经腹膜后腹腔镜单纯性肾切除术的临床应用(附11例报告)

目的评价后腹腔镜下肾切除术的临床价值。方法采用后腹腔镜技术行单纯性肾切除11例。结果11例均手术成功，手术90-240min，平除术均120min。术中出血30-60mL，平均40mL。术后住院4、5d，术中、术后均未输血，未出现并发症。结论后腹腔镜下肾切微创，安全有效，术后恢复快，住院时间短，采用丝线结扎处理肾血管安全可靠，可降低手术成本。     

手助腹腔镜肾切除术的临床应用

目的 探讨手助腹腔镜肾切除术的临床应用价值.方法 采用手助腹腔镜行单纯肾切除术6例.结果 6例手术均获成功,无术中、术后并发症发生.手术时间110～240 min,平均180 min,术中出血50～170 mL,平均115 mL,术后住院时间5～12 d.结论 手助腹腔镜肾切除术操作安全,手术时间缩短并使腹腔镜切除较大肾脏成为可能.     

后腹腔镜切除巨大囊状无功能肾

目的探讨后腹腔镜切除巨大囊状无功能肾的技术方法和临床应用价值。方法 21例患者。患者均行后腹腔镜四孔法操作切除肾脏,丝线加钛夹处理肾蒂。观察手术时间、术中出血量和术中术后并发症及手术效果。结果 21例手术均获成功,无中转开放。手术时间50～110 min,平均80 min。术中出血量50～100 mL,平均75 mL。平均住院时间7.5 d,住院期间无并发症发生。21例患者术后随访1～3个月,未见异常,效果满意。结论该术式具有微创、出血少、恢复快及近期效果好等特点,较好地解决了巨大肾脏的分离与处理肾蒂的难题。适合于治疗巨大囊状无功能肾。     

腹腔镜肾切除肾蒂血管处理方法的比较

目的评估腹腔镜肾切除术中肾血管不同处理方法的安全性、便捷性和经济性。方法经腹腔或后腹腔行腹腔镜根治性肾切除、肾输尿管全长切除或单纯肾切除52例，处理肾血管的方法包括：腔内直线切割器、威克外科结扎锁、丝线结扎与威克外科结扎锁联合应用及单纯丝线结扎。结果四种方法均顺利、安全。无术中或术后继发出血。腔内直线切割器便捷，安全性良好，但价格昂贵；威克外科结扎锁便捷，安全性优异。价格适中；丝线结扎与威克外科结扎锁联合应用较便捷，安全性好，价格适中。适合肾静脉管腔粗、结扎锁不能将肾静脉全部包绕在内的病例；单纯丝线结扎耗时长，安全性一般，费用低廉。结论腹腔镜处理肾血管时。应用威克外科结扎锁安全、方法快捷、价格适中。     

后腹腔镜积水无功能肾切除术（附5例报告）

目的探讨后腹腔镜积水无功能肾切除术的手术方法和效果。方法对5例积水无功能肾患者行后腹腔镜积水无功能肾切除术。腰部3个Trocar穿刺入路,手指法建立后腹膜气腹,游离出部分病变肾脏后先肾脏切开一小口,吸净积水肾内的积水,然后再游离肾脏,暴露肾蒂后,用钛夹或Hem-olock夹闭肾蒂并切断,将积水无功能肾切除并置入标本袋后取出。结果5例手术均获得成功,手术时间为150～300min,平均为170min。术中出血10～80ml,平均30ml。引流管于术后2～3d拔除,无大出血、感染、腹膜破裂、腹腔脏器损伤等并发症。结论后腹腔镜积水无功能肾切除术是一种微创、安全、有效、恢复快的术式,必将成为此类疾病治疗的首选方法。     

手助腹腔镜根治性肾切除术21例报告

目的探讨手助腹腔镜根治性肾切除术的临床应用价值。方法采用手助腹腔镜根治性肾切除治疗肾肿瘤21例。结果21例手助腹腔镜手术均成功。手术时间80～150min，平均110min；术中出血20-300mL。平均85mL；病理报告均为肾细胞癌（透明细胞癌20例，乳头状细胞癌1例）；术后住院时间5-14d,平均8d。结论采用手助腹腔镜根治性肾切除治疗肾肿瘤是安全有效的，与开放手术相比，具有损伤小、痛苦少、出血少、术后恢复快等优点。     

