纳米分子影像学

纳米科学与分子影像学的结合可形成纳米分子影像学(Nanomolecular imaging).纳米分子影像学从广义上是指在纳米转运体(纳米粒转运载体)介导下,应用分子影像学技术对活体生物化学过程进行细胞和分子水平上的定性和定量研究的一门科学,主要包括磁共振纳米分子影像学、光学纳米分子影像学、核医学纳米分子影像学和超声纳米分子影像学.本文主要阐述纳米分子影像学的理论基础、技术方法及潜在的应用价值.     

磁共振分子成像技术:锋芒初露的解读生命科学利器

磁共振分子成像技术是分子影像学的重要研究手段之一,可在细胞分子水平上无创性监测及早期诊断疾病.近年来关于磁共振分子成像的研究日益增多,主要应用于细胞示踪、血管生成、细胞凋亡及活体组织基因显像等.尽管该技术目前还存在一些亟待解决的问题,但它独特的技术优势使其在临床医学和基础研究中的应用前景值得期待.     

纳米级超声造影剂与超声分子显像

分子影像学是指活体状态在分子和细胞水平应用影像学方法对生物过程进行定性和定量研究1.不同于传统影像学进行的显像诊断,分子影像学探讨的是疾病过程中基本的分子异常[2],因此,更具特异性和准确性,更有利于疾病的早期定性、定位诊断.超声分子显像作为分子影像学领域的重要组成部分,具有实时显像、方便可携带、经济等众多优点,带来了快捷高质量的影像,体现了更重要的应用价值.     

光学分子影像学技术在肿瘤中的应用进展

分子影像学技术是一种在活体状态下从微观上显示组织、细胞及亚细胞水平的影像技术,具有实时、无创、精准及灵敏等特点,可在细胞和分子水平进行肿瘤早期筛查和诊断。随着生物发光与荧光成像技术的进步,光学分子影像学技术快速发展。本文就光学分子影像学技术在肿瘤中的应用进展进行综述。     

第六届全国磁共振分子影像研究与应用高层论坛征文及参会通知

<正>由《磁共振成像》杂志社、汕头大学医学院等单位联合主办的"第六届全国磁共振分子影像研究与应用高层论坛暨分子影像学研究进展与应用学习班"定于2017年10月27日至29日在广东省汕头市召开,现开始征文。欢迎医院、科研院所、研发公司相关人员投稿、参会。参会者可获国家级Ⅰ类继续医学教育学分。磁共振分子影像学是应用磁共振技术实时无损伤地对活体进行细胞和分子水平的定性定量研究,对疾病(肿瘤、神经系统疾病、心血管疾病等)的早期预防、早期筛查诊断、早期治疗及药物疗效评估     

分子影像学的研究进展

分子影像学是运用影像学手段显示组织水平、细胞和亚细胞水平的特定分子,反映活体状态下分子水平变化,对其生物学行为在影像方面进行定性和定量研究的科学[1,2].     

移植细胞的影像学示踪

细胞治疗、基因治疗已逐渐成为现代医学治疗的一类重要方法。随着分子影像学的提出,能通过活体检测移植后的细胞,方法主要有磁共振成像、核医学成像、光学成像。     

活体内探测细胞凋亡的影像学技术

针对细胞调亡过程的不同变化,可以应用影像学手段对活体内细胞凋亡进行成像.本文对目前活体内探测细胞凋亡的影像学技术进行了综述,主要包括放射性核素显像,磁共振波谱分析与磁共振成像,光学与生物发光成像技术,超声成像技术等.     

靶向微泡造影技术的研究进展

1999年美国Harvard大学Weissleder提出了分子影像学（molecular imaging,MI）的概念,即结合影像学和分子生物学方法,在活体状态从分子和细胞水平对生物体的病理生理变化进行定性和定量检测。包括分子磁共振成像（molecular magnetic resonance imaging,mMRI）、生物发光显微镜（optical bioluminescence）、荧光显微镜（optical fluorescence）、单光子发射计算机断层成像术（single-photon emission computed tomography,SPECT）和正电子发射断层成像术（positron emission tomography,PET）、靶向超声成像等.     

超声分子成像技术的应用进展

<正>分子影像学是运用影像学手段显示组织水平、细胞和亚细胞水平的特定分子,反映活体状态下分子水平的变化,对其生物学行为在影像学方面进行定性定量研究的科学。超声分子成像技术,是将超声分子探针(靶向超声微泡造影剂)经静脉注入体内,经过血液循环特异性地聚集于靶组织并特异性显像,以反映病变组织分子水平的变化。分子探针是一种能和靶组织特异性结合物质与能产生影像学信号的物质相结合而构成的复合物。借助分子探针—即连接有特异性配体或抗体     

光学分子影像学及其应用

光学分子影像学是一种快速发展的生物医学影像技术,它可以利用生物自发光或荧光蛋白或荧光染料,在分子和细胞层面上对在体的特定生物过程进行定性和定量研究。光学分子影像学同磁共振、核素成像等技术相比,具有无创性、高敏感性、成像价格低、近红外荧光穿透力强等优点。光学对比剂,特别纳米颗粒、纳米壳和量子点发展迅速。近红外(NIR)荧光染料标记的探针在转化到人类临床应用方面有着巨大的潜力。本文综述了当前光学分子影像学的发展现状及其在生物学、医学和药学中的应用。     

