杭州市富阳区甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌基因分型研究

目的对杭州市富阳区临床分离的甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)进行基因分型并分析其流行现状。方法收集临床送检标本中分离出的金黄色葡萄球菌,采用全自动细菌鉴定/药敏系统进行药敏试验,对所有MRSA菌株进行多位点序列分型(MLST)、葡萄球菌蛋白A基因(spa)分型和葡萄球菌盒式染色体(SCCmec)分型,同时应用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)进行同源性分析。结果分离到金黄色葡萄球菌121株,其中MRSA 22株,占18.2%。药敏试验显示MRSA对β-内酰胺类、红霉素全耐药,对左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星的耐药率85.0%,未发现万古霉素、利奈唑胺耐药株。SCCmec、spa、MLST分型表明以ST5-t311-SCCmecⅡ基因型为主,部分菌株之间同源性程度高。结论杭州市富阳区MRSA的检出率目前还处于相对较低的水平,流行克隆以ST5-t311-SCCmecⅡ型为主。     

agr功能缺陷金黄色葡萄球菌流行及遗传学特征

目的研究金黄色葡萄球菌附属基因调节子(agr)功能缺陷金黄色葡萄球菌的流行及遗传学特征。方法收集上海市和浙江省5家医院临床分离的1 238株金黄色葡萄球菌,采用头孢西丁纸片法确定其对甲氧西林的耐药性;采用δ溶血活性检测筛选agr功能缺陷菌株,应用agr分型、葡萄球菌盒式染色体mec(SCCmec)分型、金黄色葡萄球菌蛋白A基因(spa)分型和多位点序列分型(MLST)确定相关菌株的分子特征。结果 agr功能缺陷金黄色葡萄球菌总流行率为3.6%(45/1238),其中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的检出率[5.0%(28/565)]显著高于甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA)[2.5%(17/673)](P=0.023)。基因分型结果显示,agr功能缺陷MRSA以ST5(CC5)-SCCmecⅡ-t002/t311/t2460-agr2和ST239(CC8)-SCCmecⅢ-t037-agr1为主,而MSSA主要为ST188(CC1)-t189-agr1。结论沪浙地区agr功能缺陷金黄色葡萄球菌并不常见,其流行可能与特定型别克隆株的传播有关。     

重庆地区金黄色葡萄球菌临床株的分子型别与耐药性检测

目的了解重庆地区金黄色葡萄球菌临床菌株的分子型别及其对常用抗菌药物的耐药情况,为防控该地区金葡菌感染提供理论依据。方法收集2013年6月至2014年12月期间重庆地区西南医院临床分离的110株金黄色葡萄球菌,利用特征性基因扩增区分甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA)和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA),再采用多位点序列分型(MLST)、spa分型、SCCmec分型、agr分型等方法检测金葡菌的型别,采用PCR检测pvl毒力基因,药敏试验分析菌株对苯唑西林、万古霉素、四环素等13种临床常用抗菌药物的耐药性,分析菌株的耐药谱。结果 110株金葡菌中有59株为MRSA,51株为MSSA,MRSA阳性率为53.6%。59株MRSA分为11种spa型和8种ST型,优势流行克隆为ST239-MRSA-Ⅲ(57.6%,34/59),pvl毒力基因检出率为23.7%(14/59)。51株MSSA分为27种spa型和18种ST型,agrI型占68.6%(35/51),pvl检出率为7.8%(4/51)。药敏结果显示59株MRSA均为多重耐药(MDR)菌株,51株MSSA中有24株为MDR菌株。结论重庆地区流行的MRSA以ST239-MRSA-Ⅲ为主,而MSSA表现出较高遗传多样性,发现ST121等高毒力、高耐药性菌株,值得高度重视。     

