Ultrasound patterns of metastatic tumors in the gallbladder

Eleven cases of sonographically detected metastatic disease to the gallbladder are reported. This paper represents the first comprehensive review of the ultrasonographic findings in this not infrequently encountered disease process. Four distinctive sonographic diagnostic patterns have evolved and are described. The suspicion of metastatic tumors in the gallbladder should be raised, particularly in the presence of focal gallbladder wall thickening in association with nonshadowing intraluminal soft tissue masses. In contrast to primary carcinomas of the gallbladder, cholelithiasis usually is absent. The differential diagnosis, which includes various benign conditions of the gallbladder, is discussed.     

Differential diagnosis of gallbladder diseases with contrast-enhanced harmonic gray scale ultrasonography.

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the usefulness of contrast-enhanced harmonic gray scale ultrasonographic findings for differential diagnosis of gallbladder diseases. METHODS: We evaluated contrast-enhanced harmonic gray scale ultrasonographic images from 33 patients with 35 polypoid gallbladder disease lesions larger than 10 mm in diameter, consisting of 12 biliary sludge lesions, 8 cholesterol polyps, 1 inflammatory polyp, 2 adenomas, and 12 carcinomas. After a galactosepalmitic acid contrast agent was injected, lesions were scanned by contrast-enhanced harmonic gray scale ultrasonography in 2 phases: early vascular and late vascular. RESULTS: None of the biliary sludge lesions (n = 12) showed either tumor vessels or tumor enhancement. Lesions showing tumor vessels and tumor enhancement on contrast-enhanced harmonic gray scale ultrasonography were diagnosed as cholesterol polyp, inflammatory polyp, adenoma, or carcinoma. Three (38%) of the 8 cholesterol polyps showed dotted-type tumor vessels. Branched-type tumor vessels were observed in 5 (62%) of the 8 cholesterol polyps, the 1 (100%) inflammatory polyp, both (100%) adenomas, and 3 (25%) of the 12 carcinomas. Tortuous-type tumor vessels were observed in 9 (75%) of the 12 carcinomas. Lesions with tumor enhancement and tortuous-type tumor vessels on contrast-enhanced harmonic gray scale ultrasonography were diagnosed as carcinomas, and the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of this diagnosis with the current modality were 75% (9/12), 100% (23/23), and 91% (32/35), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of tumor vessels on contrast-enhanced harmonic gray scale ultrasonography may be a useful modality for differentiating gallbladder carcinoma from other polypoid gallbladder disease lesions.     

Primary gallbladder carcinoma: Imaging findings in 50 patients with pathologic correlation

Different diagnostic imaging modalities [contrast cholangiography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography (CT)] in a large group of patients with proven gallbladder carcinoma are reviewed. Noninvasive cross-sectional imaging methods strongly correlated with the different gross pathologic types of gallbladder carcinoma. The most common observed type was a mass replacing the gallbladder (39%). Other types observed either by sonography and/or CT were a focal/diffuse gallbladder wall thickening and the presence of an intraluminal polypoid mass. Despite the improvement in several imaging modalities, most of the preoperatively diagnosed gallbladder carcinomas were in advanced stage (84%). A combined approach using noninvasive diagnostic methods and percutaneous aspirative biopsies may reduce the number of explorative laparotomies in the final diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma.     

原发性胆囊癌CT诊断：（附34例分析）

目的：分析胆囊癌的CT表现和特征，探讨其CT诊断价值和限度。材料与方法：回顾分析经手术病理证实的34例胆囊癌的CT检查资料。结果：根据胆囊癌的CT表现，分为三型：厚壁型21例，腔内型4例，肿块型9例。结论：CT是诊断胆囊癌的有效方法．增强扫描可提高诊断的准确性。     

原发性胆囊癌的CT分析(附30例报告)

目的 探讨原发性胆囊癌的CT表现特征。方法对30例病理证实的原发性胆囊腺癌的CT资料进行回顾性分析。结果 肿块型16例，其增强特点可用于鉴别原发性肝癌；厚壁型8例，表现为胆囊壁不规则性、非对称性增厚，区别于胆囊炎的均匀性增厚；腔内结节型6例，表现为腔内分叶状软组织结节，横径大于1.0cm，不同于胆囊息肉的表现。结论掌握原发性胆囊癌的特征性CT表现，有助于提高其诊断与鉴别诊断的准确性。     

