APACHEⅡ评分、PAR与老年脓毒症病情严重程度的关系及对短期预后的预测价值

目的探讨急性生理与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、降钙素原与白蛋白比值(PAR)与老年脓毒症患者病情严重程度的关系,并分析其对短期预后的预测价值。方法回顾性分析2016年5月—2020年9月诊治的328例老年脓毒症患者的临床资料,计算PAR、APACHEⅡ评分,比较不同病情脓毒症患者PAR、APACHEⅡ评分差异,多因素Cox回归分析患者28 d死亡的危险因素,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析预测患者28 d死亡的临床价值。结果脓毒症休克患者入院时降钙素原(PCT)高于脓毒症、严重脓毒症患者,白蛋白(ALB)低于脓毒症、严重脓毒症患者(P0.05)。脓毒症、严重脓毒症、脓毒症休克入院时APACHEⅡ评分、PAR逐渐升高(P0.05)。328例脓毒症患者,28 d死亡73例,病死率为22.26%;脓毒症、严重脓毒症、脓毒症休克患者28 d病死率逐渐升高(P0.05)。糖尿病、PAR0.35、APACHEⅡ评分22.75分、序贯器官衰竭评估(SOFA)评分8.15分是老年脓毒症患者28 d死亡的独立危险因素(P0.05,P0.01)。APACHEⅡ联合PAR预测老年脓毒症28 d死亡的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.869,具有较高的预测价值。结论 APACHEⅡ评分、PAR可反映老年脓毒症患者病情严重程度,二者联合检测预测老年脓毒症短期死亡的临床价值较优。     

老年脓毒症相关心脏舒张功能不全患者的心肌损伤情况及危险因素分析

目的:分析老年脓毒症相关心脏舒张功能不全患者的心肌损伤情况及危险因素.方法:收集老年脓毒症患者92例,行床旁心脏超声检查,根据心脏舒张功能是否不全分为脓毒症相关心脏舒张功能不全组(观察组)和心脏舒张功能正常组(对照组),于入院第1天及第3天行心肌损伤标志物检查并比较2组患者的临床特征.采用logistic回归模型分析脓...     

血小板参数与老年脓毒症病情严重程度的关系及对短期预后的预测作用

目的:探讨血小板参数与老年脓毒症患者病情严重程度的关系及对其短期预后的影响。方法:回顾性分析276例老年脓毒症患者的临床资料,其中脓毒症73例,严重脓毒症116例,脓毒性休克87例;比较3组入院时血小板参数差异,并记录276例患者28 d转归,多因素Cox回归分析脓毒症患者28 d预后不良的危险因素,ROC分析曲线显示各影响因素对老年脓毒症患者28 d预后的预测价值。结果:脓毒性休克组入院时血小板分布宽度(PDW)高于严重脓毒症组,且均高于脓毒症组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);脓毒性休克组平均血小板体积(MPV)高于脓毒症组(P0.05),与严重脓毒症组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);3组血小板计数(PC)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。276例患者中28 d共死亡62例(22.46%)为预后不良组,存活214例(77.54%)为预后良好组,单因素分析显示,预后良好组年龄、血肌酐(SCr)、凝血酶原时间、C反应蛋白、总胆红素、血乳酸、白细胞计数、降钙素原、APACHEⅡ评分、序贯器官衰竭评估(SOFA)评分、PDW、MPV均低于预后不良组,氧合指数、PC高于预后不良组(P0.05);多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,PDW≥13.50%、SCr≥180.00μmol/L、APACHEⅡ评分≥22.50分、SOFA评分≥7.50分是老年脓毒症患者28 d死亡的独立危险因素;ROC分析曲线显示,PDW、SCr、APACHEⅡ、SOFA评分预测老年脓毒症患者死亡的AUC分别为0.823、0.658、0.766、0.727,且以PDW预测老年脓毒症患者28 d死亡的AUC最高。结论:脓毒症病情越严重,PDW升高越显著,PDW升高是老年脓毒症患者预后不良的危险因素,其水平变化可用于预测患者短期预后。     