西安市托幼机构中金黄色葡萄球菌分子分型及毒力特征

摘要〓目的〓〖JP2〗了解西安市托幼机构中金黄色葡萄球菌的毒力特征、耐药情况及分子流行特点。方法〓对分离的11株金黄色葡萄球菌进行17种毒力基因及1种耐药基因的检测,利用MLST及spa分型方法进行分子分型,同时测定所有菌株对15种药物的敏感性。结果11株金黄色葡萄球菌检出携带13种毒力基因,肠毒素基因seb、seg、sem、sen和sek检出率较高,表皮剥脱毒素基因eta、etb、etd及pvl各检出1株。Spa分型可分为11种型别,MLST分型可分为10种型别,其中有一株菌为MRSA菌株。结论〓西安市托幼机构中检出的金黄色葡萄球菌携带多种毒力基因,其中含有引起西安市食物中毒主要流行菌株ST6-t701-sea型别的菌株。应加强托幼机构的消毒工作,保护幼儿健康成长。     

新生儿科医务人员鼻拭子与临床分离MRSA的分子分型

目的了解深圳市儿童医院新生儿临床分离株和该科医务人员鼻拭子耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的分子生物学特征及耐药性。方法收集新生儿科临床分离的MRSA以及新生儿科医务人员鼻拭子分离的MRSA 26株,对其进行多位点基因分型(MLST分型)、spa分型、SCCmec分型及脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE),同时检测pvl基因,并进行14种抗菌药物药敏试验。结果在26株MRSA中,痰占53.8%,医务人员鼻拭子筛查检出2株。MLST分型共5种,其中ST59占76.9%。spa分型有8种,t437占65.4%。SCCmec分型只有2种,SCCmecⅣ型20株(76.9%)、SCCmecV 4株(15.4%)。PVL基因检测,pvl阳性率15.4%。通过PFGE分析,从新生儿科护理人员的鼻拭子分离的一株MRSA与一株从患者分离的菌株100%同源。药敏试验结果显示所有MRSA对呋喃妥因、奎奴普丁/达福普汀、万古霉素、喹诺酮类抗菌药物100%敏感,而对红霉素、克林霉素和四环素耐药率较高,均在50%以上。结论本研究新生儿科临床分离的MRSA中,最常见的克隆是MRSA-ST59-SCCmecⅣ-t437,在新生儿MRSA的经验性治疗中不宜首选红霉素和克林霉素。     

杀白细胞素pvl基因阴性MRSA对抗菌药物的耐药性研究

目的研究杀白细胞素（PVL）pvl基因阴性耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）对多种抗菌药物的耐药性。方法采用头孢西丁纸片扩散法检测MRSA;用聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测m ecA基因及pvl基因;采用琼脂稀释法测定金黄色葡萄球菌最低抑菌浓度（M IC）并检测pvl基因阴性MRSA对12种抗菌药物的耐药性。结果 71株金黄色葡萄球菌中检测出33株pvl基因阴性MRSA,检出率为46.4%（33/71）;对青霉素类抗菌药物的耐药率为100.0%;对其他类抗菌药物呈多重耐药并以ECLOTGMP为主要耐药模式,占66.7%（22/33）;未发现对达托霉素、替考拉宁和万古霉素耐药的菌株。结论医院感染中以pvl基因阴性MRSA为主,并呈现多重耐药;pvl基因阴性MRSA主要耐药模式为对红霉素、环丙沙星、克林霉素、苯唑西林、四环素、庆大霉素、复方磺胺甲口恶唑和青霉素耐药,是主要流行株,要谨慎使用以上8种抗菌药物。     

