住院患者低血糖症的病因分析及鉴别方法初探

目的分析住院低血糖患者的病因及其构成情况,探究鉴别真性和假性低血糖的方法,建立低血糖结果的分析流程。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年8月四川大学华西医院1413例低血糖住院患者的临床资料及实验室数据,按真性和假性低血糖、器质性和非器质性低血糖分类分析,并进一步将器质性和非器质性低血糖按病因分类分析。结果1413例低血糖患者中,病因明确的低血糖1147例(81.17%),病因不明的266例(18.83%)。1147例病因明确的低血糖患者中真性低血糖709例(61.81%),假性低血糖438例(38.19%)。病因明确的低血糖按具体病因分为器质性低血糖(n=149,12.99%)和非器质性低血糖(n=998,87.01%)2大类。149例器质性低血糖包括肝源性低血糖77例(51.68%),胰腺肿瘤性低血糖43例(28.86%),内分泌性低血糖18例(12.08%),反应性低血糖6例(4.03%),胰外肿瘤性低血糖3例(2.01%),胰岛素自身免疫综合征性低血糖2例(1.34%)。998例非器质性低血糖包括进食不足508例(50.90%),标本放置过久408例(40.88%),降糖药物使用不当52例(5.21%),红/白细胞增多30例(3.01%)。结论住院患者发生低血糖有真性和假性低血糖之分,同时,真性低血糖的病因复杂多样,临床工作中要准确诊断和鉴别诊断并采取正确的措施。     

小剂量胰岛素治疗糖尿病酮症酸中毒中的低血糖及其反应症状

目的　避免小剂量胰岛素治疗糖尿病酮症酸中毒中出现低血糖及其反应症状。方法　回顾性分析 31例使用小剂量胰岛素治疗糖尿病酮症酸中毒过程中出现低血糖及其反应症状患者的临床资料。结果　 31例患者 (占同期治疗DKA的 7.8% )入院时血糖无差异。急性低血糖反应组 9例比慢性低血糖反应组 17例的胰岛素应用速度、血糖下降速度快。 5例未发现低血糖。出现低血糖后 ,有 5例再次出现尿酮体阳性 ,其中 1例出现低血糖昏迷 ,1例出现脑水肿昏迷。结论　应用小剂量胰岛素治疗糖尿病酮症酸中毒过程中仍可发生低血糖或低血糖反应症状 ,加强血糖监测可及时发现低血糖 ,及时处理可减少低血糖的危害。     

同质化管理对非内分泌科护士处理低血糖能力的影响

目的探讨同质化管理对非内分泌科护士处理低血糖能力的影响。方法对非内分泌科护士处理低血糖能力进行同质化管理,比较实施前后护士低血糖管理知识、处理糖尿病低血糖能力、患者对护士服务态度及健康教育满意度。结果非内分泌科护士接受同质化管理后,低血糖管理知识合格率、低血糖识别率、复测血糖达标率、低血糖处理正确率、患者满意度等均提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论同质化管理可提升非内分泌科护士的低血糖处理能力,降低低血糖发生率。     

Increased mortality of patients with diabetes reporting severe hypoglycemia

OBJECTIVE Hypoglycemia is a cause of significant morbidity among patients with diabetes and may be associated with greater risk of death. We conducted a retrospective study to determine whether patient self-report of severe hypoglycemia is associated with increased mortality. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Adult patients (N = 1,020) seen in a specialty diabetes clinic between August 2005 and July 2006 were questioned about frequency of hypoglycemia during a preencounter interview; 7 were lost to follow-up and excluded from analysis. Mild hypoglycemia was defined as symptoms managed without assistance, and severe hypoglycemia was defined as symptoms requiring external assistance. Mortality data, demographics, clinical characteristics, and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) were obtained from the electronic medical record after 5 years. Patients were stratified by self-report of hypoglycemia at baseline, demographics were compared using the two-sample t test, and risk of death was expressed as odds ratio (95% CI). Associations were controlled for age, sex, diabetes type and duration, CCI, HbA(1c), and report of severe hypoglycemia. RESULTS In total, 1,013 patients with type 1 (21.3%) and type 2 (78.7%) diabetes were questioned about hypoglycemia. Among these, 625 (61.7%) reported any hypoglycemia, and 76 (7.5%) reported severe hypoglycemia. After 5 years, patients who reported severe hypoglycemia had 3.4-fold higher mortality (95% CI 1.5-7.4; P = 0.005) compared with those who reported mild/no hypoglycemia. CONCLUSIONS Self-report of severe hypoglycemia is associated with 3.4-fold increased risk of death. Patient-reported outcomes, including patient-reported hypoglycemia, may therefore augment risk stratification and disease management of patients with diabetes.     