脓毒症患者发生应激性溃疡的危险因素及预后分析

目的 研究脓毒症患者住院期间发生应激性溃疡 (stress ulcer，SU)的危险因素，评估相关指标对于脓毒症患者预后的影响。 方法 回顾性分析了2019.1-2021.7入住复旦大学附属中山医院急诊科重症监护室 (EICU)的脓毒症患者共344例，采用Logistic二项回归模型评估脓毒症患者发生SU及28天死亡的危险因素，通过受试者工作特征曲线 (ROC曲线)评估预测能力，应用统计软件SPSS 23.0进行统计分析。 结果 共纳入344例脓毒症患者，发生SU占23.3% (n=80)。部分促炎细胞因子（白介素（IL）-6、IL-8）在SU组显著升高 (P < 0.05)，年龄、前白蛋白、白蛋白、血脂 (胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白)、尿素氮、血肌酐、房颤、慢性心功能不全、机械通气是脓毒症患者发生SU的危险因素 (P < 0.05)。APACHE II评分和发生SU是脓毒症患者28天死亡的独立危险因素 (P < 0.01)，联合APACHE II评分和发生SU对于脓毒症患者28天死亡率有一定的预测价值。 结论 发生SU的脓毒症患者常合并炎症反应的紊乱，SU的发生是多种因素共同作用的结果，早期识别并纠正可逆性因素可能会改善脓毒症患者的预后。 关键词：脓毒症；应激性溃疡；危险因素；预后     

老年脓毒症幸存者股四头肌厚度变化对非计划再入院的预测价值

目的:探讨老年脓毒症幸存者股四头肌厚度（QMT）变化对其出院后3个月内非计划再入院的预测价值。方法:选取2020年1月—2022年3月海南医学院第二附属医院重症监护病房（ICU）收治的310例老年脓毒症幸存者为前瞻性研究随访队列，连续随访3个月，以首次非计划再入院或完成随访为观察终点。收集所有老年脓毒症幸存者的临床资料，于入ICU后24 h内和第7天时分别采用超声测量QMT，并计算QMT变化率。采用单因素分析、多因素Logistic回归分析、受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线探讨QMT变化与老年脓毒症幸存者出院后3个月内非计划再入院的关系。结果:310例老年脓毒症幸存者中，共96例病人出院后3个月内发生非计划再入院，发生率为30.97%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，年龄≥75岁（OR=2.086,P=0.036）、第7天时QMT (OR=0.356,P<0.001)、QMT变化率（OR=1.368,P<0.001）是老年脓毒症幸存者发生非计划再入院的独立影响因素。ROC曲线分析结果显示，第7天时QMT、QMT变化率预测老年脓毒症幸存者出院后3个月内非计划再入院的ROC...     

老年脓毒症41例临床特点分析

目的分析老年脓毒症患者临床特点及与预后的关系,以提高老年脓毒症的诊治水平。方法根据脓毒症诊断标准入选的41例老年患者,根据预后分为死亡组与存活组,分析两组患者年龄、临床症状、原发病、基础疾病等临床特征。结果在老年脓毒症病例中,死亡组较存活组平均年龄大、基础疾病多、白细胞计数高、血清白蛋白浓度低、有意识改变、休克、多器官功能障碍综合征的患者增加,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);且老年人脓毒症原发感染部位为呼吸系统感染占63.4%。结论老年脓毒症患者预后与患者年龄、基础疾病、脓毒症严重程度有关。     

毛细血管渗漏指数对脓毒症危险分层及预后评估的价值

目的:探讨毛细血管渗漏指数(CLI)在脓毒症患者病情严重程度分层及预后评估中的应用价值。方法:选取2014-01-2016-04我院ICU收入的脓毒症患者286例,根据脓毒症的风险分级将患者分为脓毒症组、严重脓毒症组和脓毒症休克组,比较3组患者的APACHEⅡ评分、乳酸、CLI、MODS数目及病死率有无差异。采用Spearman相关分析法评估CLI与APACHEⅡ评分及MODS数目的相关性。根据患者28d的生存情况分为存活组和死亡组,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析法明确影响脓毒症患者预后的危险因素。结果:脓毒症休克组的APACHEⅡ评分、乳酸、CLI、MODS数目及病死率明显高于严重脓毒症组及脓毒症组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);严重脓毒症组的APACHEⅡ评分、CLI、MODS数目及病死率高于脓毒症组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),脓毒症组的乳酸与严重脓毒症组相比,差异无统计学意义。CLI与APACHEⅡ评分呈正相关(r=0.441,P=0.00);与MODS数目呈正相关(r=0.622,P=0.00)。单因素分析结果显示:年龄、患糖尿病、脓毒症的分级、乳酸、APACHEⅡ评分、CLI、MODS数目与脓毒症的预后相关。多因素回归分析结果显示:CLI、乳酸、APACHEⅡ评分是影响脓毒症患者预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:CLI可作为判断脓毒症病情严重程度分层及预后的较好指标。     

