小型节能头灯的制做与应用

医院(特别是儿童医院)在日常的诊断和治疗护理工作中,需要在小局部范围、短时间光源照明.目前市场上各种医用头灯存在着价格昂贵,使用不方便;我院医护人员在加05年10月至2007年3月使用我院自行研制的节能头灯,采用现代电子技术,在夜间给病人注射、换药和其他治疗以及查房巡视等小范围用光场合,取得了良好的效果.     

Cervicogenic exophthalmos: Possible etiology and pathogenesis

BACKGROUND Unilateral exophthalmos is often caused by inflammation, neoplasm, infection,metabolic disease, vascular disorder and several other less common conditions.Reflex sympathetic dystrophy related to unilateral exophthalmos has not been reported in the past literature.CASE SUMMARY We describe a 45-year-old female with unilateral exophthalmos caused by reflex sympathetic dystrophy and its unexpected spontaneous disappearance after a standard anterior cervical discectomy and fixation operation with two PEEK interbody cages and a plate. To our surprise, the patient’s left unilateral exophthalmos improved spontaneously in the morning on postoperative day 2-with no relapse, without any further medication, as of seven years. We have named this condition "cervicogenic exophthalmos."CONCLUSION We would inform other clinicians that unilateral exophthalmos was caused not only by inflammation, vascular disorder, infection, neoplasm, or metabolic disease, but also by reflex sympathetic dystrophy related with cervicogenic spondylosis. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first related case report and use of the term "cervicogenic exophthalmos" after reviewing previous literature.     

Photodynamic therapy as salvage therapy for residual microscopic cancer after ultra-low anterior resection: A case report

BACKGROUND The rate of positive resection margins(R1) in patients with low rectal cancer is substantial. Recommended remedies such as extended resection or chemoradiotherapy have their own serious drawbacks. It has been reported that photodynamic therapy(PDT) as a remedial treatment for esophageal cancer.Colorectal cancer and esophageal cancer has many similarities,however,PDT as a salvage therapy for rectal cancer is rare.CASE SUMMARY Here,we describe a 56-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital due to a 6-mo history of hemafecia,which had been aggravated for 1 mo. Colonoscopy revealed a 3 × 4 cm ulcerated mass in the rectum 4 cm from the anus.Preoperative pathological examination showed villous adenoma,moderate-tohigh-grade dysplasia,good differentiation,and invasion of the mucosal muscle.The patient had R1 after ultra-low anterior resection,but he refused extended resection and experienced severe liver function impairment after 3 cycles of chemotherapy. Ultimately,the patient underwent PDT to remove R1. After five years of follow-up,there was no liver function impairment,recurrence,metastasis,sexual dysfunction,or abnormal defecation function.CONCLUSION This is the first case worldwide in which R1 of rectal cancer were successfully treated by PDT.     

Endodontic management of the maxillary first molars with two root canals: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND The complex anatomy of the maxillary first molars has always been a major challenge for complete root canal treatment in endodontic therapy. Here, we present two cases of maxillary first molars, each with only two root canals, which have been rarely reported. We also perform a literature review of maxillary first molar anatomy.CASE SUMMARY The two patients were referred to the hospital after 1) finding a cavity in their tooth with a color change and, 2) a toothache during mastication, respectively.Both of these cases were diagnosed as apical periodontitis by X-ray imaging and cone beam computed tomography(CBCT). Non-surgical endodontic therapy was performed with the assistance of a dental operating microscope(DOM). CBCT showed rare but accurate images of both patients, each with two root canals and two roots in their maxillary first molars. Both roots were located in the buccal in the palatal direction, and each root had only one clear root canal. In addition,each maxillary first molar in both patients was symmetrical to that on the opposing side with only two separate root canals. Non-surgical endodontic therapy was performed with the assistance of a DOM. Finally, the teeth were restored using composite resin and the patients were satisfied with the results.CONCLUSION Making full use of CBCT and DOM would contribute to helping dentists make correct diagnoses and successfully treat teeth with rare root canal morphologies.     

