我国口腔专业护理教育现状和展望

回顾了我国口腔专业护理教育与认证现状,包括教育体系不健全和专业认证缺失等;在此基础上提出了发展方向,包括发展多种形式的口腔专业护理教育、建立专科认证体系以提高口腔专业护理质量、扩大服务范围等。     

美国重症护理学会护患协同模式简介及启示

提高护士能力、合理有效配置医疗资源、改善患者照护结局一直是临床护理管理和护理研究的热点和难点。为了合理分配人力资源、更好地提高护士能力以满足患者的需求,美国重症护理学会(AmericanAssociationofCriticalCareNurses,AACN)于1996年发展出了护患协同模式(SynergyModel)。该模式早期主要应用于AACN的ICU专科护士认证项目,通过ICU专科护士认证实现ICU护理人力资源的有效配置来满足患者及家属的需求;目前逐渐从专注于护士的能力评估发展为"护士胜任力"框架。该模式的核心思想为患者需求推动照护患者所需的护士能力的发展。该模式除了应用于美国的医院、病房、海外驻军医疗机构等,在指导危重患者转运、评估ICU患者病情严重程度和需求、磁性医院认证等领域也得到了广泛应用。本文通过介绍AACN护患协同模式的产生背景,以及其在临床实践、护理管理、护理教育等领域的应用,为发展符合我国护理工作发展和患者需求的护理模式提供参考。     

基于国际化护理人才培养的《成人护理(内科)》课程改革研究

随着我国教育部考试中心引进美国CGFNS国际护士资格认证标准考试,标志着中国护理行业及护理教育与国际接轨已势在必行.《成人护理(内科)》是护理专业课时最多、授课时间最长、学分最高的专业必修课,教学效果将直接影响培养护生的综合能力和专业水平.为了适应国际化护理人才的培养模式要求,我们在制订2013培养方案过程中,运用国际化的护理教育理念,对《成人护理(内科)》教学、实验大纲进行了较大层面的改革,优化教学内容,改革教学方法和教学评价.通过双语教学、学生协同式自主学习和高仿真模拟人的综合实验技能训练,预期使我们培养的护生在外语应用、沟通协作、评判性思维及主动学习等各方面的能力满足国际化护理人才培养的要求.     

英国眼科专科护士的教育、工作模式及对我国眼科护理发展的启示

对英国的眼科护理教育和眼科专科护士的培养模式、眼科临床护理工作内容、眼科护理专家的发展以及眼科护士在全民眼健康中发挥的作用等方面进行了阐述;认为必须改变我国眼科护士的培训模式,尽快建立眼科专科护士制度,明确眼科专科护士的临床实践范围和权限,大力推动眼科护理专家的培养和认证工作,以更好地提高我国眼科护士的专业能力,促进眼科护理学的发展.     

眼科护理专业的自主性发展与影响因素及对策

1 眼科护理在自主发展中的专业地位 专业自主性是指个人有权利自由的独立作业,且能对自己的行为有所说明,负完全责任 [1].专业允许实务上有自主性.眼科护理专业经过长期的自主性发展历程,基本上已趋于完善.眼科护理人员在具有一定专业水平的基础上不断完善自己,不断掌握必要的技能,使护士与其它领域的专业人员以及有关人员明确分工,逐步体现了护理的独立性和自主性护理人员具有主动的、独立的解决专业范围内所有问题的能力,并能针对出现问题果断作出决策,采取措施.随着护理学的临床实践与理论研究的发展以及护理模式由疾病护理模式和向整体护理模式的变革,全国新建眼科医院的掘起,使眼科护理专业的自主性实践范围不断扩大,从医院走向社区,走向防盲,走向独立的个体开业,融入了社会市场经济.眼科护理专业精致的自主性发展稳定了护理的专业地位,同时也提高了眼科护理的社会地位.     

肿瘤护理专家认证OCNS在日本的发展

本文总结了日本肿瘤护理专家认证（OCNS：Oncology Certified Nurse Specialist）的发展过程,以及目前的护理教育趋势。自1995年护理专家认证授予系统实行以来,日本目前有两百多名肿瘤护理专家在临床服务。护理专家认证系统主要有3个组织维持运行,包括肿瘤护理专家认证审核委员会、大学护理协会以及肿瘤护理专家认证协会。三个组织共同协作,对维持高水平的肿瘤护理专家认证起着非常重要的作用。肿瘤护理专家认证的发展促进了临床护理效率,也促进了不同专业协作研究和发展。认证系统的不断成熟有利于发展中的肿瘤护理革新。     

社区专科护士培训现状及研究进展

目的梳理国外及中国大陆和中国香港、中国台湾等地区社区专科护士的培训现状,为国内护理管理者和政策制定者提供参考。方法检索国内外相关组织、学校网站,以及社区专科护士培训的相关文献,从专业领域、准入标准、培训内容、培训方式、资格认证5个角度进行综述。结果国外及中国香港、中国台湾地区社区专科护士培训体系完善,专业领域划分明确,且采用分层培训制度;准入标准严格;培训内容紧扣其核心能力;培训方式上,将高校研究生教育与社区专科护士培训结合,强调多团队合作模式的护理实践;且有统一的资格认证标准。结论结合中国国情,可考虑进一步明确社区专科护士专科领域,制定统一的准入标准、培训大纲以及资格认证制度,实现部分高校研究生教育与社区专科护士培训结合。     