ICU老年脓毒症60例临床分析

目的:分析老年脓毒症患者的临床特点及与预后的关系.方法:将脓毒症患者60例根据预后分为死亡组与存活组,比较两组患者的年龄、临床症状、实验室检查、急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEII)及镇静药物用量等指标.结果:死亡组与存活组比较,呼吸频率、平均动脉压、中性粒细胞比例、血清前蛋白浓度、氧合指数、APACHEII、气道峰压及镇静药物用量等均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:老年脓毒症患者预后与患者脓毒症严重程度、营养状况等因素有关.     

血浆心钠素及脑钠素检测对预测老年重度脓毒症并发心功能异常及预后的价值

目的 探讨老年重度脓毒症患者血浆心钠素及脑钠素检测对预测心功能异常及不良预后的价值和意义。方法 采用巢式病例对照研究方法，43名老年重度脓毒症患者于确诊后次日测血浆心钠素和脑钠素浓度，并连续3d超声监测患者心功能以确定其是否并发心功能异常并分组，比较两组心钠素和脑钠素浓度，并通过工作曲线下面积比较以确定心钠素和脑钠素对预测心功能异常及不良预后的价值。结果 老年重度脓毒症患者血浆心钠素和脑钠素均能预测心功能异常的发生，但脑钠素预测价值较高。心钠素和脑钠素对死亡预测价值均不高。结论 血浆脑钠素可以作为预测老年重度脓毒症患者合并心功能异常较好的生物学指标。     

成功救治肺源性心脏病并发胃肠道穿孔、脓毒症休克一例

脓毒症是患者入住ICU的常见病因,也是ICU患者死亡的主要原因之一。急性肾功能损伤是脓毒症常见脏器损伤,且与患者病死率相关。慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者由于长期肺动脉高压会导致肺源性心脏病,并进一步引起右心肥大甚至心功能不全,严重影响患者心肺功能。嘉兴市第二医院收治1例老年肺源性心脏病并发胃肠道穿孔、脓毒症休克患者,术后出现低心排、急性肾功能损伤及体循环淤滞,经相关积极救治后顺利出院,现将本例的临床资料及诊疗体会报道如下。     

Severe sepsis and septic shock in the elderly: An overview

The incidence of severe sepsis and septic shock is increasing in the older population leading to increased admissions to the intensive care units (ICUs). The elderly are predisposed to sepsis due to co-existing co-morbidities, repeated and prolonged hospitalizations, reduced immunity, functional limitations and above all due to the effects of aging itself. A lower threshold and a higher index of suspicion is required to diagnose sepsis in this patient population because the initial clinical picture may be ambiguous, and aging increases the risk of a sudden deterioration in sepsis to severe sepsis and septic shock. Management is largely based on standard international guidelines with a few modifications. Age itself is an independent risk factor for death in patients with severe sepsis, however, many patients respond well to timely and appropriate interventions. The treatment should not be limited or deferred in elderly patients with severe sepsis only on the grounds of physician prejudice, but patient and family preferences should also be taken into account as the outcomes are not dismal. Future investigations in the management of sepsis should not only target good functional recovery but also ensure social independence and quality of life after ICU discharge.     

D-二聚体联合血清白蛋白对急诊科老年脓毒症患者预后的评估

目的 观察老年脓毒症患者D-二聚体(D-dimer)、血清白蛋白(ALB)的变化,评估两者对老年脓毒症患者预后的临床预测价值.方法 采用回顾性研究,收集2019年1月至2020年11月上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院急诊科收治的老年脓毒症(根据脓毒症-3标准定义)患者103例,根据出院时的预后分为存活组(78例)和死...     

Falls in elderly hemodialysis patients

The elderly, (age ≥ 65 years) hemodialysis (HD) patient population is growing rapidly across the world. The risk of accidental falls is very high in this patient population due to multiple factors which include aging, underlying renal disease and adverse events associated with HD treatments. Falls, the most common cause of fatal injury among elderly, not only increase morbidity and mortality, but also increase costs to the health system. Prediction of falls and interventions to prevent or minimize fall risk and associated complications will be a major step in helping these patients as well as decreasing financial and social burdens. Thus, it is vital to learn how to approach this important problem. In this review, we will summarize the epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology and complications of falls in elderly HD patients. We will also focus on available methods to assess and predict the patients at higher risk of falling and will provide recommendations for interventions to reduce the occurrence of falls in this population.     