世界疼痛日——中国镇痛周暨建立疼痛科新闻发布会隆重召开中华医学会疼痛学分会第七届年会胜利闭幕

世界疼痛日中国镇痛周暨建立疼痛科新闻发布会、中华医学会疼痛学分会第七届年会于2007年10月12～16日在北京九华山庄隆重举行.全国人大副委员长中科院韩启德院士、原全国人大副委员长中科院吴阶平院士、卫生部陈啸宏副部长、卫生部医政司王羽司长、卫生部科教司刘雁飞司长、中华医学会吴明江常务副会长、原卫生部副部长中国医师协会殷大奎会长及有关方面的领导、专家及参加大会的疼痛医学专家代表约五百人参加了新闻发布会.     

读片窗及答案

病例 男,62岁.以"发现尿黄5天"为主诉入院.无发热、恶心及厌食等伴随症状.查体:血压150/100mmHg,巩膜轻度黄染,腹软无压痛,肝区无叩击痛,肝肋下未触及.实验室检查:血WBC 13.1×109/L,EO 5.2×109/L,占39.7%.TBIL 36.6μmol/L,DBIL 21.5μmol/L,UDBIL 15.1μmol/L.ALT 88U/L,GGT 201U/L.AFP及CEA阴性.HBsAb阳性,其余4项均阴性.     

结合中医理论对上呼吸道感染的护理

上呼吸道感染一年四季均可发病,但以冬春季节为多.此类病人病程一般在10 d以上,易反复,有的甚至迁延不愈达1个月以上,造成门诊输液量增加、交叉感染机会增多,在医治过程中医护人员也易感染.此病虽然不像癌症使人恐惧,但它的发病率高,有的1年内可发病3次～5次,给身体和生活造成很大的不便.此类病人的症状为鼻塞、流涕、喷嚏、咳嗽、咽干、咽痛、头痛、发热、乏力、全身不适等,护理一般采取对症施护:休息、保持室内空气清新、多饮水、清淡饮食等,而应用中医理论施护则更具体、更有效,对于疾病的痊愈会有极大的促进作用.     

伸缩式垂直升降护理机的适用性探讨

昏迷病人、截瘫病人、慢性消耗性疾病及脑卒中后遗症病人常伴有肢体瘫痪而长期卧床,生活不能自理,大小便失禁,易发生压疮,给病人带来极大痛苦,给家属带来繁重的负担[1].为解决这一难题,人们研究了一些护理器械,如"升降护理装置",这种护理装置由铁床、软布带、支架杆、绑绳钢筋、软网布、定滑轮组件、动滑轮组件、万向节连接件和钢丝绳组成.     

Seroconversion of HBsAG coincides with hepatitis A superinfection: A case report

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus(HBV)is a hepatotropic virus that can cause acute and chronic liver damage.According to the world health organization 257 million people are infected with chronic HBV infection worldwide.Super-infection with other hepadnaviruses,including hepatitis A virus(HAV),hepatitis C virus,hepatitis D virus,and hepatitis E virus is associated with increased risk of acute liver failure in patients with chronic HBV.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report a case of a 47-year old male patient with HBV-related compensated Child A cirrhosis,who presented with general fatigue,malaise and laboratory signs of acute hepatitis.Although the patient was regularly seen at a specialized university liver unit,the HAV vaccination status was unclear.Acute HAV super-infection was diagnosed by positive serological and polymerase chain reaction analysis.Following acute HAV super-infection,spontaneous HBsAg elimination and development of an anti-HBs titer were observed.CONCLUSION This case illustrates the importance of carefully checking the vaccination status.In our patient,unspecific immunological responses to HAV led to functional cure of HBV.     