携带Panton-Valentine杀白细胞素基因金黄色葡萄球菌所致感染类型研究

目的 研究携带Panton-Valentine杀白细胞素（Panton-Valentine leukocidin，PVL）基因金黄色葡萄球菌所致感染类型。方法利用多重PCR检测金黄色葡萄球菌临床分离株的PVL基因，应用多位点基因序列分型（multilocus sequence typing，MLST）技术对PVL基因阳性的菌株进行序列分型，耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus，MRSA）的SCCmec基因分型采用多重PCR。结果 26株携带PVL基因的金黄色葡萄球菌有13株为ST88，5株为ST239，5株为ST398，ST25、ST30和ST59各1株。20株为医院获得株，主要引起肺部感染和术后伤口化脓性感染；6株为社区感染株，主要引起软组织化脓性感染。7株MSSA全部为ST88，主要引起化脓性感染。而19株MRSA分布在6种ST型中，主要有ST88-SCCmecⅢA、ST239-SCCmecⅢ、ST398．SCCmecⅣ和ST398-SCCmecⅢ。26株菌株分布于14个病区，在产科发生过携带PVL基因的ST88．SCCmecⅢA．MRSA克隆株的播散。结论 本院分离的携带PVL基因的金黄色葡萄球菌的序列型主要为ST88、ST239和ST398，既可造成医院感染也可造成社区感染且可能引起克隆株的播散。     

鄂尔多斯地区蒙古族人群耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌基因分型

目的探讨鄂尔多斯地区蒙古族人群耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的分子流行病学特点,明确本地区MRSA基因型别及其分布规律。方法收集2009年1月至2011年8月临床分离的MRSA菌株54株。应用多重聚合酶链反应(PCR)对MRSA菌株进行葡萄球菌染色体mec(SCCmec)基因分型、杀白细胞毒素(PVL)毒力基因(pvl)和多位点序列分型(MLST)检测。结果 MRSA菌株的SCCmecⅠ~Ⅴ基因分型分别占0.00%、50.00%、46.30%、1.85%和1.85%;检测出1株pvl基因阳性;24株MRSA菌株MLST分型显示,ST239 13株(54.17%),ST59株(37.50%),ST5 9和ST7各1株(4.17%)。结论鄂尔多斯地区蒙古族人群MRSA菌株以SCCmecⅡ型和SCCmecⅢ型为主。     

tst和pvl基因阳性金黄色葡萄球菌流行情况及分子特征

目的了解中毒性休克综合征毒素-1的tst基因和杀白细胞素的pvl基因阳性金黄色葡萄球菌(金葡菌)流行情况及其附属基因调节子(agr)和葡萄球菌盒式染色体(SCCmec)型别。方法收集上海市及浙江省共7所医院的916株金葡菌,聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测tst、pvl、mec A和mec C基因,并对tst或pvl基因阳性菌株作agr及SCCmec(针对甲氧西林耐药金葡菌,MRSA)遗传学分型。结果 916株金葡菌中tst阳性208株,阳性率22.7%;pvl阳性35株,阳性率3.8%;mec A阳性665株(MRSA),未检测到mec C基因。在665株MRSA中,tst阳性198株(29.8%),agr和SCCmec分型均以2/Ⅱ型为主,分别占97.0%和94.4%;pvl阳性14株(2.1%),agr分型以1型(85.7%)为主,SCCmec分型以Ⅲ型(42.9%)和Ⅳa型(28.6%)为主。在251株甲氧西林敏感金葡菌(MSSA)中,tst阳性10株(4.0%);pvl阳性21株(8.4%)。tst阳性率在MRSA菌株中较MSSA中高,而pvl检出率则在MSSA菌株中较高,且浙江地区MRSA中pvl的阳性率高于上海菌株,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 tst基因在MRSA菌株中阳性率较MSSA高;pvl阳性率相对较低,但因其与某些严重的金葡菌感染相关,临床应予以关注。     