Proton pump inhibitors versus histamine-2 receptor blockers for stress ulcer prophylaxis in patients with sepsis: a retrospective cohort study

ObjectiveWe aimed to compare the efficacy and risks of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) versus histamine-2 receptor blocker (H2B) use for stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) in critically ill patients with sepsis and risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB).MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we used the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III Clinical Database to identify critically ill adult patients with sepsis who had at least one risk factor for GIB and received either an H2B or PPI for ≥48 hours. Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to balance baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality.ResultsAfter 1:1 PSM, 1056 patients were included in the H2B and PPI groups. The PPI group had higher in-hospital mortality (23.8% vs. 17.5%), GIB (8.9% vs. 1.6%), and pneumonia (49.6% vs. 41.6%) rates than the H2B group. After adjusting for risk factors of GIB and pneumonia, PPI use was associated with a 1.28-times increased risk of in-hospital mortality, 5.89-times increased risk of GIB, and 1.32-times increased risk of pneumonia.ConclusionsAmong critically ill adult patients with sepsis at risk for GIB, SUP with PPIs was associated with higher in-hospital mortality and higher risk of GIB and pneumonia than H2Bs.     

Influence of entry criteria on mortality risk and number of eligible patients in recent studies on severe sepsis

OBJECTIVE: To understand the impact of patient selection criteria used in recent sepsis trials on baseline mortality risk and number of eligible patients. DESIGN: Observational cohort study, with retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. METHODS AND MAIN RESULTS: Using a MEDLINE search, we selected recent randomized controlled trials in patients with severe sepsis and studied the mortality rate in the control groups of these trials. Nine articles fulfilled the search criteria and were used in our analyses. The 28-day mortality rate in the control groups of these trials varied between 28.0% and 89.0%. Differences in this mortality rate might be due to the use of different entry criteria but also to other factors that vary between the trials. To eliminate the influence of these confounding factors when studying the effect of the use of entry criteria on baseline mortality risk and number of eligible patients, we projected the entry criteria of these nine trials on a large independent database of >70,000 Dutch intensive care patients admitted between 1996 and 2003. This yielded nine groups of patients who would have been eligible for the respective trials. The percentage of patients who would have been eligible for these trials varied between 1.5% and 6.0%. Six of these groups had a similar intensive care mortality rate (between 25.0% and 28.9%). The projection of the entry criteria of the three other trials onto the database resulted in groups of patients with considerably higher intensive care mortality. For in-hospital mortality rate in these groups, similar results were found. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the trials we studied used entry criteria that select patients with a similar mortality risk. This suggests that differences in baseline mortality risk reported in recent sepsis trials are to be attributed to other factors that vary between trials rather than to differences in entry criteria. However, entry criteria do have an important influence on the number of eligible patients for sepsis trials without influencing baseline mortality rate.     

Could platelet to leucocytic count ratio (PLR) predict sepsis and clinical outcomes in patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis?

ObjectivesTo study risk factors for sepsis and mortality evaluating the role of platelet to leucocytic count ratio (PLR) as a marker for urosepsis and clinical outcomes in cases of emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN).MaterialsPatients with EPN were retrospectively reviewed. Patients' age, sex, diabetes mellitus (DM), Body Mass Index (BMI), hydronephrosis, types of EPN, air locules volume, serum creatinine, leucocytic count, and platelet count, PLR, albumin, INR and the line of treatment were analyzed as risk factors of sepsis. Correlation between PLR and other variables was done using Pearson correlation coefficient. Univariate and multivariate analyses for sepsis and mortality were performed.ResultsOf fifty four patients, 38 patients had SIRS ≥2 criteria on admission. Twenty patients developed sepsis requiring ICU admission. In univariate analysis, male gender, lower BMI, higher INR, higher WBCs count and lower PLR were associated with sepsis (P = 0.0001, 0.009, 0.04, 0.003 and 0.001, respectively). In multivariate analysis, PLR ≤18.4, male sex and BMI ≤24.2 were independent risk factors. Lower PLR directly correlated with serum albumin (P = 0.01) and inversely correlated with serum creatinine and random blood glucose level and Klebsiella infection (P = 0.001, 0.007 and 0.005, respectively). Also, it was correlated with a higher total score of qSOFA and SOFA (P = 0.02 and 0.04). Lower PLR was independent risk factors for death in EPN patients with (P = 0.003).ConclusionEPN is associated with sepsis development. Lower PLR is an independent simple predictor for sepsis and mortality in patients with EPN.     