Combined surgical and interventional treatment of tandem carotid artery and middle cerebral artery embolus: A case report

BACKGROUND The 2018 American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guidelines for early management of acute ischemic stroke recommend the use of retrievable stents for mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery M1 occlusion that can be treated within 6 h from onset.For cases of carotid artery with ipsilateral middle cerebral artery tandem embolization, the operation is more complicated and challenging. We here report a case of a tandem embolism, and the anatomy of the aortic arch was complex.Direct carotid artery incision and thrombectomy can not only prevent the escape of the carotid embolus but also save time during establishment of the thrombectomy access.CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 70-year-old man. He was admitted to hospital due to sudden inability to speak and inability to move his right limb for 3 h. Imaging confirmed a diagnosis of a tandem embolism in the left carotid artery with left M1 occlusion.Carotid artery incision thrombectomy combined with stent thrombectomy was performed. The operation was successful, and 24 h later the patient was conscious and mentally competent but had motor aphasia. His bilateral limb muscle strength level was 5, and his neurologic severity scores score was 2.CONCLUSION Carotid artery incision thrombectomy combined with stenting for carotid artery plus cerebral artery tandem embolization is clinically feasible. For patients with a complicated aortic arch and an extremely tortuous carotid artery, carotid artery incision can be chosen to establish the interventional path.     

盆底肌训练和盆底电刺激在产后盆底肌力康复治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨盆底肌训练和盆底电刺激在产妇产后盆底肌力康复治疗中的应用价值。方法选择该院2012年4月至2015年1月收治的118例足月妊娠产妇进行研究,按康复治疗方案分为联合组、电刺激组、训练组,电刺激组采用盆底电刺激治疗,训练组采用Kegel运动和阴道哑铃进行康复训练治疗,联合组综合其他2组方法治疗,比较3组产妇治疗效果。结果联合组产妇康复治疗总有效率远高于其他2组,联合组产妇在治疗后30、90d时盆底收缩压、静息压、持续收缩压、持续时间、快速收缩压、收缩个数均优于其他2组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论盆底电刺激和盆底肌训练对产后盆底肌力康复均有一定作用,联合应用可显著提高康复治疗效果。     

Contribution of pelvic floor muscles to stiffness of the pelvic ring

STUDY DESIGN: A biomechanical study in embalmed specimens, on the relation between applied tension in the pelvic floor muscles, stiffness of the pelvic ring and generation of movement in the sacroiliac joints. OBJECTIVE: To gain insight into the effect of tension in the pelvic floor muscles on stiffness of the pelvic ring. Background. According to a model on selfbracing pelvic floor muscles have the capacity to stiffen the sacroiliac joints. However, this capacity has not been demonstrated in vitro yet. METHODS: In 18 embalmed specimens an incremental moment was applied to the sacroiliac joints to induce rotation of the innominate bones in the sagittal plane. After assessment of the relationship between rotation angle and moment, springs were applied to the pelvis to simulate tension in the pelvic floor muscles. During the simulated tension the measurements were repeated. Differences in stiffness before and after applying springs were tested for significance. RESULTS: In females, simulated tension in the pelvic floor muscles stiffened the sacroiliac joints with 8.5% (P < 0.05). In males no significant changes occurred. In both sexes a backward rotation of the sacrum occurred due to simulated tension in the pelvic floor muscles (P < 0.05). The sacroiliac joints of female specimens were more mobile in comparison to male specimens (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In females, pelvic floor muscles have the capacity to increase stiffness of the pelvic ring. In addition, these muscles can generate a backward rotation of the sacrum in both sexes. RELEVANCE: The ability of pelvic floor muscles to increase stiffness of the pelvic ring is of importance in patients with impairment of pelvic stability, especially in pelvic pain patients. Increased activity of these pelvic floor muscles might compensate for loss of pelvic stability by stiffening the pelvic ring and restoring proper load transfer through the lumbopelvic region.     

An unusual pelvic mass: Contrast-enhanced sonographic diagnosis of pelvic splenosis

Splenosis is an unusual condition representing auto-transplantation of splenic tissue following splenic trauma or surgery. When detected on imaging studies, the splenosis deposits are usually misinterpreted as pathological masses. We present a case where a pelvic mass incidentally visualized on an MRI examination, was proven to represent a deposit of splenosis by contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). CEUS demonstrated persistent late-phase enhancement characteristic of splenic tissue. Ultrasound practitioners should be aware of this condition when an unusual abdominal or pelvic mass is encountered in a patient with a history of splenic trauma or surgery. CEUS is ideally suited to confirming the diagnosis.     

