后腹腔镜根治性肾切除术治疗局限性肾癌42例

目的探讨后腹腔镜根治性肾切除术治疗局限性肾癌的疗效。方法 2009年8月~2012年7月,对42例局限性肾癌行后腹腔镜根治性肾切除术,回顾分析其临床资料。术前临床分期:T1N0M0 24例,T2N0M0 18例。肾动静脉均用Hem-o-lok夹闭后切断。结果 42例手术均获成功,无中转开放手术,无严重并发症发生,均未输血。镜下操作时间65~130 min,平均85 min;术中出血量20~160 mL,平均75 mL;术后住院时间4~7 d,平均5 d。术后病理显示透明细胞癌38例,乳头状腺癌2例,集合管癌1例,嗜酸性细胞瘤1例。术后1例因合并直肠癌失访,余41例随访2~36个月,均无瘤生存,未发现肾窝及切口转移,未发现远处转移。结论后腹腔镜根治性肾切除术治疗局限性肾癌安全有效,患者具有创伤小、恢复快的优点,可作为局限性肾癌的首选治疗方案。     

无TriPort的单孔后腹腔镜根治性肾切除

目的 探讨使用常规腹腔镜器械行经后腹膜腔无TriPort的单孔根治性肾切除术的临床应用及疗效.方法 回顾分析北京友谊医院2011年12月至2012年9月收治的10例肾细胞癌患者,10例患者中男6例,女4例.年龄32 ～ 68岁,平均47.5岁.癌肿最大径3.5 ～6.4 cm,平均5.2 cm.癌肿位于肾上极2例,中极5例,下极3例.在腋中线髂嵴上3 ～4 cm做直径长约3 cm的半圆形切口,应用常规腹腔镜器械行无TriPort的单孔后腹腔镜根治性肾切除术.结果 10例患者均成功手术,无1例中转开放手术.手术时间120～180 min,平均146 min.出血量约100 ～200 ml,平均150 ml.术后引流管留置时间1～4d,平均住院时间7～9d,所有患者术后未使用镇痛药物.术后随访3～ 12个月,未见肿瘤复发.结论 应用常规腹腔镜器械行经后腹膜腔无TriPort的单孔腹腔镜根治性肾切除术安全有效,不仅具有传统腹腔镜手术的优点,还可以减少手术费用及手术创伤,并具有一定美容效果.     

后腹腔镜根治性肾切除术与开放手术治疗局限性肾癌的疗效比较

目的比较后腹腔镜根治性肾切除术与开放手术治疗局限性肾癌的临床效果。方法回顾性分析我院2006年1月～2009年1月行后腹腔镜根治性。肾切除术（后腹腔镜组）42例与开放根治性肾切除术（开放手术组）45例的临床资料,比较两种手术方法在手术时间、术中出血量、术后肠道恢复时间、术后住院时间、并发症等方面的差异。结果两组手术均获成功。后腹腔镜组的术中出血量、术后肠道恢复时间、术后住院时间等均明显少于开放手术组（P〈0．05）,而手术时间两组差异无统计学意义。两组均无严重并发症发生,开放手术组2例输血。术后随访3～26个月,平均9个月,后腹腔镜组1例发生肝转移死亡,开放手术组2例出现远处转移而死亡。结论与开放手术相比,后腹腔镜根治性肾切除术具有创伤小、术后恢复快、并发症少等优点,是治疗T1～2 N0M0局限性肾癌患者的一种安全、有效的方法。     

后腹腔镜和开放肾部分切除术的临床效果比较

目的 比较后腹腔镜和开放肾部分切除术的临床效果.方法 回顾分析2003年1月～2007年6月该院后腹腔镜肾部分切除术15例.开放肾部分切除术28例,比较两种手术方法的手术时间、出血量、住院时间、术前和术后肌酐水平、并发症、手术效果的差别.结果 后腹腔镜和开放手术组平均手术时间分别为(118.7±27.9)min和(199.0±41.9)min(P<0.01),平均出血量分别为(112.4±42.4)mL和(269.6±151.5)mL(P<0.01),术后拔除肾周引流管平均时间分别为(7.0±1.4)d和(7.8±2.3)d(P>0.05),平均住院时间分别为(13.2±3.0)d和(17.7±4.0)d(P<0.01),肿块平均直径分别为(2.02±0.4)cm和(3.49±0.8)锄(P<0.01).开放手术组有2例患者为孤立肾而行保留肾单位手术,后腹腔镜组没有孤立肾患者.术前和术后平均血清肌酐水平后腹腔镜组为88.8 μmol/L和97.0 μmol/L,开放手术组为97.1μmol/L和106.0 μmol/L.两组并发症的发生没有差别.随访3～20个月,开放手术组出现局部复发1例.结论 后腹腔镜肾部分切除术较同期开放肾部分切除术手术时间短,解剖清晰,出血少,住院时间短,拔除引流管时间和手术效果相当.     