Characterization and molecular detection of atherothrombosis by magnetic resonance--potential tools for individual risk assessment and diagnostics

This review focuses on recent non-invasive or minimally invasive magnetic resonance (MR) approaches to study atherothrombosis. The potential benefits of combining diverse metabolic information obtained by the variety of MR techniques from tissues in vivo and ex vivo and from body fluids in vitro are also briefly discussed. A well established methodology is available for lipoprotein subclass quantification from plasma by 1H MR spectroscopy providing information for assessing the long-term risk of atherosclerosis. Multi-contrast MR imaging in vivo relying on endogenous contrast allows partial characterization of components in atherothrombotic plaques. The use of exogenous contrast agents in MR angiography enhances blood-tissue contrast and provides functional information on plaque metabolism, improving plaque characterization and assessment of plaque vulnerability by MR imaging. Recent applications of molecular targeted MR imaging have revealed novel opportunities for specific early detection of atherothrombotic processes, such as angiogenesis and accumulation of macrophages. Currently, MR imaging and spectroscopy can produce such metabolic in vivo and in vitro information that in combination could facilitate the screening, identification and follow-up of cardiovascularly vulnerable patients in research settings. The recent developments imply that in the near future MR techniques will be part of clinical protocols for individual diagnostics in atherothrombosis.     

Molecular Imaging of Brain Tumors: A Bridge Between Clinical and Molecular Medicine?

As the research on cellular changes has shed invaluable light on the pathophysiology and biochemistry of brain tumors, clinical and experimental use of molecular imaging methods is expanding and allows quantitative assessment. The term molecular imaging is defined as the in vivo characterization and measurement of biologic processes at the cellular and molecular level. Molecular imaging sets forth to probe the molecular abnormalities that are the basis of disease rather than to visualize the end effects of these molecular alterations and, therefore, provides different additional biochemical or molecular information about primary brain tumors compared to histological methods "classical" neuroradiological diagnostic studies. Common clinical indications for molecular imaging contain primary brain tumor diagnosis and identification of the metabolically most active brain tumor reactions (differentiation of viable tumor tissue from necrosis), prediction of treatment response by measurement of tumor perfusion, or ischemia. The interesting key question remains not only whether the magnitude of biochemical alterations demonstrated by molecular imaging reveals prognostic value with respect to survival, but also whether it identifies early disease and differentiates benign from malignant lesions. Moreover, an early identification of treatment success or failure by molecular imaging could significantly influence patient management by providing more objective decision criteria for evaluation of specific therapeutic strategies. Specially, as molecular imaging represents a novel technology for visualizing metabolism and signal transduction to gene expression, reporter gene assays are used to trace the location and temporal level of expression of therapeutic and endogenous genes. Molecular imaging probes and drugs are being developed to image the function of targets without disturbing them and in mass amounts to modify the target's function as a drug. Molecular imaging helps to close the gap between in vitro and in vivo integrative biology of disease.     

New horizons in genitourinary oncologic imaging

In the management of prostate cancer, combined anatomic and metabolic imaging is already in clinical use. In daily clinical practice, fusion of magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging is improving the evaluation of cancer location, size, and extent and is simultaneously providing assessment of tumor aggressiveness. Pretreatment knowledge of these prognostic variables is essential if minimally invasive, patient-specific cancer therapy is to be achieved. This report discusses the changes that are occurring in oncologic imaging and in genitourinary oncologic imaging in particular. It presents an overview of the applications of magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging for prostate cancer that is intended to illustrate the evolution of state-of-the-art imaging in a clinical setting. It also provides a short review of molecular imaging probes from the field of ongoing prostate cancer research. It concludes with a broader discussion of the nature of molecular imaging and the benefits it offers for cancer research and clinical care, which include noninvasive, in vivo imaging of specific cellular and molecular processes, nearly simultaneous monitoring of multiple molecular events, real-time imaging of the trafficking and targeting of cells, optimal patient-specific adjustment of drug and gene therapy, and assessment of disease progression at a molecular pathologic level.     

MRI和B超对卵巢肿瘤的诊断和比较

本文探讨ＭＲ和Ｂ超对卵巢肿瘤良恶性鉴别、定性及恶性肿瘤分期的诊断价值。采用双盲法对４２例（４９个病灶）经手术、病理证实的卵巢肿瘤的ＭＲ及Ｂ超征象进行分析。结果：ＭＲ和Ｂ超对卵巢肿瘤良恶性鉴别的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为８８．１０％／６１．９０％；９５．２４％／７１．４３％；９１．６７％／６６．６７％．两者间存在显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５），定性准确性分别为８０．９５％和５２．３８％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。对恶性肿瘤的分期ＭＲ准确性达７７．８％。ＭＲ扫描对卵巢肿瘤良恶性鉴别、定性均优于Ｂ超，对恶性肿瘤的分期亦有较大价值。