胆囊癌肝侵犯的CT诊断及临床价值

目的：探讨胆囊癌肝侵犯的CT诊断及临床价值。方法：回顾性分析经手术、病理证实的17例胆囊癌肝侵犯CT资料。结果：肿块型11例,腔内型2例,厚壁型4例。侵犯肝左内叶5例,肝右叶前段3例,同时侵犯肝左内叶及右叶前段9例。5例侵犯深度〈2cm,12例侵犯深度〉2cm。CT表现为胆囊窝脂肪间隙消失,邻近胆囊窝的肝脏组织内出现不规则形低密度影,边界模糊,胆囊癌肿与肝脏组织分界不清,增强后肝内病灶不规则强化。结论：CT对胆囊癌肝侵犯的诊断及I临床分期、治疗方案的选择具有重要价值。     

胆囊癌的CT诊断

目的探讨胆囊癌的CT诊断价值及误诊原因。方法对12例经病理证实的胆囊癌病人进行回顾性分析。结果壁厚型6例,结节型2例,肿块型4例,术前误诊1例。结论CT对胆囊癌的诊断有重要价值,但早期发现仍存在一定的局限性。     

胆囊癌的CT诊断(附9例报告)

作者回顾总结了9例胆囊癌的CT表现，并与手术病理检查进行对照研究。主要CT表现包括：胆囊壁不规则增厚33．3％，腔内肿块22．2％，肝区和／或胆囊窝肿块44.4％，常伴有胆管系统扩张55．5％，邻近器官受侵犯22．2％。CT诊断早期胆囊癌仍有一定困难，但对中晚期胆囊癌的诊断与确定病变范围很有帮助。     

Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in acute cholecystitis

This work attempts to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for acute cholecystitis in 98 clinically suspected patients from the emergency unit in whom at least 3 of 6 relevant criteria are present. Gallbladder distention to 5 cm or more transversely or in the anterior-posterior axis (criterion 1) was present in 64 patients; thickening of the gallbladder wall of at least 5 mm (criterion 2) in 95; cholelithiasis (criterion 3) in 86; sonolucent halo in the gallbladder wall (criterion 4) in 40; sonolucent fluid band surrounding the gallbladder (criterion 5) in 27; and intraluminal echogenic mass with no posterior acoustic shadow (criterion 6) in 35. A diagnostic accuracy index, corrected for chance, was statistically and clinically more relevant with 3 as the minimum number of criteria for the ultrasonic diagnosis of acute cholecystitis.     

胆囊癌的超声造影和增强螺旋CT对比分析

目的评价超声造影和增强螺旋CT对胆囊癌的诊断价值。方法对比分析26例经手术、病理证实的胆囊癌的超声造影和CT增强的影像表现。结果超声造影和CT增强具有相似的表现。26例中,厚壁型14例,肿块型7例,腔内结节型5例。超声造影确诊23例,CT增强确诊22例,两者结合确诊25例,误诊1例。结论超声造影和CT增强扫描对于胆囊癌的诊断均很敏感且价值很高,结合两者可提高该病的确诊率。     

胆囊息肉样病变超声显像与病理对照研究

本文分析我院手术治疗的胆囊息肉样病变３５例病理诊断结果，其中胆固醇性息肉２５例，乳头状腺瘤３例，单纯性脉瘤２列，上皮乳头样增生１例，上皮腺瘤样增生１例，粘膜腺瘤局限性癌变１例，慢性胆囊炎２例，超声与病理诊断符合率的９４．３％，探讨了不同类型胆囊息肉样病变的声像图特征。     

胆囊癌的CT与B超诊断价值

目的探讨和比较CT、B超对胆囊癌的诊断价值。方法回顾分析42例经手术病理证实的胆囊癌CT、B超影像和临床资料,就其CT和B超的影像表现、强化方式、周围组织结构的关系、有无转移等进行对比分析。结果42例胆囊癌中CT诊断胆囊癌31例(占74%),B超26例(占62%)。结论CT对胆囊癌的诊断优于B超,并可对肿瘤对周围结构侵犯评估及病变的治疗方案的制定有重要价值。超声因无损伤、可反复、不同体位的检查等优点可作为胆囊病变的筛查方法。     

原发性胆囊癌的CT诊断及与B超检查结果比较

目的： 评价ＣＴ对胆囊癌的诊断价值。材料与方法： 收集３２ 例胆囊癌的ＣＴ资料进行回顾性分析, 并对其诊断结果与Ｂ超检查结果进行比较。结果： ３２ 例胆囊癌中, 肿块型１４ 例, 腔内型８ 例, 厚壁型１０ 例。ＣＴ诊断准确率为８７－５％ , Ｂ超诊断准确率为５３－１％ 。结论： ＣＴ能较好地显示胆囊癌的类型、大小, 邻近脏器受侵范围及转移等表现, 且定性诊断优于Ｂ超检查。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断胆囊息肉样病变的应用价值

