居家老年患者家庭弹性的研究进展

全球及我国老龄化进程不断加快,由于衰老和疾病,老年人往往需要家庭长期照护,给家庭和社会带来较重的照护负担,因此帮助老年患者家庭积极适应日趋迫切。家庭弹性是指家庭面对逆境、压力时适应过程,本文对家庭弹性的概念起源及发展、理论框架及应用、适宜测评工具、相关影响因素以及干预进展等方面进行了综述,发现今后研究需在居家老年患者领域进一步拓展本土化概念、开发针对性测量工具、深入分析影响因素间的相互作用和动态变化、综合考虑个体、家庭、社区、社会等影响因素,开发与情景密切结合的家庭干预方案,以提高患者、照顾者和整个家庭的良好适应。     

恶性肿瘤患儿家庭抗逆力的研究进展

恶性肿瘤不仅给患儿带来生理和心理的痛苦,而且使家庭处于逆境和困难中,家庭需适应恶性肿瘤带来的众多变化。家庭抗逆力是恶性肿瘤患儿家庭成功适应逆境和克服困难的重要因素。本研究旨在分析家庭抗逆力的测量工具、肿瘤患儿家庭抗逆力的现状、影响因素和干预措施,以期为后续相关研究和临床干预方案的制定和实施提供参考。     

产后返岗护士工作适应的研究进展

护士产后返岗自觉压力大、心理负担重等工作适应不良现象已引起护理管理者的关注,文章综述了工作适应的概念、测量工具、产后返岗护士工作适应研究现状和影响因素,并提出降低工作家庭冲突、完善岗前培训制度、合理配置人力、提高自我调节能力等建议,以期为临床构建产后返岗护士工作适应的管理体系提供依据。     

癌症患者家庭韧性评估工具的质量评价

目的 对癌症患者家庭韧性的评估工具进行质量评价,为临床医护人员选择高质量的评估工具提供依据。方法 检索PubMed、The Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Embase、PsycINFO、CINAHL、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库,检索时限为建库至2021年7月,纳入所有癌症患者家庭韧性评估工具的相关研究。基于健康测量工具选择的共识标准（consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instru-ments,COSMIN）指南,采用COSMIN偏倚风险评估清单、质量准则评价纳入研究工具的方法学质量及测量属性质量,采用改良版证据质量评价及推荐强度评级指南（grading of recommendations assessment,development of evaluation,GRADE）进行证据分级并对纳入评估工具进行分类推荐。 结果 最终纳入的10个癌症患者家庭韧性评估工具均未报告效标效度、测量误差、反应度;证据分级结果显示,家庭韧性评估量表（Family Resilience Assessment,FRA）、家庭韧性问卷（Family Resilience Questionnaire, FaREQ）质量等级为高;家庭韧性评估量表（Family Resilience Assessment Scale,FRAS）、FRA、FaREQ为A类推荐,其他均为B类推荐。结论 FRAS、樊颖维版中文版FRAS是国内外使用最广泛的癌症患者家庭韧性评估工具,FRAS、FRA、FaREQ具有良好的方法学质量、测量属性质量及证据等级,推荐在癌症患者中应用。     

工作家庭冲突及其在护理管理领域的研究现状

文章对工作家庭冲突的定义、常用测量工具和国内外研究现状进行综述,并总结了工作家庭冲突的影响因素,结合我国护理专业特点提出平衡工作家庭关系的措施。     

脑卒中患者家庭功能及影响因素研究现状

脑卒中患者家庭功能水平总体较低,影响因素较多,发生机制复杂。本文综述家庭功能理论及其测量工具的研究现状,并从家庭结构、家庭经济状况、社会支持及家庭发展阶段与突发生活事件等方面回顾家庭功能的影响因素。     

乳腺癌患者家庭调适状况研究进展

本文从家庭调适的定义、测量工具及研究现状等方面对乳腺癌患者家庭调适状况的研究进展进行综述,旨在为制定家庭干预措施,提高家庭应对癌症能力,促进家庭角色和功能恢复提供信息。     

意识障碍病人家庭照顾者家庭抗逆力研究进展

综述家庭抗逆力的概念、测量工具,解释家庭照顾者家庭抗逆力研究的生物-心理-社会意义,分析意识障碍病人家庭照顾者的压力源、家庭抗逆力的风险因素与保护因素、干预措施,以期为开展意识障碍病人家庭照顾者家庭抗逆力干预研究提供参考。     

白血病病人家庭抗逆力的研究进展

通过对家庭抗逆力的概念、理论模型及测量工具进行概述,同时也对白血病病人家庭抗逆力的影响因素和干预措施进行综述,以期为今后白血病病人家庭抗逆力的干预和研究提供参考。     

幼儿家长对家庭意外伤害危险因素认知测量工具的开发

目的开发幼儿家长对家庭意外事故危险因素认知的测量工具,初步验证该工具的信度与效度。方法用照片提示家庭环境和与家庭意外伤害有关的危险物品,用自行设计的《家长对家庭意外伤害危险因素认知调查表》对幼儿家长和儿科护士进行调查。结果本测量工具专家间最终评定一致性达到1。在家长和儿科护士之间,工具第2问B项得分间差异具有统计学意义（P=0．01）;在有育儿经验的儿科护士和家长之间,工具总体得分间、第2问得分间、第3问得分间差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。以幼儿家长为对象的Cronbach’s α信度系数为0．88,以儿科护士为对象的Cronbach’s α信度系数为0．92。结论现有数据分析显示,该测量工具内部一致性较好,较好地反映了初步设计的构想。     