微课结合翻转课堂在护理解剖学中的应用

介绍微课结合翻转课堂教学模式的概念、特点及其在护理解剖学中的应用,指出建设符合护理专业发展的、微课结合翻转课堂教学模式将对护理专业具有重要意义。提示教育者在今后的实践中应大力开展微课结合翻转课堂教学模式在护理解剖学中的应用,为其在我国的实证研究提供证据。     

循证护理在护理教学中的运用现状

循证护理是随着循证医学的发展而出现的新兴领域,综述了循证护理产生的历史背景和循证护理引入护理教学的必要性及循证护理在护理教学中的应用现状,指出护理教育要想适应循证护理的发展,必须加强院校投资,进行专业教师培训,培养学生循证思维和循证实践能力,提高护理质量。     

亚专业化护理模式对护士核心能力的影响

目的探讨亚专业化护理模式对护士核心能力的影响,分析和评价新模式的临床应用效果。方法采用“注册护士核心能力量表”评估我科31名护士在亚专业护理模式实施前后核心能力的情况,使用SPSS13．0统计学软件进行配对t检验,以分析护士核心能力的差异,评价新模式的临床应用效果。结果亚专业护理模式前后我科护士核心能力总分差异有显著意义（P=0．004）;批判性思维／科研、临床护理、领导能力、人际关系、专业发展及教育／咨询等各个能力得分的差异有显著意义（P〈0．05）,法律／伦理能力得分的差异无显著意义（P=0．173）。结论亚专业化护理模式促进了护士核心能力的培养,改进了科室医疗护理质量。     

护理学本科专业认证的发展现状

护理学本科专业认证是保障高等护理教育质量的重要措施。本文对国内外护理学教育标准的发展及现状、护理学教育标准的内容、护理学本科专业认证的发展及现状进行综述,为规范我国护理学本科教育、推广我国护理学本科专业认证工作提供依据。     

美国高级助产护士的发展现状及启示

高级助产护士为获得研究生学位并在助产士教育和认证之前接受过护理培训的助产士,属于高级实践护士的一种。该文对美国高级助产护士的起源与定义、教育水平、核心能力、认证要求、实践范围、对产妇及新生儿的影响进行综述,分析高级助产护士在我国发展遇到的挑战,旨在为我国高级助产护士的发展提供借鉴。     

Madagascar nursing needs assessment: education and development of the profession

Purpose: To address how Madagascar is improving nursing education and the profession to strengthen their nursing workforce. Background: The sub‐Saharan Africa nursing workforce shortage is more than 600 000. Madagascar measures among affected countries. Nursing in Madagascar with reference to the Malagasy Lutheran Church Health Department (SALFA) is examined in this paper. The Malagasy Lutheran Nursing School (SEFAM) was established in 1956 to prepare nurses and midwives. The school recently relocated to better meet SALFA goals to increase nurses in the system and improve nursing education. A US nursing faculty and the SEFAM director proposed to conduct programme assessment to ensure that nursing and midwifery education meet health, social and community needs in Madagascar. Data source/methods: An in‐depth needs assessment of the school programme, facilities and resources occurred. Site visits and informal interviews were held. Field study visits to nursing schools and health‐care facilities in Kenya and Tanzania assisted the authors in learning how nursing developed in those countries. Data analysis included comparison of the authors' comprehensive notes for congruity and accuracy. Outcomes: Strategies are needed to support and maintain quality education, improve quality and quantity of nursing care services in hospitals and dispensaries, and improve conditions for nurses and other health‐care workers. Compared with Madagascar, Kenya and Tanzania have more well‐developed systems of nursing education and professional development. Limitations: There were limited written sources for some information but methods, such as verbal accounts, compensated for this limitation. Implications/conclusions: Implications include advantages, disadvantages, facilitators and barriers to nursing educational and professional development in Madagascar. Development of nursing education, regulation and the profession will continue with support from key stakeholders. Kenya and Tanzania can serve as role models for Madagascar nurses. Countries with similar nursing education and professional development issues can be informed by lessons learned in this project.     

