白细胞介素-1基因多态性的研究进展

白细胞介素-1(interleukin-1，IL-l)是一个非常重要的前炎症细胞因子，其基因多态性与疾病的发生、发展密切相关，对IL-l基因多态性的研究有助于一些疾病的治疗。本文就IL-1基因多态性的研究进展作一综述。     

白细胞介素-1基因多态性的研究进展

白细胞介素 1(interleukin 1,IL 1)是一个非常重要的前炎症细胞因子 ,其基因多态性与疾病的发生、发展密切相关 ,对IL 1基因多态性的研究有助于一些疾病的治疗。本文就IL 1基因多态性的研究进展作一综述。     

单核细胞趋化蛋白-1与转化生长因子-β1在糖尿病肾病中的关系

目的探讨糖尿病肾病患者单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)与转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)的关系.方法根据24 h尿微白蛋白排泄率(UAER)水平的不同将31例2型糖尿病患者分为3组正常蛋白尿组(NA)、微量蛋白尿组(MA)、临床蛋白尿组(ODN),10例体检健康者作为对照组(NC).分别检测各组血、尿MCP-1和TGF-β1(采用酶联免疫吸附法)、空腹血糖、糖基化血红蛋白、血脂.结果与正常对照组相比,3组糖尿病患者血清MCP-1无显著性差别,但MA及ODN组尿MCP-1/尿Cr较NA及NC组均显著升高.3组糖尿病患者血TGF-β1均显著高于对照组.相关分析表明尿MCP-1/尿CR与血TGF-β1成正相关(r=0.54,P＜0.01).结论糖尿病病程中,MCP-1和TGF-β1相互影响,共同参与肾脏病变的发生、发展.     

转化生长因子-β1和凝血酶原激活物抑制物-1与高血压性肾损害关系的研究

近来研究表明，多种细胞因子以及纤溶系统在高血压性肾损害的发生发展过程中起了重要的促进作用。有关转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)及凝血酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)在原发性高血压患者中的表达水平及其在高血压肾小动脉硬化发生发展中的作用，目前尚鲜见报道。本课题应用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法测定了原发性高血压患者血浆PAI-1、尿TGF-G，水平，观察其与高血压性肾损害发生发展的关系，     

胰岛素样生长因子-1及其结合蛋白-1与糖尿病大血管并发症的关系

糖尿病(diabete millitus,DM)大血管病变是DM致死的最重要原因.据统计,DM死亡原因中大血管病变占80%;2型DM 发生大血管病变的危险性比正常人高2～3倍,但DM大血管病变的病因至今尚未完全明了.近年来,胰岛素样生长因子-1(insulin-like growth factor-1,IGF-1)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1(insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1,IGFBP-1),因其独特的生物学特性,在DM大血管并发症中的作用越来越受到人们的重视,以下就此做一综述.     

缺氧诱导因子-1α、葡萄糖转运体-1在恶性黑素瘤中的表达及意义

目的研究缺氧诱导因子-1α（Hypoxia inducing factor-1α，HIF-1α）及葡萄糖转运体-1Glucose transporter-1，GLUT-1）在人恶性黑素瘤组织中表达及其临床意义。方法应用免疫组织化学方法检测35例人恶性黑素瘤标本和22例色素痣中HIF-1α、GLUT-1的表达。结果HIF-1α在恶性黑素瘤和色素痣中均有表达，但在恶性黑素瘤中的表达明显高于色素痣（t=7．00，P〈0．01）；29例恶性黑素瘤组织表达GLUT-1阳性率82．8％，色素痣组织仅2例呈弱阳性表达（9．1％），两者表达差异有显著性意义（χ^2=29．63，P〈0．01）；HIF-1α与GLUT-1的表达呈正相关（r=0．71，P〈0．01）。结论HIF-1α和GLUT-1在恶性黑素瘤中的表达增高，可能参与肿瘤的发生发展。     

新德里金属-β-内酰胺酶-1基因流行病学研究进展

近些年,临床分离的细菌对常规抗生素正显示出越来越强的耐药性,除耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和耐万古霉素肠球菌外,多重耐药革兰阴性菌的出现也威胁到了公众健康。《柳叶刀——传染病》期刊中的关于携带有新德里金属-β-内酰胺酶-1     

触发性受体-1(TREM-1)和脓毒症

脓毒症(sepsis)是由感染引起的全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)，表现为发热或低热、白细胞增多或减少、心动过速、呼吸急促等，进一步发展可导致脓毒性休克、多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)，是各种严重创伤、烧伤、休克、外科大手术常见的并发症。目前，对脓毒症的治疗仍未达到满意水平。SIRS、脓毒症及其引起的脓毒性休克已成为临床危重患者的重要死因之一。全世界众多的学者一直致力于对SIRS及脓毒症发病机制的研究，     

Genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P450 1A1 (Cyp1A1) and glutathione transferases (M1, T1 and P1) among Africans.

The co-ordinate expression and regulation of the drug metabolising enzymes, cytochrome P4501A1 (CYPlAl) and glutathione transferases (GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1), and their metabolic balance in the cells of target organs may determine whether exposure to carcinogens results in cancer. Besides showing variability in activity due to induction and inhibition, these enzymes also exhibit genetic polymorphism that alter enzyme levels and activity. We determined frequencies of common allelic variants of CYP1A1 and glutathione (M1, T1 and P1) among Tanzanians, South African Venda and Zimbabweans using PCR/restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques. The CYP1A1 Val462 mutant variant was found at a frequency of 1.3% among 114 subjects. The GSTM1*0 genotype was found at a frequency of 29% and 33% among Tanzanian psychiatric patients and healthy volunteers, respectively. Similarly, the GSTT1*0 polymorphism was present with a frequency of 25% in both the psychiatric patients and healthy controls. The frequency of GSTP1 Val105 variant was 16%, 12% and 21% among Tanzanians, South African Venda and Zimbabweans, respectively. We conclude here that CYP1A1 Val462 polymorphism is very rare among Africans. This is the first report of the GSTP1 Val105 variant frequency in African populations. We show here that there are no differences in frequencies of the variant alleles for CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 in the three African populations.     

Influenza A (H1N1) vs non-H1N1 ARDS: Analysis of clinical course

Purpose

The purpose of the study is to compare H1N1-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with ARDS due to other causes of severe community-acquired pneumonia focusing on pulmonary function.

Materials and methods

This is a retrospective data analysis of adult ARDS patients between January 2009 and December 2010 in an ARDS referral center. Patient characteristics, severity of illness scores, modalities, and duration of extracorporeal lung support were evaluated as well as intensive care unit stay and survival. Parameters of mechanical ventilation and pulmonary function were analyzed on day of admission and over the consecutive 10 days using a nonparametric analysis of longitudinal data in a 2-factorial design. In a logistic regression analysis, risk factors for extracorporeal lung support were investigated.

Results

Twenty-one patients with H1N1-ARDS and 41 with non-H1N1-ARDS were identified. Gas exchange was more severely impaired in patients with H1N1-ARDS over course of time. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was more frequently needed in H1N1-ARDS. Despite significantly prolonged weaning off extracorporeal lung support and intensive care unit stay in H1N1 patients, the proportion of survivors did not differ significantly. Only Sepsis-Related Organ Failure Assessment score could be identified as an independent predictor of extracorporeal lung support.

Conclusions

Clinical course of H1N1-ARDS is substantially different from non-H1N1-ARDS. Affected patients may require extensive therapy including extracorporeal lung support in ARDS referral centers.