自由臂三维超声评价完全性葡萄胎的临床应用价值

目的　探讨自由臂三维超声成像评价完全性葡萄胎的临床应用价值。方法　采用自由臂三维超声成像方法对 31例完全性葡萄胎患者进行了三维图像重建。结果　完全性葡萄胎的表面、内部结构及其液性区内表面均可立方体显示。结论　自由臂三维超声对完全性葡萄胎的成像是可行的 ,可提供二维超声图像不能提供的形态学信息     

三维超声在髌上囊滑膜病变中的应用价值

目的探讨三维超声成像在评价髌上囊滑膜病变中的应用价值.方法采用三维超声成像技术对25例患者的36个髌上囊滑膜病变进行三维图像重建.结果髌上囊滑膜病变的三维图像大致可分为网络型、乳头型、条索型和充满型.条索型多见于出血性滑膜炎,充满型多见于类风湿性关节炎.结论三维超声能提供直观、整体的髌上囊滑膜病变的形态学信息.     

孔源性视网膜脱离的三维超声成像研究

目的 探讨孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)三维超声图像特征及应用价值.方法 应用三维超声重建技术对44例RRD患者行三维超声成像检查,描述其成像特征并与手术所见进行对比分析.图像采集方式为无定位系统的自由臂扫查.结果 46例(46只患眼)均获得较满意的三维图像,图像清晰、直观.三维超声重建对RRD的诊断符合率为95.7%,裂孔显示率为17.1%.结论 三维超声成像能显示部分视网膜裂孔,并显示视网膜脱离的立体结构和空间位置.     

三维超声表面模式成像在腹部器官病变的应用研究

目的应用三维超声对腹部器官病变进行表面模式成像,评价三维超声在腹部疾病诊断中的应用价值.方法应用Voluson 530 DMT及Voluson 730三维超声成像系统对127例患者进行腹部器官三维超声检查.结果三维超声表面模式成像直观地显示腹水中肝脏、肠管及卵巢癌的表面情况,形象地显示胃、结肠、胆囊、膀胱等空腔器官病变的立体形态及附件囊性或囊实混合性包块的内部结构.结论三维超声有利于对病变进行整体、全面观察,三维超声图像后处理功能的联合应用有利于获得优质的三维图像.     

子宫腔内病变的三维超声诊断

目的 探讨三维超声在子宫腔内病变诊断中的价值。方法 应用Voluson 730D三维超声诊断仪对36例子宫腔内病变进行三维重建成像，重建模式选用表面成像模式。结果 重建后的三维图像逼真，采用electronic scalpel（电子刀）技术，可以充分显示病变范围，空间位置及表面结构，与二维超声相比有较高的敏感性和特异性，以上病例经宫腔镜和病理证实。结论 结合“电子刀”技术，三维重建图像更有利于对病变性质的诊断及鉴别。     

转基因小鼠前列腺癌模型肿瘤三维超声成像与三维病理重建

目的:应用三维超声微成像检测转基因小鼠前列腺癌(TGMAP)模型并与三维病理图像比较.方法:通过三维微超声成像系统对TGMAP小鼠前列腺癌进行三维超声图像采集,对前列腺癌标本进行连续切片,扫描并存储图像,纵向排列所有的二维图像获得重建的三维数字化病理图像,对三维超声图像和三维病理图像进行比较.结果:通过定性比较前列腺癌的三维超声成像与连续组织学切片,证实了该超声系统可以准确显示活体小鼠肿瘤的大小和形状.结论:小鼠前列腺癌模型的三维超声微成像有望成为小鼠临床前期研究的新的微成像手段.     