Linking Sepsis with chronic arterial hypertension,diabetes mellitus,and socioeconomic factors in the United States: A scoping review

RationaleSepsis is a syndrome of life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host immune response to infection. Social risk factors including location and poverty are associated with sepsis-related disparities. Understanding the social and biological phenotypes linked with the incidence of sepsis is warranted to identify the most at-risk populations. We aim to examine how factors in disadvantage influence health disparities related to sepsis.MethodsA scoping review was performed for English-language articles published in the United States from 1990 to 2022 on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Of the 2064 articles found, 139 met eligibility criteria and were included for review.ResultsThere is consistency across the literature of disproportionately higher rates of sepsis incidence, mortality, readmissions, and associated complications, in neighborhoods with socioeconomic disadvantage and significant poverty. Chronic arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus also occur more frequently in the same geographic distribution as sepsis, suggesting a potential shared pathophysiology.ConclusionsThe distribution of chronic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, social risk factors associated with socioeconomic disadvantage, and sepsis incidence, are clustered in specific geographical areas and linked by endothelial dysfunction. Such population factors can be utilized to create equitable interventions aimed at mitigating sepsis incidence and sepsis-related disparities.     

中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞和血小板比值与老年脓毒症急性肾损伤的临床研究

目的:探讨中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞和血小板比值（neutrophil to lymphocyte and platelet ratio,NLPR）在老年脓毒症患者中对急性肾损伤（acute kidney injury,AKI）诊断和预后的临床价值。方法:回顾性分析武汉大学中南医院重症监护室（intensive care unit,ICU）收治的360例老年脓毒症患者的临床资料,根据KDIGO-AKI标准将患者分为急性肾损伤组（AKI组）和非急性肾损伤组（NAKI组）,通过Logistic回归分析寻找AKI的独立危险因素,并使用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评价NLPR对AKI与临床预后的诊断效能。结果:纳入患者中AKI组195例,NAKI组165例,AKI发病率为54.2%,AKI组NLPR显著高于NAKI组,差异有统计学意义（ Z=8.640, P<0.001）。与NAKI组相比,AKI组院内病死率及ICU的住院时间均增加（均 P<0.05）,合并AKI的患者院内需要更多的机械通气、血管活性药物和肾脏替代治疗维持（均 P<0.05）。在校正了人口统计学和临床变量等指标后,多因素Logistic回归分析显示：NLPR（ OR=1.016,95% CI 1.002~1.030, P=0.027）是老年脓毒症AKI的独立危险因素。ROC曲线显示了NLPR对AKI诊断和预后具有较好的临床价值,且优于中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR）和传统血清肌酐指标。此外,相关性分析发现NLPR与AKI分期也具有较好的相关性（ r=0.525, P<0.001）。 结论:NLPR作为一种新型炎症指标,来源于全血细胞计数,检测简便易于获得,是老年脓毒症AKI的独立危险因素,可在临床实践中给予关注。     

Effect of low high-density lipoprotein levels on mortality of septic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

BACKGROUND:An increase in high-density lipoprotein(HDL)is well associated with a decreased cardiovascular risk,especially atherosclerosis.Recent studies suggest that lower levels of HDL may also be associated with an increased risk of sepsis and an increased rate of mortality in septic patients.However,this conclusion remains controversial.METHODS:MEDLINE,EMBASE,and CENTRAL databases were searched from inception to September 30,2019.All studies were conducted to evaluate the correlation of lipoprotein levels and the risk and outcomes of sepsis in adult patients.The primary outcomes were the risk and mortality of sepsis.RESULTS:Seven studies comprising 791 patients were included.Lower levels of HDL had no marked relevance with the risk of sepsis(odds radio[OR]for each 1 mg/dL increase,0.94;95%CI 0.86–1.02;P=0.078),whereas lower HDL levels were related to an increased mortality rate in septic patients(OR for below about median HDL levels,2.00;95%CI 1.23–3.24;P=0.005).CONCLUSION:This meta-analysis did not reveal a signifi cant association between lower HDL levels and an increase in the risk of sepsis,whereas it showed that lower HDL levels are associated with a higher mortality rate in septic adult patients.These findings suggest that HDL may be considered as a promising factor for the prevention and treatment of sepsis in the future.