2型糖尿病患者低血糖感知受损现况及影响因素分析

目的：了解2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者低血糖感知受损现状及其与低血糖发生风险的关系。方法：采用便利抽样的方法,用一般资料调查表、低血糖感知受损评估表（Gold’s）、中文版低血糖恐惧调查表—忧虑量表对650例2型糖尿病患者进行调查,并应用SPSS 21.0统计软件对数据进行统计学分析。结果：T2DM患者中低血糖感知受损（IAH）患病率为13.7%,且与HbA1c（<7%）、低血糖恐惧（20分）、近一年低血糖频次（≥ 5次）、无症状低血糖史及严重低血糖史独立相关（P值均＜0.05）。结论：T2DM患者低血糖感知受损与低血糖频次和严重低血糖风险增加有关,临床实践中有必要对患者进行低血糖感知受损评估,及时发现低血糖高危人群,从而有针对性的加强管理以减少严重低血糖的发生。     

Evidence-Informed Clinical Practice Recommendations for Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Complicated by Problematic Hypoglycemia

Problematic hypoglycemia, defined as two or more episodes per year of severe hypoglycemia or as one episode associated with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia, extreme glycemic lability, or major fear and maladaptive behavior, is a challenge, especially for patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes. Individualized therapy for such patients should include a composite target: optimal glucose control without problematic hypoglycemia. Therefore, we propose a tiered, four-stage algorithm based on evidence of efficacy given the limitations of educational, technological, and transplant interventions. All patients with problematic hypoglycemia should undergo structured or hypoglycemia-specific education programs (stage 1). Glycemic and hypoglycemia treatment targets should be individualized and reassessed every 3–6 months. If targets are not met, one diabetes technology—continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or continuous glucose monitoring—should be added (stage 2). For patients with continued problematic hypoglycemia despite education (stage 1) and one diabetes technology (stage 2), sensor-augmented insulin pumps preferably with an automated low-glucose suspend feature and/or very frequent contact with a specialized hypoglycemia service can reduce hypoglycemia (stage 3). For patients whose problematic hypoglycemia persists, islet or pancreas transplant should be considered (stage 4). This algorithm provides an evidence-informed approach to resolving problematic hypoglycemia; it should be used as a guide, with individual patient circumstances directing suitability and acceptability to ensure the prudent use of technology and scarce transplant resources. Standardized reporting of hypoglycemia outcomes and inclusion of patients with problematic hypoglycemia in studies of new interventions may help to guide future therapeutic strategies.     

肝细胞癌患者低血糖发生率和影响因素研究

目的 探讨原发性肝细胞癌患者的低血糖发生情况及相关风险因素。方法 收集2020年4月—2021年6月于我院肿瘤介入病区诊断为原发性肝细胞癌的232例住院患者（伴或不伴糖尿病）的临床诊疗及检验资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析进行筛选和确定与低血糖的发生具有显著相关性的影响因素。结果 肝细胞癌患者低血糖发生率为28.9%（67/232）;Child-Pugh分级C级、甲胎蛋白值是肝细胞癌患者发生低血糖的影响因素,糖化血红蛋白值是保护因素。与Child-Pugh分级为A级的患者相比,C级患者发生低血糖的OR增加8.050倍;肝细胞癌患者糖化血红蛋白每增加1%,低血糖发生风险减少0.496倍。结论 肝细胞癌伴低血糖症的发生与Child-Pugh分级、糖化血红蛋白因素有关,本研究结果提示在对此类患者进行低血糖发生风险预估时应综合考虑此2种因素,适时对诊疗方案和护理计划进行调整,以减少低血糖事件的发生。     

Biopsychobehavioral model of severe hypoglycemia. II. Understanding the risk of severe hypoglycemia