经阴道三维超声诊断子宫腔内病变的价值

目的 探讨三维超声在子宫腔内病变诊断中的价值.方法 对36例子宫腔内病变进行三维超声重建成像,重建选用表面成像模式.结果 16例内膜息肉表现为官腔内稍强团状回声,子宫内膜基底线完整;10例黏膜下肌瘤表现为官腔内团状低回声,可显示团块突入肌层的程度;8例单纯内膜增生表现为增生内膜与子宫肌层分界清晰;2例内膜癌表现为紊乱团状回声与子宫肌层分界不清.结论 三维超声重建图像更有利于对病变性质诊断和鉴别.     

膀胱前列腺病变的三维超声诊断

目的：探讨三维超声在膀胱、前列腺病变诊断中的价值。方法：应用Voluson730三维超声诊断仪，对30例膀胱病变及8例前列腺增生病变进行三维重建成像，重建模式选用表面成像模式。结果：重建后的三维图像逼真形象，采用Electronic scalpel(电子刀)技术可以充分显示病变的范围、空间位置及表面结构，与大体标本相似。结论：结合“电子刀”技术，三维重建图像更有利于对病变性质的诊断及鉴别。     

三维超声在肝脏疾病的诊断应用

三维超声成像技术的研究开始于70年代中期。但90年代初期以来,特别在1994年以后,受益于计算机和软件技术的快速发展,其临床应用取得较大进展。目前,该项技术的优越性及实用价值已在多种脏器疾病的临床诊断中得到证明。现就三维超声成像在肝脏疾病诊断中的应用作一简要综述。 一、肝脏三维超声图像的采集和重建 1.图像采集:目前已应用的三维超声成像技术是利用计算机对一系列按一定规律采集的二维图像信息进行加工处理即重建,从而构成三维图像。二维图像的采集是三维超声成像至关重要的一步,所采集图像     

子宫的三维超声成像

目的：探讨子宫三维超声成像的应用价值。方法：对32例子宫作经阴道超声检查并进行三维图像重建。结果：图像满意率96．6％,畸有子宫诊断准确率及对子宫病变定位的准确率分别为100％和96．6％。结论：三维超声对诊断子宫畸形和对子宫病变的定位具有极大的价值。     

三维超声成像在肾肿块诊断中的应用

目的 探讨三维超声成像在肾脏肿块诊断中的应用价值。方法 对81例肾脏肿块进行三维重建，并与二维进行对比，经肾穿刺或手术病理证实。结果 三维超声重建图像清晰，形态直观，立体感强，能够显示肿块内部结构特征，确定病变与相邻结构的空间关系。结论 三维超声图像从多切面、多角度获取更多的临床信息，在一定程度上弥补了二维超声的不足，为疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断提供了可靠的形态学依据。     

三维超声在胎儿半椎体畸形诊断中的应用

目的探讨二维及三维超声在胎儿半椎体畸形诊断中的应用价值。方法应用二维及三维超声对4例半椎体畸形胎儿病变椎体进行检查及图像分析。结果二维超声显示4例半椎体畸形胎儿病变发生在腰段及胸段各2例;胎儿脊柱矢状切面椎弓回声排列整齐,病变椎体骨化中心回声模糊或缺失;冠状切面可见脊柱侧弯或成角畸形,成角弯曲部位一侧的骨化中心缺失;三维超声显示病变椎体骨化中心回声模糊或缺失,直观显示脊柱侧弯或成角畸形,通过肋骨及脊柱的关系可清晰定位病变椎体,图像直观逼真。结论三维超声能在二维超声诊断胎儿半椎体畸形的基础上提供更多病变椎体的诊断信息,具有重要的临床价值,是二维超声影像检查的重要补充。     

Comparison between Thin-Slice 3-D Volumetric Ultrasound and Conventional Ultrasound in the Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Thyroid Lesions

