腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术与传统开腹手术的疗效对比分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术的可行性、安全性、经济性及近期疗效.方法 回顾性对比分析2007年12月～2010年11月开展的低位直肠癌保肛手术52例,其中腹腔镜直肠癌全系膜切除的病例28例(腹腔镜组),开腹直肠癌全系膜切除的病例24例(开腹组),对其资料及医疗成本进行比较分析.结果 腹腔镜组与开腹组的一般资料差异无显著性.腹腔镜组术中出血量、手术切口长度、恢复肠道功能的时间、下床活动时间和住院时间[(65±52)mL、(5.0±1.4)cm、(36±12)h、(4.2±1.1)d和(11.6±3.2)d]明显低于开腹手术组[(168±63)mL、(19.1±4.5)cm、(77±18)h、(8.2±3.1)d和(18.2±4.7)d](P<0.05).两组清扫淋巴结的数目差异无显著性,下切缘均为阴性(P>0.05).开腹手术组术后切口感染发生机会多于腹腔镜组(P<0.05),两组吻合口瘘的发生率基本相同.总住院费用差异无显著性(P>0.05).结论 腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术创伤小,恢复快,安全可靠,能够取得与开腹手术同样的肿瘤根治性效果,且不增加总的医疗成本.     

腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术42例临床报告

目的评价腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术的临床疗效。方法1999年6月至2006年6月,由同一手术组完成腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术42例,开腹结直肠癌根治术55例,比较两组手术相关指标、术后恢复指标、肿瘤根治性指标及随访结果。结果腹腔镜组的术中出血量、术后镇痛例数、术后肛门排气时间、术后住院天数分别为(76±14)ml、18例(42.9%)、(1.9±0.7)d、(6.1±1.2)d,开腹组分别为(114±18)ml、48例(87.3%)、(2.6±1.0)d、(8.4±1.1)d,腹腔镜组显著优于开腹组(P<0.05),而腹腔镜组在手术时间(104±17)min、肿瘤大小(3.40±1.38)cm、切除标本长度(10.35±1.83)cm、清扫淋巴结数目(9.55±1.78)个、直肠肿瘤远端切缘长度(4.55±1.77)cm及手术并发症方面与开腹组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组局部复发及远处转移方面差异无统计学意义。结论腹腔镜辅助下结直肠肿瘤的手术具有创伤小、术后恢复快的优点,且可以达到与开腹手术相同的根治效果。     

腹腔镜与开腹直肠癌根治术疗效的临床对比研究

目的 比较腹腔镜与开腹直肠癌根治术在直肠癌治疗中的应用效果.方法 比较同一手术组的26例腹腔镜和54例开腹直肠癌根治术的保肛率、手术相关指标、术后恢复指标、肿瘤根治性指标、住院费用、术后并发症及随访结果.结果 腹腔镜组的术后肛门排气时间、拔除导尿时间、术后住院天数分别为(4.2±1.8)d、(4.3±1.7)d及(10.4±2.4)d,开腹组分别为(5.5±1.4)d、(5.9±3.0)d及(14.3±3.4)d,腹腔镜组显著短于开腹组(P﹤0.05).而腹腔镜组在保肛率(13/26)、手术时间[(198±20)min]、术中出血量[(414±188)ml]、肿瘤大小[(3.2±0.7)cm]、切除标本长度[(16.5±2.4)cm)]、清扫淋巴结数目(9.0±3.1)及直肠肿瘤远端切缘长度[(3.2±1.3)cm]方面与开腹组比较差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).腹腔镜组手术费用[(1.02±0.26)万元]高于开腹组[(0.61±0.19)万元](P﹤0.01),住院费用[(2.93±0.36)万元]高于开腹组[(2.39±0.29)万元](P﹤0.01).腹腔镜组术后并发症明显少于开腹组(P＝0.034). 两组局部复发及远处转移方面差异无统计学意义.结论 腹腔镜直肠癌根治术安全、经济,且创伤小,恢复快,并发症少.     

腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛根治术78例临床分析

目的：探讨腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除在低位直肠癌保肛根治术中的临床应用价值。方法：回顾性分析78例低位直肠癌行腹腔镜下全直肠系膜切除在低位直肠癌保肛根治术的临床病例资料。结果：78例患者用腹腔镜技术完成手术,保肛率100%,手术时间（162.45±54.74）min,术中出血量（88.24± 72.21）mL,胃肠道功能恢复时间（2.11±0.55）d,术后使用止痛剂11.5%（9/78）。结论：腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除在低位直肠癌保肛根治术中具有保肛率高、创伤小、恢复快的优点。[著者文摘]     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术与同期开腹手术近远期疗效的单中心对比研究

目的比较腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术与开腹手术的近远期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2012年12月在本院行结直肠癌根治性手术的2 337例患者的临床和随访资料。结果 2007年1月至12月,开腹手术组手术时间和术后并发症优于腹腔镜组(P<0.05);腹腔镜组失血量和切口长度优于开腹手术组(P<0.05)。2008年1月至2012年12月,腹腔镜组失血量、排气时间和切口长度优于开腹手术组(P<0.05)。两组清扫淋巴结数目、转移淋巴结数目和术后5年生存率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术具有较好的安全性及可行性,可在有一定腹腔镜手术基础的医院开展。     

经腹、经阴道与腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剔除术的比较分析

目的比较经腹、经阴道和腹腔镜下3种子宫肌瘤剔除术的特点,指导临床术式的选择。方法比较经腹子宫肌瘤剔除术147例(开腹组)、腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剔除术128例(腹腔镜组)和经阴道子宫肌瘤剔除术86例(阴式组)3组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后体温恢复正常时间、术后排气时间和术后住院时间。结果阴式组手术时间最短,为(58.6±10.7)min,开腹组手术时间(87.9±21.4)min与腹腔镜组(96.7±26.2)min比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);术中出血量阴式组最少,为(51.9±16.7)mL,腹腔镜组次之,为(102.4±34.7)mL,均少于开腹组(153.6±56.6)mL(P<0.05);术后体温恢复正常时间阴式组(66.2±17.8)h,与腹腔镜组(65.8±19.2)h比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),均短于开腹组(93.2±24.3)h(P<0.05);术后排气时间阴式组最短,为(19.7±7.5)h,腹腔镜组次之,为(24.3±6.9)h,均短于开腹组(31.6±7.4)h;术后住院时间阴式组(5.8±1.6)d与腹腔镜组(6.1±1.7)d比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),均短于开腹手术组(8.3±2.1)d(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜下和经阴道子宫肌瘤剔除术与经腹子宫肌瘤剔除术相比具有创伤小、术中出血少、术后恢复快及住院时间短等优点。但3种术式特点和适应证不同,不能完全互相替代。     

手助腹腔镜技术在中低位直肠癌根治术中的应用

目的探讨手助腹腔镜手术(hand-assisted laparoscopic rectectomy,HALR)在中低位直肠癌根治术中的应用及临床效果。方法 230例中低位直肠癌患者依据手术方式分为腹腔镜组126例和开腹中低位直肠癌根治组104例(开腹组),记录患者围手术期参数及肿瘤学指标,并进行2组间比较。结果 2组手术过程均顺利,HALR组无中转开腹病例,HALR组手术时间[(125.7±27.6)min]与开腹组[(135.5±29.3)min]比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),HALR组切口长度[(7.1±1.3)cm]、术中出血量[(90.1±68.1)mL]、术后镇痛药物应用次数[(1.5±1.2)次]、排气时间[(2.6±0.3)d]、住院时间[(8.1±1.9)d]均低于开腹组[(21.5±4.2)cm、(155.3±76.4)mL、(3.3±1.5)次、(4.5±0.4)d、(14.3±2.1)d],2组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);腹腔镜组肿瘤直径[(3.0±1.8)cm]、淋巴结清扫个数[(18.5±7.1)个]、远端切缘长度[(2.1±1.2)cm]及术后病理分期与开腹组[肿瘤直径(2.8±1.3)cm、淋巴结清扫个数(15.8±6.5)个、远端切缘长度(2.1±1.0)cm]比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);HALR组术后并发症发生率(17.5%)低于开腹组(26.0%)(P0.05),术后30d病死率(1.6%)与开腹组(1.9%)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 HALR应用于中低位直肠癌手术安全、可靠,并发症发生率低。     