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical/research utility of the biopsycho-behavioral model of severe hypoglycemia in differentiating patients with and without a history of severe hypoglycemia and in predicting occurrence of future severe hypoglycemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 93 adults with type 1 diabetes (mean age 35.8 years, duration of diabetes 16 +/- 10 years, HbA1 8.6 +/- 1.8%), 42 of whom had a recent history of recurrent severe hypoglycemia (SH) and 51 who did not (NoSH), used a handheld computer for 70 trials during 1 month recording cognitive-motor functioning, symptoms, blood glucose (BG) estimates, judgments concerning self-treatment of BG, actual BG readings, and actual treatment of low BG. For the next 6 months, patients recorded occurrence of severe hypoglycemia. RESULTS: SH patients demonstrated significantly more frequent and extreme low BG readings (low BG index), greater cognitive-motor impairments during hypoglycemia, fewer perceived symptoms of hypoglycemia, and poorer detection of hypoglycemia. SH patients were also less likely to treat their hypoglycemia with glucose and more likely to treat with general foods. Low BG index, magnitude of hypoglycemia-impaired ability to do mental subtraction, and awareness of neuroglycopenia, neurogenic symptoms, and hypoglycemia correlated separately with number of SH episodes in the subsequent 6 months. However, only low BG index, hypoglycemia-impaired ability to do mental subtraction, and awareness of hypoglycemia entered into a regression model predicting future severe hypoglycemia (R2 = 0.25, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with a history of severe hypoglycemia differed on five of the seven steps of the biopsychobehavioral model of severe hypoglycemia. Helping patients with a recent history of severe hypoglycemia to reduce the frequency of their low-BG events, become more sensitive to early signs of neuroglycopenia and neurogenic symptoms, better recognize occurrence of low BG, and use fast-acting glucose more frequently in the treatment of low BG, may reduce occurrence of future severe hypoglycemia.     

强化教育对糖尿病病人低血糖防治知识水平的影响

[目的]了解糖尿病病人对低血糖防治知识的状况及其教育的效果。[方法]采用问卷调查法对60例住院糖尿病病人实施强化低血糖防治知识教育前后进行调查、评价。[结果]60例病人中,60.0%的病人曾发生过低血糖,5.0%的病人发生过严重低血糖,70.0%的病人对低血糖的危害了解甚少,45.0%以上的病人对低血糖的原因、临床症状、防治知识了解不足,强化低血糖防治知识教育后知识水平明显提高,且教育后半年内再发低血糖的病例数明显减少。[结论]加强对糖尿病病人低血糖防治知识的教育力度,可以降低其发生率,提高救治水平。     

Evaluation of short-term consequences of hypoglycemia in an intensive care unit

BACKGROUND: Introduction of strict glycemic control has increased the risk for hypoglycemia in the intensive care unit. Little is known about the consequences of hypoglycemia in this setting. We examined short-term consequences (seizures, coma, and death) of hypoglycemia in the intensive care unit. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All occurrences of hypoglycemia (glucose of <45 mg/dL) in our intensive care unit between September 1, 2002, and September 1, 2004, were identified. Patients with hypoglycemia (n = 156) were matched for time to hypoglycemia with control patients drawn from the at-risk population (nested case control method). Seizures observed within 8 hrs after hypoglycemia were scored. Discharge summaries for cases and controls were reviewed for occurrence of possible hypoglycemia-associated coma and death. A hazard ratio for in-hospital death was calculated with Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: The hazard ratio for in-hospital death was 1.03 (95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.56; p = .88) in patients with a first occurrence of hypoglycemia relative to the controls without hypoglycemia, corrected for duration of intensive care unit admittance before hypoglycemia, age, sex, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score at admission. No cases of hypoglycemia-associated death were reported. Hypoglycemic coma was reported in two patients. Seizures after hypoglycemia were observed in one patient. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, no association between incidental hypoglycemia and mortality was found. However, this data set is too small to definitely exclude the possibility that hypoglycemia is associated with intensive care unit mortality. In three patients with possible hypoglycemia-associated coma or seizures, a causal role for hypoglycemia seemed likely but could not fully be established.     