We explored the efficacy of thin-slice volumetric 3-D ultrasound (3-DUS) in distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. A total of 103 thyroid nodules were evaluated prospectively using 3-D gray-scale ultrasonography. The shape, margin, halo and potential capsular invasion of the nodules were compared with the findings of conventional 2-D ultrasound (2-DUS). Of the 103 thyroid nodules, there were 50 pathologically confirmed benign lesions and 53 malignant lesions (51.5%). Shape irregularity, ill-defined margins and capsular invasion provided sensitivities of 90.0%, 47.2% and 39.6% and specificities of 88.0%, 84.0% and 100%, respectively, for the malignant lesions. The diagnosis of thyroid cancer was improved in 3-DUS compared with 2-DUS, with a sensitivity of 88.7%, specificity of 90.0%, positive predictive value of 90.4%, negative predictive value of 88.2% and accuracy of 89.3%. The sensitivity of detection for lesions with capsular invasion increased to 39.6% with 3-DUS, more than twice that of 2-DUS. Three-dimensional US is highly accurate in diagnosing thyroid nodules, particularly those with capsular invasion.     

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Freehand 3-D Ultrasound Provide Similar Estimates of Free Achilles Tendon Shape and 3-D Geometry

The purpose of this study was to assess the similarity of free Achilles tendon shape and 3-D geometry between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and freehand 3-D ultrasound (3-DUS) imaging methods. Fourteen elite/sub-elite middle-distance runners participated in the study. MRI and 3-DUS scans of the Achilles tendon were acquired on two separate imaging sessions, and all 3-D reconstructions were performed using identical methods. Shape similarity of free Achilles tendon reconstructed from MRI and 3-DUS data was assessed using Jaccard index, Hausdorff distance and root mean square error (RMSE). The Jaccard index, Hausdorff distance and RMSE values were 0.76 ± 0.05, 2.70 ± 0.70 and 0.61 ± 0.10 mm, respectively. The level of agreement between MRI and 3-DUS for free Achilles tendon volume, length and average cross-sectional area (CSA) was assessed using Bland-Altman analysis. Compared to MRI, freehand 3-DUS overestimated volume, length and average CSA by 30.6 ± 15.8 mm³ (1.1% ± 0.6%), 0.3 ± 0.7 mm (0.6% ± 1.9%) and 0.3 ± 1.42 mm² (0.4% ± 2.0%), respectively. The upper and lower limits of agreement between MRI and 3-DUS for volume, length and average CSA were −0.4 to 61.7 mm³ (−0.2% to 2.3%), −1.0 to 1.5 mm (−3.2% to 4.5%) and −2.5 to 3.1 mm² (−3.5% to 4.3%), respectively. There were no significant differences between imaging methods in CSA along the length of the tendon. In conclusion, MRI and freehand 3-DUS may be considered equivalent methods for estimating shape and 3-D geometry of the free Achilles tendon. These findings, together with the practical benefits of being able to assess 3-D Achilles tendon shape and geometry in a laboratory environment and under isometric loading, make 3-DUS an attractive alternative to MRI for assessing 3-D free Achilles tendon macro-structure in future studies.     

Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging

The objective of this article is to provide scientists, engineers and clinicians with an up-to–date overview on the current state of development in the area of three-dimensional ultrasound (3-DUS) and to serve as a reference for individuals who wish to learn more about 3-DUS imaging. The sections will review the state of the art with respect to 3-DUS imaging, methods of data acquisition, analysis and display approaches. Clinical sections summarize patient research study results to date with discussion of applications by organ system. The basic algorithms and approaches to visualization of 3-D and 4-D ultrasound data are reviewed, including issues related to interactivity and user interfaces. The implications of recent developments for future ultrasound imaging/visualization systems are considered. Ultimately, an improved understanding of ultrasound data offered by 3-DUS may make it easier for primary care physicians to understand complex patient anatomy. Tertiary care physicians specializing in ultrasound can further enhance the quality of patient care by using high-speed networks to review volume ultrasound data at specialization centers. Access to volume data and expertise at specialization centers affords more sophisticated analysis and review, further augmenting patient diagnosis and treatment.     