腹腔镜下非阻断肾蒂的低危肾癌 保留肾单位手术临床分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜下不阻断肾蒂行肾部分切除术治疗肾肿瘤的手术技巧与临床应用效果。方法 2010年1月~2013年6月采用腹腔镜在不阻断肾蒂情况下对26例肾肿瘤行保留肾单位手术,均采用经腹途径,应用超声刀和双极电凝切除肾肿瘤,止血纱布填压及肾实质创面缝合的方法操作,观察手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院天数和术中、术后并发症及手术效果。结果 26例手术全部获得成功,平均手术时间为90 min;平均出血量145 mL,平均术后住院时间为8 d,手术效果好,无并发症,随访6～36个月,未见肿瘤转移或复发。结论 不阻断肾蒂行腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术安全可靠,避免了肾脏热缺血对肾功能的影响。     

Hem-o-lok在后腹腔镜解剖性根治性肾切除术中的应用

目的 评价后腹腔镜解剖性根治性肾切除术中单独应用Hem-o-lok处理肾动静脉的安全性及可靠性.方法 2005年1月～2007年6月行后腹腔镜根治性肾切除术168例,常规制备后腹腔操作空间.按顺序分别进入4个相对无血管解剖层面进行分离.单独应用Hem-o-lok处理肾动静脉.结果 168例手术均成功.无中转开放手术,无Hem-o-lok滑脱,移位.全部手术均成功完成.手术时间(138±46)min,出血量(90±30)mL.无严重手术并发症发生,无输血.恢复饮食和下床活动时间分别为1.3d和1.2d.术后平均住院日5.B d.随访6～18个月,平均8个月,均无瘤生存.结论 后腹腔镜解剖性根治性肾切除术中单独使用Hem-o-lok处理肾动静脉安全、可靠.     

后腹腔镜下切除严重感染粘连性无功能肾(附7例报告)

目的 探讨后腹腔镜下切除严重感染粘连性无功能肾的技术方法和临床应用价值。方法 7例患者，男5例，女2例；年龄38～59岁，平均44岁。黄色肉芽肿2例，多囊肾并感染1例，肾结核2例，慢性感染2例。左侧4例，右侧3例。7例均行后腹腔镜下肾切除。其中4例行包膜下肾切除，沿肾脏长轴切开增厚的肾包膜，包膜内游离肾实质，紧靠肾门处再次环行切开肾包膜，分离肾血管周围脂肪，使肾蒂组织薄到足以用Ligasure凝固血管，再离断肾蒂，取出标本，留置腹膜后引流管。观察手术时间，术中出血量，术中术后并发症及恢复时间。结果 7例手术均获成功。手术1．5～3．0h（平均2．2h），术中出血40～120mL（平均70mL），术后肠功能恢复时间1、2d，术中及术后无明显并发症，术后住院5～7d。随访3～12个月，效果满意。结论 该术式具有微创、出血少、恢复快和效果好等特点，较好地解决了后腹腔镜下切除严重感染粘连性无功能肾的肾蒂处理难题。     

后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿(附14例报告)

目的 探讨后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术在乳糜尿的治疗中的应用价值.方法 2004年7月～2009年6月共收治乳糜尿患者14例,所有患者14例接受经后腹腔镜下肾蒂淋巴管结扎术,双侧患者双侧病变同时结扎.结果所有手术均顺利完成,手术时间60～145min,平均95 min,术中出血量约30～120mL,平均50mL,术后未出现严重并发症,术后平均住院6.8 d.患者出院时尿液均清亮,出院前复查乳糜试验均阴性.随访3～15个月,无乳糜尿症状复发.结论腹腔镜下肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗乳糜尿是一种安全,有效的治疗方法,具有创伤小,并发症少,住院时间短,恢复快等优点,值得临床推广.     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Modified micro-superior percutaneously-assisted total hip: early experiences & case reports

Because of the extensile nature and familiarity of the standard posterior-lateral approach to the hip, a family of "micro-posterior" approaches has been developed. This family includes the Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (PATH) approach, the Supercapsular (SuperCap) approach and a newer hybrid approach, the Supercapsular Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (SuperPATH) approach. Such approaches should ideally provide a continuum for the surgeon: from a "micro" (external rotator sparing) posterior approach, to a "mini" (external rotator sacrificing) posterior approach, to a standard posterior approach. This could keep a surgeon within his comfort zone during the learning curve of the procedure, while leaving options for complicated reconstructions for the more practiced micro-posterior surgeons. This paper details one author's experiences utilizing this combined approach, as well as permutations of this entire micro-posterior family of approaches as applied to more complex hip reconstructions.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.