呼伦贝尔地区MRSA耐药谱及分子流行病学特征分析

目的了解内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)主要流行株,并探讨不同基因型与耐药谱的关系,明确MRSA的起源、传播和流行特征,寻找有效控制MRSA感染的途径,延缓万古霉素不敏感菌株的出现。方法收集2012年1月—2017年6月内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区5家医院非重复MRSA临床分离株55株。采用Vitek 2 Compact自动化鉴定药敏系统进行菌种鉴定和体外药物敏感性分析。通过多位点序列分型(MLST)联合葡萄球菌染色体mec基因盒(SCCmec)基因分型对MRSA进行基因分型。结果 SCCmec基因分型共检出6个基因型,以Ⅱ型为主(58.18%),其中包括2个未明确分型菌株;MLST共检出10个基因型,其中有2个可能为新的型别,居前3位的型别分别为ST59(50.91%)、ST72(10.91%)和ST239(10.91%)。ST59-MRSA-SCCmecⅡ的检出率为38.18%。ST59型对环丙沙星和庆大霉素的耐药率较低(3.57%),未检出左氧氟沙星、莫西沙星、利福平耐药菌株;ST239型对四环素、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、莫西沙星、庆大霉素、利福平的耐药率均为83.33%;ST72型除对红霉素、克林霉素高水平耐药外,未检出对其他抗菌药物耐药菌株。ST239型对红霉素和克林霉素的耐药率(66.67%)低于ST59型(85.71%)和ST72型(83.33%)。结论呼伦贝尔地区MRSA流行菌株以ST59型为主,其次是ST72型和ST239型,优势型别是ST59-MRSA-SCCmecⅡ型。ST59型和ST72型对环丙沙星、庆大霉素、左氧氟沙星、莫西沙星、利福平敏感率高,ST239型对其耐药率高。     

中国7所教学医院耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的分子流行病学及耐药性研究

目的调查2007年中国7所教学医院耐甲氧西林金葡菌(MRSA)的分子流行病学分布及耐药性特征。方法采用多位点序列分型(MLST)和葡萄球菌蛋白A基因(spa)分型技术对114株MRSA进行分子流行病学研究,并进行Panton-Valentine毒素(PVL)编码基因lukS检测,采用琼脂稀释法进行13种抗菌药物的药敏试验。结果 114株MRSA中共发现8种MLST-spa分子克隆型,ST239-t030、ST239-t037和ST5-t002是主要的型别,分别占总数的41.2%、28.8%和21.9%。仅有1株MRSA检测到lukS基因阳性。MRSA菌株最敏感的抗菌药物为万古霉素与替考拉宁(100%),甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲口恶唑次之(86.8%);主要的分子克隆型ST239-t030、ST239-t037和ST5-t002菌株具有相似的药敏谱,但所有甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲口恶唑耐药菌株均属于ST239-t037。结论在中国MRSA的流行株由数种主要的分子克隆型引起,与周边国家和地区的情况基本一致。     

Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Madrid, Spain: transcontinental importation and polyclonal emergence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive isolates

Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) isolates producing the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) have been reported worldwide. We describe the molecular characteristics of PVL-positive CA-MRSA strains isolated in Madrid, Spain, and analyze the clinical features of patients infected with these isolates. From 2004 to 2007, we collected 13 PVL-positive MRSA isolates from patients attending to the emergency department. The isolates were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, SCCmec typing, agr polymorphism, and multilocus sequence typing. Susceptibility to 29 antimicrobials was determined by the broth microdilution and by the E-test methods. The isolates belonged to 3 genotypes: ST8-SCCmec IVc (n = 11), ST5-SCCmec IVa (n = 1), and ST80-SCCmec IVc (n = 1). The corresponding agr types were I, II, and III, respectively. Five isolates were resistant to tetracycline and doxycycline, and 1 was resistant to fusidic acid (ST80). The isolates were from children (n = 9) and adults (n = 4), and were associated with skin and soft tissue infections (n = 9), otitis (n = 1), and bacteremia (n = 1). Nine patients were from South America. Our results indicate the transcontinental importation and recent emergence in Spain of PVL-positive CA-MRSA strains belonging to 3 distinct lineages, including 1 predominant (ST8-SCCmec IVc).     