Measuring Fetal Volume During Late First Trimester by Three-Dimensional Ultrasonography Using Virtual Organ Computer-Aided Analysis

Our aim was to determine whether rotating the fetus over its largest axis and reducing the rotational step angle can improve reliability/agreement of fetal volume measurements obtained with three-dimensional ultrasonography (3-DUS). Two observers acquired three 3-DUS data sets for a fetus with a crown–rump length between 45 and 84 mm. These observers determined the fetal volume using virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL), by three different methods, with a rotational step angle of 30°: (1) minimal manipulation of the 3-DUS data set, fetus rotated over any axis; (2) manipulation of the 3-DUS data set until the fetus could be seen in a standardized manner, fetus rotated over its anteroposterior axis; (3) same 3-DUS data set manipulation, fetus rotated over its longitudinal axis. Intra- and inter-observer reliability/agreement was determined with intra-class correlation coefficients and limits of agreement. In addition, we tested the method that provided the best reliability/agreement results using 15° and 9° of rotational step angles. The time taken to manipulate 3-DUS and determine fetal volume was recorded. The best intra- and inter-observer reliability/agreement results were observed when the fetus was rotated over its longitudinal axis. Reducing rotational step angle to 15° or 9° did not further improve reliability/agreement. The observer took approximately 1 min to determine fetal volume using this method. Our findings indicate that fetal volume should be determined by rotating the fetus over its longitudinal axis, at a rotational step angle of 30°, which is relatively fast and allows analysis of fetal volume with good reliability and agreement.     

二维和彩色多普勒超声对宫角妊娠的诊断

目的 探讨二维超声和彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)对宫角妊娠的诊断与鉴别诊断价值。方法 对13例经手术与病理证实的宫角妊娠患者超声资料作回顾性分析。结果 根据二维图像将宫角妊娠分为三种类型：妊娠囊型(2例)，混合型(8例)，陈旧型(3例)。CDFI对宫角妊娠的血流检出率为84．6％，以混合型者血流信号检出率最高，达到100％(8／8)。阻力指数0．40—0．46。结论 二维超声和CDFI是诊断与鉴别诊断宫角妊娠的简便方法。     

胎儿肢体畸形的超声诊断价值

目的 探讨胎儿肢体畸形的二维超声图像特征，评价二维超声诊断胎儿肢体畸形的价值。方法 回顾性分析21例胎儿肢体畸形的二维声超检查结果和图像特征，并与产后及引产后的结果对照。结果 超声诊断21例胎儿肢体畸形，其中10例对称性四肢短小，2例海豹儿短肢畸形，4例马蹄内翻足，3例双侧烧骨发育不良合并畸形手，1例单纯左下肢短肢畸形，1例拇践缺失。以上病例均与产后及引产后结果相符合。结论 胎儿肢体畸形有典型的二维图像特征，诊断准确率高，且无创伤、安全、可靠，可反复检查，是诊断胎儿肢体畸形的首选方法。     

经静脉注射新型声学造影剂和三维超声观察兔VX2肝癌的实验研究

目的：评价经外周静脉注射新型声学造影剂和三维超声成像两项技术新观察肝癌的价值。方法：VX2肝癌兔16只,新型声学造影剂FX530经耳缘静脉闭注。造影后三维超声成像的方法有三种：方法Ⅰ为使用Voluson 530D三维超声成像仪间断观察法观察并采集肿瘤的组织灰阶图像;方法Ⅱ和方法Ⅲ为使用彩色多普勒能量图分别以间断观察法和连续观察法观察,Echo-Scan三维工作站自由扫查采集图像,经后处理后重建肿瘤在维图像,结果：方法I重建的肿瘤为低回声球体形,经色相反转后为高回声,肿瘤的表面特征明显。方法Ⅱ重建的肿瘤呈“球体形的空洞”,图像柔和细腻,方法Ⅲ重建的是由微小血管构筑的肿瘤图像,结论：造影三维超声可更细致地观察肝癌的特征。