引发老年患者睡眠障碍的因素与护理对策

睡眠是一种重要的生理现象 ,它占去了人生约 1/ 3的时间。睡眠对人的体力、精力的恢复和机体的生长发育等具有重要作用 ,失眠作为一种正常的睡眠障碍 ,给不少患者的身心带来困扰 ,它使人的重要节律紊乱 ,活动能力降低[1] 。严重者将导致中枢神经系统活动失调 ,对人们的身心健康危害极大 ,有调查表明美国成人中 5 2 .3 %有睡眠障碍 ,在日本全国人口中服用催眠药物者占 10 % ,因此 ,满足病人休息与睡眠的要求 ,对维持生命活动 ,促进身体健康具有重要意义 ,同时也是护理工作者的一项基本职责。现将 6 2例老年病人睡眠障碍的护理报告如下。1　临…     

呼吸科住院患者睡眠质量影响因素及护理对策

睡眠是休息的一种形式,是维持生命活动必需的生理现象[1]。通过睡眠可以使人的精力和体力得到恢复,保持良好的觉醒状态[2]。国外曾有人做过实验,发现长期失眠会引起类似精神病患者的症状,失眠还会降低人体免疫力,引起内分泌紊乱,过早衰老。失眠可使人体的生物钟改变,活动能力下降。     

脑卒中患者睡眠障碍的护理干预

睡眠障碍是指睡眠的数量、质量或时间发生紊乱,包括失眠、过度睡眠和异相睡眠[1]。良好的睡眠不仅是一种生理需要,更是一种维持生命必须的能力来源。而国内外很多研究表明脑卒中患者由于各种因素的影响,睡眠障碍的发病率很高,约80%～95%[2-4]。睡眠障碍不仅直接或间接影响人的免疫     

重症监护室患者睡眠障碍相关因素与护理进展

睡眠是人的基本生理需要,是维持生命活动不可缺乏的环节,也是患者康复的重要环节[1]。高达56%的患者在住院期间存在睡眠障碍,在重症监护室(ICU)患者中更为普遍,主要包括失眠、入睡困难、早醒和继睡困难等[2]。睡眠障碍会影响患者各脏器生理     

改善睡眠障碍的非药物治疗和护理进展

睡眠障碍是失眠症的主要表现,可为初段失眠(入睡困难)、中段失眠(睡眠浅、易醒)、末段失眠(早醒),也可为多梦、恶梦、无睡眠感、睡后不解乏等,上诉症状亦可混合存在[1]。睡眠障碍达到一定程度(每周至少3次,并持续1个月以上,精神活动效率下降,妨碍社会功能等)即可诊断为失眠症。李建明等[2]通过对13273名正常人进行睡眠状况评估认为,45.6%的人存在不同程度的睡眠障碍。对于内科住院患者的睡眠状况,余红艳等[3]采用睡眠状况自评量表(SRSS)得出76.67%的患者有睡眠问题,而程利萍等[4]采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)测得的比率为63.6%。说明住…     

疗养员睡眠质量与景观疗养干预的研究进展

睡眠是人类生命活动的重要组成部分,与生活质量密切相关。良好的睡眠被认为具有促进疾病康复的作用。调查显示,43.4%的中国人在过去的1年内曾有过不同程度的失眠。因睡眠问题带来的个人生活质量下降、健康危害、医疗费用增加及工作效率低下已成为许多国家日益关注的公共卫生问题。目前多项研究已经证实,景观疗养对于改善睡眠质量具有显著效用。本文就疗养员睡眠质量     

复旦大学基础医学院睡眠实验室介绍

<正>人生的1/3在睡眠中度过。对生命而言,睡眠和水、空气、食物一样重要。随着工业化进程加快、工作压力及社会竞争加剧、夜生活及不良生活习惯和人口老龄化等原因,全球约1/3的人有睡眠问题,5%的人依靠药物维持着低质量的睡眠,由于睡眠与失眠机制未明,临床治疗缺乏有效对策。睡眠障碍已成为严重的社会和医学问题。二十多年前,由于受到科学评价动物睡眠行为方法学的限制,睡眠科学的发展相对滞后。     

住院病人睡眠质量的影响因素及护理

据报道,15%～30%的成人中有不同程度的入睡、再入睡困难及早醒等睡眠质量问题[1].失眠使人的生理节律紊乱,活动能力降低[2].     