2009-2011年浙江省富阳市人民医院金黄色葡萄球菌的感染分布和耐药性调查

目的 分析浙江省富阳市人民医院2009-2011年临床分离的金黄色葡萄球菌的感染分布、耐药情况和检测克林霉素诱导型耐药的发生率,为临床正确选择抗菌药物提供依据。方法 用常规细菌培养方法从患者标本中分离出细菌,法国ATB细菌仪鉴定菌种,采用K-B纸片法检测抗菌药物的敏感性,按照CLSI推荐的D试验方法检测分析红霉素对克林霉素诱导耐药情况。结果 2009-2011年共分离出 225株金黄色葡萄球菌,分离率最高为痰及支气管吸出物,占65.8%,其次为脓液,占14.2%。以重症监护室、呼吸内科和骨科为多见。未发现对万古霉素耐药的菌株,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）共检出108株,D试验阳性率为 65.5%。结论 金黄色葡萄球菌感染以呼吸道为主,其次为脓液。对各种抗菌药物除万古霉素外均出现了不同程度的耐药。克林霉素诱导型耐药发生率很高。应加强金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性的监测与控制,常规检测D试验,指导临床合理使用抗菌药物。     

Polyclonal emergence and importation of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains harbouring Panton-Valentine leucocidin genes in Belgium

OBJECTIVES: Worldwide spread of a limited number of Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) -producing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clones has been reported in various communities. The objective of this study was to describe the molecular characteristics of the first PVL-positive MRSA strains isolated in Belgium. METHODS: Clinical MRSA isolates (n = 41) collected from 2002 to 2004 from Belgian patients were investigated for the PVL gene by PCR. PVL-positive isolates were genotyped by PFGE, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, spa sequence typing, accessory gene regulator (agr) polymorphism and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Susceptibility to 14 antimicrobials was determined by the disc diffusion method. Genes encoding resistance to tetracyclines, aminoglycosides and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin were determined by PCR. RESULTS: Sixteen isolates carried lukS-lukF genes that encode the PVL toxin. All but one isolate were community-acquired. Three patients reported recent travel to North Africa and South America. They were associated with skin or soft tissue infections, bacteraemia and peritonitis. By molecular typing, they belonged to five genotypes: ST80-SCCmec IV, ST8-SCCmec IV, ST30-SCCmec IV, ST153-SCCmec IV and ST88-SCCmec IV. They belonged to the agr type 3 except for ST8 strains, which showed agr type 1. All isolates were susceptible to fluoroquinolones. Approximately, half of them were resistant to tetracycline, fusidic acid and kanamycin. Tetracycline-resistant strains harboured the tet(K) gene and resistance to kanamycin was associated with the aph3'-IIIa gene. The single erythromycin-resistant isolate harboured msr(A/B) genes conferring the M resistance phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate the recent emergence and sporadic importation into Belgium of PVL-positive community-associated MRSA strains belonging to five distinct clones.     

Temporal changes in the genotypes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from a tertiary Malaysian hospital based on MLST, spa, and mec-associated dru typing

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the main bacterial pathogens responsible for nosocomial infections leading to pneumonia, bloodstream, skin, and soft tissue infections. The objective of this study was to investigate the genomic changes of MRSA in a tertiary hospital between the years 2003, 2004, 2007, and 2008. One hundred fifty-four MRSA strains were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), spa, and mec-associated dru typing. Among the 154 strains, 29 different dru, 15 spa, and 8 MLST types were identified. Seven sequence types (STs) (ST239, ST22, ST5, ST6, ST80, ST573, and ST241) were identified among 2007-08 strains, although only 2 STs (ST239 and ST20) were observed among 2003 strains. Clones ST239-t037-dt13g, ST22-t032-(dt10a and dt10aw), and 28 other MRSA clones being introduced in 2007-2008 have replaced the ST239-t037 (dt13d, 14h, 13i, 13l, 13m, 15m, 15l, and 11al) clones present in 2003. The predominant MLST clone, ST239 (90.3%), was further distinguished into 7 different spa types and 26 different dru types, including 17 novel dru types. Maximum parsimony tree based on dru repeats revealed that 10 dru types (dt11am, dt13j, dt15n, dt13q, dt13n, dt13p, dt13f, dt13ao, dt12j, dt7v) shared the same MLST-spa types with dt13d, suggesting that these MRSA clones might have evolved from ST239-t037-dt13d. In conclusion, our data showed that the ST239-t037-dt13d clone and other MRSA clones in 2003 were replaced by ST239-t037-dt13g and other new emerging spa and dru types.     