Individual and societal consequences of hypoglycemia: A cross-sectional survey

Background. Hypoglycemia and fear of hypoglycemia threaten individuals’ ability to work and drive. We studied the effect of hypoglycemia on the individual and society, with a focus on possible implications of new European union legislation on patients’ continued ability to drive. Methods. A cross-sectional survey of Danish Diabetes Association members was conducted to investigate individual and societal consequences of hypoglycemia. Results. A total of 3117/9951 individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) (32.2%) or type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (67.8%) completed the survey. The calculated incidence rates of self-reported severe and mild hypoglycemia were 2.9, 0.6 and 0.1 events per patient year (ppy) in patients with T1DM, insulin using T2DM and non-insulin using T2DM, respectively; and incidence rates of self-reported mild hypoglycemia were 99.0, 23.2 and 10.9 events ppy, respectively. Self-care strategies to avoid hypoglycemia include maintaining higher blood glucose levels (45.7%) and reducing physical activity (15.7%). Few people take sick leave as a result of hypoglycemia, but prolonged mental recovery ≥4 h following an episode of mild or severe hypoglycemia was reported by 8.7 and 31.0%, respectively. 26.5% of patients holding a valid driving license reported having ever had at least one episode of severe hypoglycemia. Patients considering underreporting of hypoglycemia to maintain their driving license were more likely to have experienced severe hypoglycemia (odds ratio [OR]: 3.03; 95% CI: 2.42–3.79; p < 0.0001). Conclusion. A high proportion of insulin-treated patients experience hypoglycemia resulting in fear of hypoglycemia and changes in self-care behavior that may compromise glycemic control. Many patients with a history of severe hypoglycemia consider underreporting hypoglycemic events through concern over retaining their driving license.     

100例糖尿病患者低血糖的发生状况及其防治知识水平

目的通过对糖尿病患者低血糖防治知识的调查,了解患者低血糖的发生状况及其对防治知识的掌握程度。方法采用问卷调查法对100例住院糖尿病患者低血糖的发生状况及其防治知识进行调查。结果62%的糖尿病患者曾发生过低血糖,发生严重低血糖的患者达8%。文化程度较低、未发生过低血糖、初发的糖尿病患者对低血糖防治知识明显缺乏;11%反复多次发生低血糖的糖尿病患者,对低血糖的危害了解甚少;近半数糖尿病患者发生低血糖的原因是由于降糖药物使用不当;63%的糖尿病患者发生低血糖时不监测并观察血糖的变化;85%的糖尿病患者不知道外出时要随身携带食物和急救卡片,以便及时救治低血糖。结论糖尿病患者低血糖的发病率高,患者的低血糖防治知识明显缺乏,需要强化低血糖防治知识的教育,以降低其发病率。     

低血糖对肌肉损伤影响的实验研究

目的;研究胰岛素剂量和低血糖持续时间对血清酶活性影响,确定低血糖损伤的脏器。方法：根据胰岛素剂量和低血糖持续时间的不同,将30只家兔分为5组：A2组,胰岛素2U／kg低血糖持续30min;A10组,胰岛素10U/kg低血糖持续30min;B2组,胰岛素2U／kg低血糖持续60min;B10组：胰岛素10U/kg低血糖持续60min;C对照组：胰岛素10U/kg加50％葡萄糖注射不诱发低血糖。胰岛素注射前后对血清酶的活性及肌酸激酶（CK）同功酶的分布进行观察。结果：所有低血糖组其血清CK的活性较对照组明显增高,且在A10和B10组CK活性的升高持续24h,而血清ALT、AST、LDH的升高仅见于B10组。此外,主要存在于心肌和骨骼肌中的CK－Band4在B10组可见显著升高。结论：低血糖所致血清酶活性及CK－Band4的升高是由于肌肉损伤的结果而非肝脏的损伤,低血糖持续的时间和胰岛素剂量可以影响脏器损伤的程度。     