Elder resilience: a concept analysis

Resilience as a social culture adaptation skill is a concept created by a combination of culture-based protection and risk factors influenced by individual, family and society variables. When encountering life event stresses, elder resilience helps the elderly achieve positive adaptation processes and results using personal character and support systems. This study used concept analysis strategies (Walker & Avant, 2005) to define the concept of elder resilience and typical, borderline and contradictory models to define the attributes of self-efficacy, hope and expectation, flexibility, sense of humor, and positive relationships / social support. We identified antecedent and consequence factors of elder resilience and evaluated three empirical measurement tools. Concept analysis results are hoped to benefit clinical practice and further research. Healthcare provider should further develop a positive healthcare philosophy and intervention approaches in order to assist the elderly with successful aging and positive adaptation.     

The Retirement Transition and the Later Life Family Unit

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to determine to what extent family worldview and problem-solving communication style influence individual and family unit adaptation during retirement. A cross-sectional correlational survey design utilized Pearson correlations and stepwise multiple regressions. The sample consisted of 368 individuals representing 184 later life family units. Operationalized as family unit data, family worldview and family problem-solving communication style were examined in two series: (1) with outcome variable of family unit adaptation and (2) with outcome variable of individual adaptation. Scoring of family unit data was conceptually, procedurally, and analytically congruent. The investigation extended McCubbins' work into the later life family unit giving empirical support for two propositions of the Resiliency Model (M. A. McCubbin & H.I. McCubbin, 1993). This investigation also extended A. Antonovsky's (1987) work as the second study to apply the Antonovsky Sense of Coherence Scale to a family measurement. Conclusions are that although the way the family views the world is important during retirement, being affirmed by family members is more important. The investigation highlights the importance of a positive problem-solving communication style for a positive level of family adaptation. Individual adaptation during retirement was more influenced by family worldview.     

Caring for children with sleep problems

Sleep disturbances are common in infants and children. Sleep disturbances in children not only disrupt the child and family but also impact parental and child well-being, daytime functioning, and behavior. Pediatric nurses care for the individual child as well as their family members. Understanding the importance of healthy sleep habits and the implications of inadequate sleep on child behavior and family-peer interactions provides nurses an opportunity to decrease family stress and increase positive coping, adaptation, and family function. Common types of sleep problems are presented, and recommendations for screening tools are included to help nurses better assess sleep problems in children and make appropriate referrals.     

失智症家庭照顾者积极情绪体验的研究进展

阐述积极情绪体验的概念、测量工具,从研究意义、影响因素、干预措施综述失智症家庭照顾者积极情绪体验的研究进展,以期为开展失智症家庭照顾者积极情绪体验干预研究提供参考。     

Spousal bereavement assessment: a review of bereavement-specific measures

The death of a spouse represents a common form of bereavement among adults and is associated with significant distress and adaptation. This 10-year review of the bereavement literature highlights 12 tools used to assess bereavement in spousally bereaved samples. Pertinent measurement foci and psychometric properties of each tool are presented. Applicability of each tool within the spousal bereavement process is discussed, and aspects of the spousal bereavement process not currently addressed or under-addressed provide direction for future tool development.     

Putting patient and family voice back into measuring quality of care for the dying

Quality of care and quality of life change substantially for those with a serious chronic illness and nearing the end of their lives. As one dies, life takes on new shape-values change and things once ignored become more important. Existing quality of care measures do not attend to the changes in priorities or to dimensions that acquire new significance (e.g., Spirituality and transcendence). An important impediment to addressing the inadequacies in the evidence base for palliative care, improving shortcomings of care, and holding institutions or health care systems accountable for the quality of care is the lack of valid and reliable measurement tools. In this article, an overview is presented of an ongoing research effort to develop measurement tools which will utilize the patient and family perspective to measure the quality of care.     

Patient-focused, family-centered end-of-life medical care: views of the guidelines and bereaved family members

A fundamental barrier to improving the quality of medical care at the end of life is the lack of measurement tools. The Toolkit of Instruments to Measure End of Life Care (TIME) aims to fill that void by creating measurement tools that capture the patient and family perspective. To develop a conceptual model for a retrospective survey of bereaved family members that incorporates both professional and family perspectives on what constitutes good care at the end of life, a qualitative literature review of existing professional guidelines and six focus groups with bereaved family members from acute care hospitals (n = 2), nursing homes (n = 2), and hospice/VNA home health services (n = 2) was performed. The focus groups were held in Arizona, New York, and Massachusetts and included 42 bereaved family members/friends contacted 3-12 months from the time of patient's death. Domains of care that define quality end-of-life care were defined. Focus group participants defined high quality medical care as: 1) providing dying persons with desired physical comfort; 2) helping dying persons control decisions about medical care and daily routines; 3) relieving family members of the burden of being present at all times to advocate for their loved one; 4) educating family members so they felt confident to care for their loved ones at home; and 5) providing family members with emotional support both before and after the patient's death. The qualitative literature review yielded similar results, except that the professional guidelines did not mention the advocacy burden felt by families. These two sources provided the foundation for a conceptual model of patient-focused, family-centered medical care and a new tool for surveying bereaved family members. Views of bereaved family members' stories and professional guidelines help to identify key domains of quality of end-of-life care. A new survey instrument provides a way to incorporate the perspectives of bereaved family members in measuring the quality of end-of-life care.