经鼻内镜压榨法处理泡状中鼻甲42例分析

目的探讨鼻内窥镜手术处理泡状中鼻甲的方法及其同预后的关系。方法 18例双侧病变者一侧行泡状中鼻甲外侧半切除术,对侧行泡状中鼻甲压榨术,另外24例单侧泡状中鼻甲者均行泡状中鼻甲压榨术。观察两种处理方法术后创面上皮化完成时间及中鼻道敞开情况。结果术后创面上皮化完成时间:单纯中鼻甲外侧半切除侧为15～29周,4例中鼻甲粘连。压榨法保留了中鼻甲黏膜,无需经历上皮化过程,0.5 a后观察中鼻道,均敞开较好,无粘连。结论鼻内镜手术中泡状中鼻甲行压榨处理,操作简单,无明显出血,保护中鼻甲黏膜,加速术后鼻腔黏膜恢复,防止鼻腔粘连。     

鼻内窥镜手术中避免窥口鼻道复合体粘连和闭塞的认识

目的：探讨鼻内窥镜手术中窥口鼻道复合体粘连和闭塞的原因和防治方法。方法：对本科完成的鼻内窥镜手术266例511例，进行随访检查，重点观察窦口鼻道复合体粘连和闭塞的情况。结果：术后出现术腔粘连124侧，其中中鼻甲与鼻腔外侧壁粘连106侧，中鼻甲与下鼻甲粘连65例；发现术腔闭塞62例。结论：窦口鼻道复合体粘连和闭塞的主要原因是钩突切除不完整、过份强调保留病变的中鼻甲和过多地损伤中鼻甲基板以及术后未能在鼻内窥镜下及时清除术腔复发的病变组织。     

鼻内窥镜下鼻中隔偏曲伴对侧下鼻甲肥大的手术治疗

目的：探讨鼻内窥镜下鼻中隔偏曲伴对侧下鼻甲肥大的手术治疗效果。方法：对56例鼻中隔偏曲伴对侧下鼻甲肥大患者经鼻内窥镜下行鼻中隔矫正术加对侧肥大下鼻甲成形术。结果：56例患者均痊愈，无并发症发生。结论：鼻中隔偏曲伴对侧下鼻甲肥大患者在行鼻中隔矫正术时必须同时行对侧下鼻甲成形术，在鼻内窥镜下手术疗效更好。     

鼻内窥镜手术保留与切除中鼻甲疗效观察

目的：探讨内窥镜鼻窦术中保留中鼻甲与部分切除中鼻甲的预后与转归。方法：收集Ⅰ型三期鼻窦炎患者98例与Ⅱ型三期鼻窦炎患者70例。其中双侧保留者共76例。一侧保留者共28例，双侧部分切除者共64例。统计保留侧与切除侧术腔粘连的发生率及术腔完全上皮化的时间。结果：中鼻甲保留侧与切除侧术腔粘连的发生率及术腔完全上皮化的时间无显著性差异。结论：内窥镜鼻窦术中鼻甲保留与否，应以是否有利于中鼻道的通气引流为原则，过分强调保留或切除中鼻甲无实际意义。     

鼻内镜术后中鼻甲漂移现象的初步观察

目的探讨鼻内镜术后发生中鼻甲漂移的原因。方法回顾分析2005年1月至12月经鼻内镜手术的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉203例（391侧）的临床资料,以随访过程中发现中鼻甲与外侧壁粘连或中鼻甲与鼻腔外侧壁和中鼻甲游离缘与下鼻甲顶间距小于2 mm者判断为中鼻甲漂移。结果本组发生中鼻甲漂移42侧,总发生率为10.7%,因中鼻甲与鼻腔外侧壁粘连所致者有26侧,前部粘连16侧,后部粘连3侧,前后部均有粘连7侧;因中鼻甲与鼻腔外侧壁和中鼻甲游离缘与下鼻甲顶间距小于2 mm者有16例。结论中鼻甲支撑体的破坏是中鼻甲漂移的根本原因,术腔瘢痕增生导致中鼻甲牵拉外移甚至与外侧壁粘连是漂移的直接原因,术后填塞不当亦可发生中鼻甲漂移。     

内窥镜鼻窦手术的临床体会

目的：稳妥开展内窥镜鼻窦手术,减少术中,术后并发症,方法;分析６０例（１１３侧）因慢性鼻窦炎,鼻息肉而施行鼻内窥窦手术的临床资料。结果：术中出现脑脊液鼻漏１例（１侧）眶周淤斑２例（２侧）中鼻甲与鼻中隔粘连１０（２０侧）女性月经前后手术出血与麻醉方式有关,结论：加强鼻内窥镜手术操作训练,术前对病变性质,范围和手术方法,程度作出充分的评估,可预防,减少并发症的发生。     

鼻内镜手术635例术后鼻腔粘连分析

目的 探讨慢性鼻窦炎鼻窦内窥镜手术后鼻腔粘连的原因及处理方法.方法 参照Messerklinger鼻内镜手术方法,行鼻内镜手术635例,术后定期随访1 a以上.结果 术后发生鼻腔粘连45例,其中7例双侧粘连.结论 术中对中鼻甲、下鼻甲适当处理,矫正鼻中隔偏曲,减少术中鼻腔黏膜损伤,有助于减少术后粘连,提高手术效果.     

鼻内镜术后鼻腔粘连的临床分析

目的探讨鼻内镜术后鼻腔粘连的原因及处理措施。方法对496例患者(704侧)施行鼻内镜手术后发生鼻腔粘连46侧进行分析。结果中鼻甲与鼻腔外侧壁粘连21侧,上颌窦口封闭18侧,中鼻甲与鼻中隔粘连5侧,下鼻甲与鼻中隔粘连2侧。结论加强围手术期治疗,认真的术前准备,准确、轻柔、熟练的手术操作,术后定期随访,及时清理术腔及综合治疗,是防止鼻腔粘连的重要因素。     

鼻内窥镜下鼻窦鼻息肉手术60例疗效观察

目的 观察鼻内窥镜下鼻窦鼻息肉手术治疗的效果.方法 对60例(107侧)慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者行鼻内窥镜下手术,术后随访1年.结果 治愈39例(65.0%),好转16例(26.7%),无效5例(8.3%).总有效率91.7%.术后并发症主要为鼻腔粘连.结论 鼻内窥镜下鼻窦鼻息肉手术治疗具有良好的疗效,术中正确处理中、下鼻甲及鼻中隔,术后定期随访可提高治愈率,减少并发症.     

观察功能性鼻内窥镜术后术腔粘膜转归过程

目的观察90例功能性鼻内窥镜术后术腔粘膜转归过程。方法90例手术后第2天进行术腔冲洗。10d内内窥镜下清理术腔，1-8周每周冲洗1次，9-16周每2周冲洗1次，根据具体情况，进行清除囊泡和肉芽，分离粘连，观察上皮化完成的时间。结果术腔清洁时间第2周内达76例。囊泡、肉芽、息肉出现时间3—4周达42例，术腔完全上皮化时间多数在9-12周达37例。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.