手助腹腔镜肾癌根治性切除术与开放手术的比较

目的 比较手助腹腔镜肾癌根治性切除术与开放手术的适应证与临床效果.方法 回顾分析2005年1月～2006年12月79例肾癌行根治性肾切除术的治疗效果,其中手助腹腔镜肾癌根治性肾切除术43例.开放性肾癌根治性切除术36例.比较两种手术方法 的适应证、手术时间、出血量、引流量、住院时间、并发症及短期随访结果 .结果 手助腹腔镜肾癌根治性切除术与开放手术相比,肿瘤的大小以及平均手术时间没有明显差异.但术中平均失血量(85 mL vs 135 mL),术后3 d每日平均引流量(60 mL vs 88 mL)以及术后平均住院时间(6.5 d vs 9.4 d)在手助腹腔镜肾癌根治性切除术组明显减少,与开放手术组相比有明显差异(P<0.01).对所有病例进行了12到36个月的随访,发现两组患者均未发现复发或远处转移.结论 手助腹腔镜肾癌根治性切除术具有创伤小、出血少、手术时间短、术后恢复快等优点,是肾细胞癌患者首选的微创治疗方法 .     

后腹腔镜下腔内结扎联合可吸收夹处理肾蒂行肾切除术

目的 探讨后腹腔镜肾切除术中腔内结扎联合可吸收夹处理肾蒂血管的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析行后腹腔镜肾切除术7例,包括单纯性肾切除4例,根治性肾切除1例,肾输尿管全切除2例,术中用腔内结扎联合可吸收夹处理肾蒂血管.结果 手术均获得成功,均未中转开放手术.术中处理肾蒂血管均顺利,术中、术后均未出现血管并发症.手术时间130～210min,平均150min;术中估计出血量20～60mL,平均35mL;腹膜后引流管于术后2～3d拔除,术后住院时间5～9 d.结论 后腹腔镜肾切除术中用腔内结扎联合可吸收夹处理肾蒂血管确实可靠,费用经济、术后无金属异物残留,有较好的临床应用价值,特别适用于肾蒂较短的患者及全国大多数基层医院.     

腹腔镜联合腹部小切口根治性肾输尿管切除术(附17例报告)

目的探讨腹腔镜联合腹部小切口根治性肾输尿管切除术治疗肾盂输尿管癌的临床应用价值。方法施行17例腹腔镜联合腹部小切口根治性肾输尿管切除术,其中肾盂癌13例、输尿管癌4例;病灶位于左侧10例、右侧7例。结果 17例全部成功,无中转开放手术的患者。手术时间85～160 min,平均(110.26±20.35)min。术中出血量约50～220 mL,平均(142.32±70.26)mL。术中及术后无严重并发症。术后随访11～38个月,未见肿瘤种植转移及膀胱肿瘤发生。结论腹腔镜联合腹部小切口根治性肾输尿管切除术,具有微创、术后恢复快等优势,将成为治疗上尿路移行细胞癌较理想的手术方法。     

手助腹腔镜根治性肾肿瘤切除术(附36例报告)

目的 探讨手助腹腔镜根治性肾肿瘤切除术的临床应用价值。方法 采用手助腹腔镜行根治性肾肿瘤切除术36例。结果 36例手助腹腔镜手术全部成功，手术时间65～220min，平均105min；术中出血20～200mL，平均85mL；术后住院5～11d。结论 手助腹腔镜根治性肾肿瘤切除术不仅具有常规腹腔镜创伤小、失血少、恢复快的优点，更具有传统开放手术安全、彻底、手术时间短的优点，是根治性肾肿瘤切除术可选择的新的手术方式。     

腹腔镜根治性肾切除术

目的探讨腹腔镜下根治性肾切除的手术方法和临床应用价值。方法分析总结50例腹腔镜根治性肾切除术治疗肾癌的临床资料。18例采用了经腹腔途径,32例采用了经腹膜后途径。腹腔镜下切断肾动静脉,在髂血管分叉处切断输尿管,沿肾周筋膜外游离切除整个肾脏,扩大切口后取出标本。结果经腹腔途径手术1例因肾静脉撕裂中转为开放手术,余49例手术获得成功。手术80￣150min,平均103.6min,术中出血50￣300mL,平均155.6mL,术后住院4￣7d,平均5.4d。46例患者术后随访2￣32个月,1例术后5个月发现肺转移,局部无复发,余患者均无瘤生存。结论腹腔镜根治性肾切除术是一种安全、有效的手术方法,具有创伤小、术后恢复快、并发症少等优点。此术式是治疗T1-T2N0M0期肾癌患者的较好方法。     

手助腹腔镜根治性肾切除术21例报告

目的探讨手助腹腔镜根治性肾切除术的临床应用价值。方法采用手助腹腔镜根治性肾切除治疗肾肿瘤21例。结果21例手助腹腔镜手术均成功。手术时间80～150min，平均110min；术中出血20-300mL。平均85mL；病理报告均为肾细胞癌（透明细胞癌20例，乳头状细胞癌1例）；术后住院时间5-14d,平均8d。结论采用手助腹腔镜根治性肾切除治疗肾肿瘤是安全有效的，与开放手术相比，具有损伤小、痛苦少、出血少、术后恢复快等优点。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.