Recognizing and treating pelvic pain and pelvic floor dysfunction

The reported prevalence rates of pain within the pelvis range from 3.8% to 24% in women aged 15 to 73 years. Despite the significant number of women affected, pelvic floor pain and dysfunction are commonly overlooked in women seeking medical care. Physiatrists are uniquely qualified to manage these patients because of their knowledge of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems and their awareness of the relationships among pain, physiology, and function. When evaluating women who have pelvic pain, practitioners must ask questions about history of urinary or fecal incontinence, dyspareunia, or pelvic pain with certain activities or associated with menses, surgery, or trauma. If left unidentified, pelvic floor dysfunction can deter individuals from normal bowel and bladder function, intimacy, and even engagement in work and social functions. This article introduces pelvic floor anatomy, neurophysiology, and function and provides an overview of pelvic pain and pelvic floor dysfunctions and their recognition and treatment.     

Conservative management of pelvic abscess in recurrent pelvic inflammatory disease.

The recent incidence of acute-on-chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, with associated abscess formation, has dramatically increased. Recurrent abscess formation in chronic pelvic inflammatory disease that fails to respond to maximal antibiotic treatment has been traditionally treated by open surgical drainage, frequently accompanied by pelvic clearance.With the development of techniques associated with in vitro fertilization, treatment can now be effected allowing conservation of fertility. This paper describes 12 cases of ultrasound-directed transvaginal fine-needle aspiration of pelvic abscess. A positive outcome occurred in all patients, thus avoiding major surgery.     

盆底康复锻炼对产妇盆底肌肉肌电活动及盆底功能的影响

目的:探讨产后盆底康复锻炼对盆底肌肉肌电活动、盆底功能的影响。方法:选取140例产妇,根据是否于产后6周接受盆底康复锻炼分为康复组83例(给予生物电刺激+生物反馈治疗)、对照组57例(患者不愿意接受产后盆底功能康复治疗),对比2组产妇产后6周及3个月时的盆底肌电生理指标、盆腔器官脱垂定量(POP-Q)分度。结果:产后6周时,康复组盆底Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类肌纤维的肌电位均值与对照组比较差异无统计学意义;产后3个月,康复组盆底Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类肌纤维的肌电位均值均显著高于对照组(均P0.05),康复组的盆底Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类肌纤维的疲劳值均显著小于对照组(均P0.05);产后3个月,康复组的C点距离、D点距离均显著大于对照组(均P0.05);产后3个月,康复组的PFIQ-7、PISQ-12评分均显著高于对照组(均P0.05)。结论:产后盆底康复锻炼对盆底肌肉肌电活动、盆底功能恢复具有积极作用。     

骨盆骨折的生物力学研究

骨盆骨折是一种高能量的损伤,作为临床发生率逐年升高、致残率高和病死率高的一种疾病,进行相关生物力学研究有助于解释骨盆骨折的发生机制、骨折分型并对最终的治疗方式的选择有着非常重要的作用。立足于对骨盆骨折生物力学作一个总体的回顾,通过骨盆生物力学、骨盆骨折生物力学、骨盆治疗生物力学3个方面进行综述,期望为骨盆骨折生物力学研究以及骨盆骨折相关治疗研究提供参考。     

MRI of pelvic neurofibromatosis

Pelvic neurofibromatosis is a rare disease and rarely involves the prostate. A 19-year-old male presented with irritative and obstructive voiding symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large mass extending from the sacral promontory to the perirectal and perivesical spaces and to the proximal root of the penis. The mass also involved the prostate. The characteristics of the mass were highly suggestive for neurofibroma. Prostate biopsy showed neurofibroma, and the immunohistochemistry stain for S-100 protein was positive.     

女性盆腔器官膨出疾病全盆底修复重建术的手术配合

目的:探讨女性盆腔器官膨出疾病全盆底修复重建术的手术配合方法.方法:对25例盆腔器官膨出患者手术治疗的护理配合进行回顾性总结.结果:25例患者平均手术时间50 min;术中平均出血量20～50 ml.术后无并发症发生.结论:手术室护士不但要熟悉疾病的特点,还要具备娴熟的护理技术,从而提高手术配合质量,减少手术并发症的发生.