金黄色葡萄球菌临床分离株spa分型和耐药特征研究

目的研究临床分离金葡菌的耐药性和分子特征。方法对2011年511月在成都某医院分离的56株金葡菌进行抗菌药物敏感性检测,检测菌株携带mecA基因和pvl基因情况,并进行spa基因分型分析。结果56株金葡菌中,共检出耐甲氧两林金葡菌（MRSA）21株（37．5％）,其中mecA基因阳性20株（95．2％）;甲氧西林敏感金葡菌（MSSA）35株（62．5％）。与MSSA相比,MRSA对利福平、左氧氟沙星、莫西沙星、环丙沙星、庆大霉素和四环素的敏感率显著降低（P〈0．05）,MRSA对万古霉素、利奈唑胺、替加环素、喹奴普丁达福普汀和呋喃妥因全部敏感。MRSA分为6个spa型别,以t030（66．7％）为主,MRSA～t030、MRSA—t002具有突出的多药耐药特征。MSSA共分为18个spa型别,以t189、t377和t034列前3位,分别占14．3％、／4．3％和1I．4％,并在脓液标本榆出I株新spa基因型new1。检出5株杀白细胞毒素（PVL）阳性菌株,其中3株为MSSA—t189。结论t030是医院MRSA临床分离株中的spa优势型别,具有突出的多药耐药特征,在医院内广泛传播。MSSA遗传多样性高,以t189、t377和t034列前3位。     

A survey of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Korea

OBJECTIVES: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), originally restricted to hospitals, has emerged as a significant pathogen in the community. Although MRSA accounts for over 60% of S. aureus in tertiary hospitals in Korea, little is known about the epidemiology of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). METHODS: From January to July 2005, a hospital laboratory-based survey was conducted in seven community-based or tertiary hospitals. The medical records and Health Insurance Review Agency databases were reviewed and MRSA isolated from patients without apparent risk factors was defined as CA-MRSA. Susceptibilities to 12 antibiotics were tested by the disc diffusion method. SCCmec typing, Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) gene detection and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were performed according to published protocols. RESULTS: Of 3,251 S. aureus, 1,900 (58.4%) were MRSA. CA-MRSA accounted for 112 (5.9%) of the MRSA. Of the 112 CA-MRSA isolates, 27 and 33 were found to be pathogens and colonizers, respectively. Fifty-two isolates from the patients with chronic otitis media were classified as 'undetermined'. Most of the 27 CA-MRSA patients had skin and soft tissue infections or acute ear infections. None of the patients died during the study period. Among 72 isolates tested, 64% were multidrug-resistant. SCCmec type IVa was the most common type among the colonizers and pathogens. On MLST analysis, ST72 was predominant, but ST5 and ST239 were prevalent in the 'undetermined' group. None possessed the PVL gene. CONCLUSIONS: Despite MRSA-endemic hospital settings, CA-MRSA infections are not common in Korea. A new clone of CA-MRSA, ST72-SCCmec type IVa without the PVL gene, is the most common form.     

171株医院感染葡萄球菌的耐药性分析

目的了解我院2006—2007年导致医院感染的葡萄球菌分类及耐药性。方法采用常规方法对我院医院感染患者的各类标本进行分离培养,用生物梅里埃公司的VITEK-32细菌鉴定仪对分离的细菌进行鉴定,然后用纸片扩散法（K-B）进行药物敏感性试验,用WHONET5．3进行统计学分析。结果共分离出葡萄球菌171株,其中金黄色葡萄球菌48株（28．1％）,凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌123株（71．9％）。耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）检出率为31．3％;耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌检出率为37．4％。耐药率监测表明耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌（MRS）对10种常用抗菌药物耐药率远远高于甲氧西林敏感葡萄球菌（MSS）。结论应高度重视MRS的检测和报告,为临床提供可靠的诊断和治疗依据,及时有效的监测和控制葡萄球菌医院感染。