Hypoglycemia in diabetes

Iatrogenic hypoglycemia causes recurrent morbidity in most people with type 1 diabetes and many with type 2 diabetes, and it is sometimes fatal. The barrier of hypoglycemia generally precludes maintenance of euglycemia over a lifetime of diabetes and thus precludes full realization of euglycemia's long-term benefits. While the clinical presentation is often characteristic, particularly for the experienced individual with diabetes, the neurogenic and neuroglycopenic symptoms of hypoglycemia are nonspecific and relatively insensitive; therefore, many episodes are not recognized. Hypoglycemia can result from exogenous or endogenous insulin excess alone. However, iatrogenic hypoglycemia is typically the result of the interplay of absolute or relative insulin excess and compromised glucose counterregulation in type 1 and advanced type 2 diabetes. Decrements in insulin, increments in glucagon, and, absent the latter, increments in epinephrine stand high in the hierarchy of redundant glucose counterregulatory factors that normally prevent or rapidly correct hypoglycemia. In insulin-deficient diabetes (exogenous) insulin levels do not decrease as glucose levels fall, and the combination of deficient glucagon and epinephrine responses causes defective glucose counterregulation. Reduced sympathoadrenal responses cause hypoglycemia unawareness. The concept of hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in diabetes posits that recent antecedent hypoglycemia causes both defective glucose counterregulation and hypoglycemia unawareness. By shifting glycemic thresholds for the sympathoadrenal (including epinephrine) and the resulting neurogenic responses to lower plasma glucose concentrations, antecedent hypoglycemia leads to a vicious cycle of recurrent hypoglycemia and further impairment of glucose counterregulation. Thus, short-term avoidance of hypoglycemia reverses hypoglycemia unawareness in most affected patients. The clinical approach to minimizing hypoglycemia while improving glycemic control includes 1) addressing the issue, 2) applying the principles of aggressive glycemic therapy, including flexible and individualized drug regimens, and 3) considering the risk factors for iatrogenic hypoglycemia. The latter include factors that result in absolute or relative insulin excess: drug dose, timing, and type; patterns of food ingestion and exercise; interactions with alcohol and other drugs; and altered sensitivity to or clearance of insulin. They also include factors that are clinical surrogates of compromised glucose counterregulation: endogenous insulin deficiency; history of severe hypoglycemia, hypoglycemia unawareness, or both; and aggressive glycemic therapy per se, as evidenced by lower HbA(1c) levels, lower glycemic goals, or both. In a patient with hypoglycemia unawareness (which implies recurrent hypoglycemia) a 2- to 3-week period of scrupulous avoidance of hypoglycemia is advisable. Pending the prevention and cure of diabetes or the development of methods that provide glucose-regulated insulin replacement or secretion, we need to learn to replace insulin in a much more physiological fashion, to prevent, correct, or compensate for compromised glucose counterregulation, or both if we are to achieve near-euglycemia safely in most people with diabetes.     

老年糖尿病肾病患者血液透析治疗中低血糖的观察和护理

目的探讨老年终末期糖尿病肾病（DN）患者在维持性血液透析治疗中低血糖的观察和护理干预要点。方法对15例老年DN患者血液透析中进行血糖监测,观察病情变化,及时发现低血糖反应并列症处理。结果本组15例老年DN患者,910例次血液透析中发生低血糖反应14例次（1．54％）,其中1例发生低血糖浅昏迷,均得到及时处理。结论老年糖尿病肾病患者透析过程中易出现低血糖,注重患者饮食和降糖药物合理应用,严密监测血糖及透析过程中密切观察病情,及时处理,可减少透析中低血糖发生。     

Impaired hormonal responses to hypoglycemia in spontaneously diabetic and recurrently hypoglycemic rats. Reversibility and stimulus specificity of the deficits.

To evaluate the roles of iatrogenic hypoglycemia and diabetes per se in the pathogenesis of defective hormonal counterregulation against hypoglycemia in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), nondiabetic, and spontaneously diabetic BB/Wor rats were studied using a euglycemic/hypoglycemic clamp. In nondiabetic rats, recurrent (4 wk) insulin-induced hypoglycemia (mean daily glucose, MDG, 59 mg/dl) dramatically reduced glucagon and epinephrine responses by 84 and 94%, respectively, to a standardized glucose fall from 110 to 50 mg/dl. These deficits persisted for > 4 d after restoring normoglycemia, and were specific for hypoglycemia, with normal glucagon and epinephrine responses to arginine and hypovolemia, respectively. After 4 wk of normoglycemia, hormonal counterregulation increased, with the epinephrine, but not the glucagon response reaching control values. In diabetic BB rats (MDG 245 mg/dl with intermittent hypoglycemia), glucagon and epinephrine counterregulation were reduced by 86 and 90%, respectively. Chronic iatrogenic hypoglycemia (MDG 52 mg/dl) further suppressed counterregulation. Prospective elimination of hypoglycemia (MDG 432 mg/dl) improved, but did not normalize hormonal counterregulation. In diabetic rats, the glucagon defect appeared to be specific for hypoglycemia, whereas deficient epinephrine secretion also occurred during hypovolemia. We concluded that both recurrent hypoglycemia and the diabetic state independently lead to defective hormonal counterregulation. These data suggest that in IDDM iatrogenic hypoglycemia magnifies preexisting counterregulatory defects, thereby increasing the risk of severe hypoglycemia.     