我国部分地区医院护理员队伍现状调查

目的探讨医院护理员的发展现状,为完善护理员职业规范化管理提供依据。方法采用问卷调查法,对天津市、南京市、长沙市和重庆市的8家三级甲等医院、2家二级甲等医院共538名护理员的社会人口学特征、教育培训、待遇保障、工作情况和满意度进行现状调查,使用SPSS17．0软件对收集的数据进行统计分析。结果本次调查的538名护理员中,女性占87．9％,年龄40～49岁的占53．0％,来自农村的占78．3％,初中及以下学历占73．6％;护理员的持证率为15．1％,参加过岗前培训的占96．5％,参加过职业资格培训的占31．4％,平均月收入为1902．5元,享有五险一金仅占9．8％,单日平均工作时间〉8h的占41．4％;护理员工作内容比例最高的是对床单位及个人用物进行整理及更换占92．3％,最低的工作内容是测量腋下体温占26．3％;50．3％的护理员有过转行或转岗的想法,对收入和福利的满意度只有43．1％,亲朋好友对护理员职业表示一般或者不认同的占50．8％。结论护理员以中年女性为主,文化素质不高,专业培训少,收入水平低,工作强度大,服务范围局限,队伍稳定性和职业认同度较差。     

国内外医学专业认证的现状及发展

本文综述了国内外医学认证的目的和意义、发展历程、认证标准及其对医学教育质量的保障机制,分析国内专业认证存在的问题及发展方向,以期为保障我国高等医学教育质量和完善我国教育领域专业认证提供借鉴。     

The relationship of nurses' professional characteristics to levels of clinical nursing expertise

Many hospitals are searching for guidelines for professional practice models, which are a requirement for Magnet recognition. This study was undertaken to determine the professional nursing characteristics that may contribute to the development of clinical nursing expertise. Experience as an RN was found to be highly correlated with initial level of expertise. Educational preparation and certification were not correlated with expertise. This research suggests that nurses may require more on-the-job experience for the development of clinical nursing expertise than what has been reported in the literature.     

Teaching psychology to nursing students-a discussion of the potential contribution of psychology towards building resilience to lapses in compassionate caring

Psychology is a required element in nursing education in many countries. It is particularly aimed at teaching nursing students to get a better understanding of patients, colleagues, health care organizations and themselves, and moreover to apply what they learn about psychology to optimise their care. A meaningful integration of psychology within nursing education requires an emphasis on its application in understanding aspects of care and skills development. However, its ultimate value is demonstrated when addressing problem areas in nursing and health care. In this paper the authors outline an approach to psychology education in nursing which emphasises its development as a problem solving support. An example is presented which focuses on the application of psychology to the challenge of care erosion and deficient critical nursing reflection. The discussion includes the organisational context, social pressure, social cognition, reflection and the role of inner conflict (cognitive dissonance). Nursing educators can contribute to the prevention of care erosion by a combined effort to teach awareness of psychological mechanisms, ‘critical’ reflection, mastery in practice, strong values and standards, and ‘inoculation’ against justifications of substandard care.     

护理学专业试认证的过程与启示

专业认证是保证与提高人才培养质量的重要方式,通过开展护理学专业认证,可规范我国护理学专业的办学过程和条件,确保护理学专业人才的培养质量。文章介绍了我院接受护理学专业试认证工作的过程、体会和建议,为进一步推动认证工作的有效开展提供依据。     

Nursing education and practice in a changing environment: The case of Greece

The importance of education in the development of nursing as a profession and as a science has been emphasized over the last decade. Therefore, this article aims to highlight the current situation of undergraduate and postgraduate nursing education in Greece and to propose directions for its improvement.Undergraduate nursing education in Greece is two dimensional. Prospective students can obtain a degree as a registered nurse through both university-based degree studies and Technological Educational Institute (TEI) studies that differ significantly in both the provision of clinical experience and theoretical background due to their different course curricula and teaching staff. University graduates are provided with a better theoretical background while TEI graduates are usually better in clinically skills, even though both programmes lead to professional registration and are in accordance with European Union directives. Postgraduate studies in nursing science are mainly organized by the University of Athens, but recently joint postgraduate degrees of other university departments and TEIs, are possible.Changes that will lead to one common undergraduate nursing education leading to registration as a registered nurse, and organized in such a way that will reduce the gap between theory and practice is a proposal that is gradually gaining acceptance by the profession. However, the development of a single nursing degree in Greece is complex, and close cooperation between the government and the professional authorities is essential.     

Among nurses,how does education level impact professional values? A systematic review

Background

Professional nursing values have been acknowledged globally as the foundation of daily nursing care practice. Understanding how nurses identify, comprehend and apply their professional nursing values is an important step towards improving nursing practice and patient care quality. Research has demonstrated that nurses' professional values are cultivated during prelicensure academic education.

Aim

The aim of this systematic review was to determine how level of education affects professional nursing values of clinical practising nurses.

Methods

A systematic search of quantitative research published through December 2015 was performed in the following five electronic databases: CINAHL, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Religion and Philosophy Collection. The search was not limited to country of origin. The studies were assessed for methodological quality using established criteria.

Results

Of 1501 articles identified through the literature search, only seven studies met the inclusion criteria with the majority being of good to high quality. Most of the studies found registered nurses pursuing a bachelor of science in nursing or higher had a greater awareness and application of professional values than nurses with lower levels of academic or non‐academic education. Nurses with higher education also embraced professional values as fundamental for quality nursing care practice.

Implications for nursing and health policy

Health and academic institutions should support nurses through quality continuing and higher education that reinforces professional values, thus improving the quality of patient care.

Conclusions

The level of nurses' education appears to play an important role in developing both an awareness and an integration of professional values into practice. More research is needed to discover methods that may be used to promote nurses' professional values among nurses already practising clinically.