腹腔镜肾肿瘤根治切除术与开放手术的临床效果比较

目的比较评价腹腔镜肾肿瘤根治性切除术与开放手术的临床效果。方法对限期行肾肿瘤的患者均衡分成腹腔镜和开放手术组共53例。对腹腔镜组及开放手术组的手术时间、术中失血、用止痛剂、住院天数进行统计。并对患者长期随访,比较两组的生存率、切口愈合情况及转移情况。结果两组手术均获成功,术前两组患者各项检测指标与正常人无差异。腹腔镜组与开放手术组的患病病例构成、性别构成(P>0.75)、肿瘤临床分期(P>0.25)、年龄(P>0.05)和肿块大小(P>0.05)两组差异无显著性。腹腔镜组平均手术时间为(66.66±10.37)min,而开放手术组为(69.08±11.22)min,两组差异无显著性(P>0.05);术后住院天数腹腔镜组(6.92±0.96)d明显少于开放手术组(11.42±1.57)d(P<0.05);术中失血腹腔镜组(72.03±10.37)mL明显少于开放手术组(154.42±20.42)mL(P<0.01),腹腔镜组术后2人次用止痛剂,开放手术组术后20人次应用度冷丁止痛,两组差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论与传统的根治性肾肿瘤切除术相比,腹腔镜肾肿瘤根治术具有手术时间短、出血少、住院天数短、康复快、并发症少等优点。     

运用腹腔镜技术根治性切除直肠恶性肿瘤的临床应用研究

目的探讨运用腹腔镜外科技术根治性切除直肠恶性肿瘤的可行性与临床意义。方法回顾性分析运用腹腔镜技术根治性切除57例直肠肿瘤的手术方式与临床资料,其中高位直肠癌8例,中位直肠癌19例,低位直肠癌21例,肛管癌9例。结果55例在全腹腔镜或其辅助下完成根治性切除术,2例中转开腹手术;手术时间平均(136±25)min,平均出血量(85±38)mL;术后无伤口感染、腹腔出血、吻合口漏、狭窄;术后病理组织学检查,肿瘤标本切除长度(26.35±13.26)cm,切除淋巴结数目(12.35±9.67)个;随访4￣36个月,2例术后14个月、18个月腹腔广泛转移死亡。结论运用腹腔镜外科技术根治性切除直肠癌具有创伤小、恢复快,且在理论和技术上是安全可行的,近期疗效可,值得推广。     

腹腔镜辅助与小切口肾盂成形术治疗婴儿期先天性肾积水临床疗效比较

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助体外肾盂成形术与小切口肾盂成形术治疗婴儿期先天性肾积水的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析67例婴儿期先天性肾积水手术治疗患儿的临床资料,其中腹腔镜辅助体外肾盂成形手术31例为腹腔镜辅助组,小切口肾盂成形术36例为小切口手术组。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后肠道恢复时间、术后住院时间、术后并发症发生率、肾盂分离减少值和肾小球滤过率增加值。结果腹腔镜辅助组手术时间[(78±12)min]较小切口手术组[(70±10)min]长(P<0.05),术后住院时间[(7.5±1.2)d]、术后肠道恢复时间[(1.2±0.2)d]均短于小切口手术组[(8.5±1.3)d、(1.5±0.5)d](P<0.05),术中出血量[(10.1±2.2)mL]少于小切口手术组[(12.6±3.2)mL](P<0.05);腹腔镜辅助组术后并发症发生率(9.6%)、肾盂分离减少值[(16.4±9.6)mm]、肾小球滤过率增加值[(10.3±2.7)mL/min]与小切口手术组[8.3%、(17.3±8.2)mm、(9.6±3.6)mL/min]比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论腹腔镜辅助体外肾盂成形术治疗婴儿期先天性肾积水可达到与小切口肾盂成形术相同效果,患儿术后恢复快、住院时间短。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Modified micro-superior percutaneously-assisted total hip: early experiences & case reports

Because of the extensile nature and familiarity of the standard posterior-lateral approach to the hip, a family of "micro-posterior" approaches has been developed. This family includes the Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (PATH) approach, the Supercapsular (SuperCap) approach and a newer hybrid approach, the Supercapsular Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (SuperPATH) approach. Such approaches should ideally provide a continuum for the surgeon: from a "micro" (external rotator sparing) posterior approach, to a "mini" (external rotator sacrificing) posterior approach, to a standard posterior approach. This could keep a surgeon within his comfort zone during the learning curve of the procedure, while leaving options for complicated reconstructions for the more practiced micro-posterior surgeons. This paper details one author's experiences utilizing this combined approach, as well as permutations of this entire micro-posterior family of approaches as applied to more complex hip reconstructions.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.