和７７．６８％组与６１．９１％组相比,弯曲模量提高非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）,达（３４．０６±３．５８）ＧＰａ;面内剪切强度降低非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）,为（５３．５２±４．６２）ＭＰａ。结论：玻璃纤维对丙烯酸树脂的弯曲性能具有增强作用。     

柠檬精油对牙周致病菌抑制作用及其安全性初步研究

目的:探讨柠檬精油对牙周致病菌的体外抗菌活性及对细胞增殖的影响。方法:采用微量液体稀释法测定柠檬精油对Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)及最小杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC);以较低浓度的MIC为标准稀释LEO作为实验组,采用MTT法测定柠檬精油对HUVECs的毒性作用,明确抑菌浓度下LEO的安全性。结果:柠檬精油对牙周主要致病菌均有抑菌作用,Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi的MIC分别是9.0 g/L、4.5 g/L、4.5 g/L、9.0 g/L,Aa、Fn的 MBC是9.0 g/L,Pg、Pi的MBC未测得。1/2MIC、1/20MIC浓度的LEO能够抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长,而低于1/200MIC浓度的LEO则对人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长没有影响,其中1/200MIC浓度的LEO作用明显优于0.02%的CHX。结论:体外环境中,柠檬精油对牙周致病菌Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi具有抗菌活性,低浓度应用对机体相对安全。     

Clinical and pathological aspects on some odontogenic tumors

Odontogenic tumors constitute a very diverse group of lesions that reflects the complex processes of odontogenesis. Controversies over their classification/subtyping, terminology and diagnosis have been persisted, which has direct bearings on therapeutic and/or prognostic implications.     

Computer-assisted planning for maxillofacial prosthodontic rehabilitation

Computerized tomography (CT) planning and the use of CT derived surgical templates for implant placement have shown promise for restoring function within months after surgical reconstruction of acquired post-oncologic defects.     

Effect of Pingyangmycin on human venous malformation endothelial cells

Purpose: Venous malformations are common vascular anomalies with a propensity of the head and neck. Intralesional injection of Pingyangmycin (PYM, bleomycin A5 hydrochloride) is a widely used sclerotherapy method for the treatment of venous malformation.     

Can you be too old for oral implants? An update on ageing and plasticity in the oro‐facial sensorimotor system

This review focuses on the capacity of the brain for plasticity and the utility and efficacy of oral implants in helping to restore oro‐facial sensorimotor functions, especially in elderly patients. The review first outlines the components of the oro‐facial sensorimotor system which encompasses both oro‐facial tissues and a number of brain regions. One such region is the sensorimotor cortex that controls the activity of the numerous oro‐facial skeletal muscles. These muscles are involved in a number of functions including reflexes and the more complex sensorimotor functions of mastication, swallowing and speech. The review outlines the use by the brain of sensory inputs from oro‐facial receptors in order to provide for exquisite sensorimotor control of the activity of the oro‐facial muscles. It highlights the role in this sensorimotor control played by periodontal mechanoreceptors and their sensory inputs to the brain, and how oral implants in concert with the plastic capacity of the brain may, at least in part, compensate for reduced sensorimotor functioning when teeth are lost. It outlines findings of ageing‐related decrements in oro‐facial sensorimotor functions and control. The changes in oro‐facial tissues and the brain that underlie these ageing‐related functional alterations are also considered, along with adaptive and compensatory processes that utilise the brain's capacity for plasticity. The review also notes the evidence t hat rehabilitation that incorporates adjunctive approaches such as sensorimotor training paradigms in addition to oral prostheses such as implants may enhance these processes and help maintain or facilitate recovery of sensorimotor functioning in the elderly.     

Tumor microenvironment in oral cancer: novel approaches for immunotherapy

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), which arises from the squamous mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx, is a major health problem in the US and other parts of the world, especially in developing countries.     

Oropharyngeal dysphagia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis alters quality of life

Dysphagia is one of the most important complications encountered in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Our aim was to determine whether oropharyngeal dysphagia impacted the quality of life (QoL) of patients with ALS. Thirty consecutive patients were recruited (31–82 years, 18 men). Swallowing function was evaluated using a standardised videofluoroscopic barium swallow. All the patients completed a specific questionnaire on quality of life in dysphagia (SWAL‐QoL) immediately after the videofluoroscopy. The results of dysphagia outcome severity scale separated 14 patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia and 16 with normal swallowing function. There was no difference in the average age, weight and body mass index of the two groups (dysphagic patients: 68 ± 11 kg versus non‐dysphagic patients: 69 ± 14 kg). Most of the dysphagic patients had a bulbar affection based on their Norris scores which determine the importance of cranial nerves illness (20 ± 8), significantly lower than those of the non‐dysphagic patients (35 ± 5) (P < 0·0001). There was no difference in the neurological peripheral symptoms evaluated by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale scores (dysphagic patients: 26 ± 7 versus non‐dysphagic patients: 27 ± 8) (ns). The swallowing quality of life questionnaire revealed that the dysphagic patients had significant burden (P < 0·001). They were affected by the necessity to applied a food selection (P < 0·01), by the increase in eating duration (P < 0·05) and described a decrease in eating desire (P < 0·05). They complained of fear regarding the risk of dysphagia (P < 0·05). They also described difficulties with oral communication (P < 0·001). All of those complained about dysphagia which impacted directly mental health (P < 0·05) and social life (P < 0·05). In conclusion, oropharyngeal dysphagia is a common symptom accompanying ALS, which alters the patient's QoL, especially social health.     

Interventional neuroradiologic procedures in the head and neck

Interventional radiology and interventional neuroradiology are evolving specialties which can aid the head and neck surgeons in the clinical management of patients with complex vascular lesions.     

Functional palatomaxillary reconstruction using free tissue transfer

The use of bone containing vascularized flaps has become the gold standard in the reconstruction of composite, post ablative palato-maxillary defects.