Recognizing and minimizing hypoglycemia: The need for individualized care

Hypoglycemia is a condition known to disrupt many everyday activities and is associated with increased risks of hospitalization, falls, motor vehicle accidents and mortality. Many patients with diabetes have an increased risk of hypoglycemia due to interventions targeting glycemic control. In these patients, hypoglycemia and fear of hypoglycemia may further reduce adherence to glucose-lowering regimens, contributing to the further aggravation of diabetes-related complications. Avoiding hypoglycemia should be one of the principal goals of any treatment strategies employing agents that can induce hypoglycemia in order to prevent the occurrence of associated symptoms and consequences. The education of patients and their families is an important feature of individualized management strategies in order to prevent, mitigate and treat hypoglycemic episodes. Patients with diabetes need to be made aware of how to recognize the signs of hypoglycemia and of the simple, highly effective steps that they can take to self-manage hypoglycemic episodes. Clinicians should be familiar with the risk factors for hypoglycemia, especially the profiles of the different classes of glucose-lowering medications such as the sulfonylureas and insulin. This article aims to review the risk factors for hypoglycemia and its implications for patients and healthcare systems, and provide practical advice for minimizing the risk of hypoglycemia and its consequences.     

糖尿病患者动态血糖监测低血糖及危险因素评估

目的探讨糖尿病患者实施动态血糖监测低血糖的意义,同时评估发生低血糖的危险因素。方法选择1型糖尿病或胰岛功能较差的2型糖尿病患者41例。采用动态血糖监测系统连续72h血糖监测,同期每天测毛细血管血糖,采集患者的身高、体重、血压、糖尿病病程、HbA1c等资料。分析低血糖发生次数及持续时间,总结低血糖发生特点及与患者临床特征的相关性。结果 41例糖尿病患者中,72h内指测毛细血管血糖发现低血糖患者13例(17例次),动态血糖监测发现低血糖29例(43例次),其中无症状低血糖22例(占75.9%)、有症状低血糖7例(占24.1%)。低血糖好发于后半夜,危险因素包括性别、年龄、时段、HbA1c和指测最低血糖值。当HbA1c/(指测最低血糖值·BMI)≥0.04时,78%患者动态血糖监测可见低血糖反应;当该指数0.04时,未见低血糖患者。结论对于胰岛功能较差的糖尿病患者,常规每天6次指测毛细血管血糖易漏诊后半夜低血糖的发现。HbA1c/(指测最低血糖值·BMI)可作为低血糖的预测指数,该指数≥0.04提示低血糖风险较高,宜行动态血糖监测。     

糖尿病患者并发低血糖情况分析

目的 探讨糖尿病患者低血糖发生情况,时间分布,低血糖表现等。方法 对2016年11月至2017年01月我院内分泌科收治的340名糖尿病患者中发生低血糖患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 340例糖尿病患者中有164人发生过低血糖。无症状低血糖占到58.36%,低血糖高发时间段分别是空腹（26.27%）、午餐前（32.76%）、睡前（10.58%）。结论 在糖尿病治疗中低血糖已成为常见急性并发症之一,而低血糖不仅影响患者的生活水平还威胁着患者生命健康,所以预防及处理好低血糖已然成为糖尿病患者所必须掌握的健康知识。     

实时动态血糖监测系统在胰岛素泵强化治疗初发肥胖2型糖尿病患者低血糖规律中的应用

目的探讨实时动态血糖监测系统在胰岛素泵强化治疗初发肥胖2型糖尿病患者低血糖规律中的应用,以指导临床治疗和护理。方法573例住院初发肥胖2型糖尿病患者胰岛素泵强化治疗1周血糖稳定后,佩戴实时动态血糖监测系统72h,收集数据,进行分析,探讨胰岛素泵强化治疗初发肥胖2型糖尿病患者的低血糖规律。结果平均血糖与无症状低血糖、夜间低血糖发生率均呈双曲线负相关,餐后4h血糖与平均血糖呈直线正相关,晚餐后4h血糖值与夜间低血糖发生率呈指数曲线负相关。晚餐后4h血糖值4．5mmol／L时夜间低血糖发生率达50％以上。结论胰岛素泵强化治疗初发肥胖2型糖尿病患者的低血糖规律,可为胰岛素泵强化治疗而未佩戴实时动态血糖监测系统的初发肥胖2型糖尿病患者提供低血糖常见时段的参考,指导临床治疗和护理,具有重要的临床意义和社会经济效益。