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声对胆囊息内样病变的诊断价值。方法：分析56例胆囊息内样病变（胆固醇性息内38例、胆囊腺肌增生症7例、腺瘤5例、早期胆囊癌6例）的最大直径及彩色多普勒超声特征。结果；胆固醇性息内及腺肌瘤样增生病灶直径多小于10mm，腺瘤及早期胆囊癌直径多大于10mm。若以阻力指数（RI）〉0．60为恶性病变作为标准，则RI在鉴别良恶性息内样病变方面有统计学意义，而病灶内血流形态在两组问无显著差异。结论：彩色多普勒超声及病灶的直径大小在胆囊息内样病变的诊断方面有重要意义。     

螺旋CT仿真结肠内镜的临床应用研究

目的　探讨螺旋CT仿真结肠内镜对结、直肠病变的检查方法及诊断价值。方法　采用螺旋CT机行 2 8例腹盆部扫描 ,并对图像行三维仿真结肠内镜重建。结果　正常 3例 ,直肠息肉 4例 ,结、直肠癌 11例 (2例为阻塞型 )。病理结果为正常 2例 ,直肠息肉 3例 ,结、直肠癌 13例 ,符合率 88.9%。结论　螺旋CT仿真结肠内镜是一种易操作的无创性检查方法 ,对结肠及直肠息肉、肿瘤等病变有很大诊断价值 ,可在术前提供重要信息。     

Gallbladder perforation: Comparison of US findings with CT

We compared the ultrasound (US) findings of gallbladder (GB) perforation with computed tomography (CT) in 13 patients with GB perforation confirmed at surgery. The common findings of GB perforation were pericholecystic fluid collection and layering of GB wall on US, pericholecystic fluid collection, streaky omentum or mesentery, and GB wall defect on CT. Pericholecystic fluid collection, layering of GB wall, and cholelithiasis were similarly detected on US or CT. GB wall defect and/or bulging of the GB wall suggested a site of perforation was revealed in five patients (38.5%) on US and nine (69.2%) on CT. CT further disclosed the findings of streaky omentum or mesentery (84.6%). CT was superior to US for diagnosis of GB perforation.     

原发性胆囊癌的外科诊治(附182例分析)

目的：探讨原发性胆囊癌的诊断与治疗。方法：对我院收治的182例原发性胆囊癌的资料进行回顾性分析。结果：182例原发性胆囊癌患者中,有122例(67．0％)合并良性胆系疾病。术前早期诊断仍很困难,影像学检查是主要的诊断方法。B超诊断符合率为63．9％,CT诊断符合率为78．9％,B超和CT联合检查的诊断符合率为82．7％。60例行非手术治疗,122例行手术治疗,其中包括晚期胆囊癌103例。晚期胆囊癌的根治切除率为33％,行扩大根治术24例。早期胆囊癌手术治疗效果满意,晚期胆囊癌根治术后的平均生存时间较姑息性手术者明显为长(17．6个月VS．3个月)。结论：早期诊断和治疗是改善胆囊癌预后的关键,对晚期胆囊癌应行积极的、个体化的综合治疗。     

胆囊癌的CT诊断及对手术指导价值分析

目的:探讨胆囊癌的CT诊断并分析其对手术指导价值。材料与方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的胆囊癌27例,均经螺旋CT平扫,19例经双期或三期增强扫描,层厚7mm,3mm薄层重建。结果:胆囊癌腔内肿块型3例,胆囊壁增厚型5例,浸润型9例,混合型10例。肝脏受侵犯11例,肝内转移4例,淋巴结转移10例,腹水5例,肝内外胆管扩张6例,合并胆囊炎胆结石7例,胰腺、肝曲结肠、十二指肠受累各2例,胃受累1例。结论:螺旋CT对胆囊癌的诊断、分期及指导手术有很大价值。     

原发性胆囊癌60例诊治体会

目的总结原发性胆囊癌的外科诊治体会。方法回顾性分析2005年4月至2007年12月我院治疗的60例原发性胆囊癌的诊治资料。结果本组行B超或CT检查,诊断为胆囊癌的符合率分别为69．3％、72．5％;行剖腹探查及取活检术24例,单纯胆囊切除术17例,4例行胆道内支架植入内引流术。病理学检查示腺癌39例。随访41例,1年内死亡22例,2年内死亡12例,3年内死亡6例,1例存活5年以上。结论手术是治疗原发性胆囊癌的首选方法,早期诊断和早期根治性手术对提高原发性胆囊癌患者的生存率具有重要意义。