以劳宫穴按摩涌泉穴对失眠病人睡眠质量的影响

失眠通常是指睡眠的开始和睡眠质量的维持发生障碍。失眠对人们的生活质量和工作都有影响,使人们的身心都处于非健康状态,失眠影响的人群非常广泛。本研究通过护理干预,对失眠病人进行健康宣教,指导并教会病人运用劳宫摩涌泉的方法,用多导睡眠监测图(PSG)的监测结果为客观指标,科学地观察失眠病人的睡眠结构及其临床效果。1资料与方法     

多导睡眠脑电图的监测及其护理

有研究[1]表明,在我国普通人群中有45.4%的人存在不同程度的失眠。多导睡眠脑电图(polysomnography,PSG)被认为是睡眠检测的"金标准",它可对睡眠障碍作出全面评定[2]。PSG可记录睡眠     

Sleep and epilepsy

The frequency of epileptiform discharges shows a wide intraindividual variability; it is influenced by the sleep-waking cycle and by the different stages of sleep: generalized seizures (tonic-clonic, tonic and myoclonic) are activated in nonrapid eye movement sleep, partial seizures tend to have more complex relationships with sleep states. Generally, sleep stages I and II and transit stages have an activating effect on discharges. Rapid eye movement sleep has an "anticonvulsive" effect and focalizes paroxysmal activity. Sleep recordings are useful for localizing a focus in temporal lobe seizures and for differentiation of epileptic seizures from non-epileptic seizure-like sleep disturbances. EEG after sleep deprivation should be used in patients suspected of suffering from epilepsy whose prior EEGs (including hyperventilation, photic stimulation and short sleep) were normal or yielded borderline abnormalities. Epileptiform discharges can--without clinical seizures--produce arousal reactions and sleep disturbances.     

Headache and Sleep

Many patients with headache disorders have coexisting sleep difficulties. As both conditions are relatively common, they could potentially be present simultaneously, even if unrelated. However, there is evidence that a comorbid association between headache and sleep disorders exists.     

Sleep and aging

Synthesis of studies of sleep and aging show major increases occur in nighttime awakening and major decreases occur in sleep depth over the life span. Fatigue and drowsiness during the day, with increased napping, and earlier bedtimes, are also prevalent in the elderly. Interventions that impact these sleep variables, as well as sleep variables that change less dramatically, are needed. All indications are that the promotion of restorative sleep and daytime well-being in older adults will continue to be an important part of nursing practice affecting even more people as the population ages. Although nurses have only begun to identify and study interventions that promote sleep in nursing environments, nursing is in a position to make major contributions to the health and well-being of older adults who experience sleep disruption, especially sleep disruptions secondary to illness and aging.     

Sleep and menopause

Many midlife women obtain inadequate sleep, and sleep problems are common during the menopause transition. This article reviews the research literature on sleep and sleep disorders during menopause. Few studies have included subjective and objective measures of sleep quality or studied women during different menopause stages. Potential mechanisms associated with the emergence of insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing during menopause are discussed along with effects of estrogen and progesterone on sleep. It is argued that sleep quality is an important determinant of health status and quality of life for women during and beyond menopause.     

Sleep and epilepsy

Sleep has a marked influence on local epileptogenicity. Sleep deprivation appears to have an independent activating effect. It is effective in provoking spike-wave paroxysms in primary generalized epilepsy. Sleep recordings help in differentiating between partial and generalized epilepsies. Anterior temporal lobe discharges and partial seizures are facilitated by non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, which also has a facilitatory effect on generalized discharges. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep may activate frontal lobe, amygdaloid and supplementary motor area seizures, whereas it de-activates partial seizures from other regions, often revealing an occult focus. REM sleep also deactivates generalized seizures. Specific epileptic syndromes are related to the sleep-wakening cycle, i.e. Rolandic epilepsy, other benign partial epilepsies in childhood, and awakening epilepsy. Patients with an uncertain or unknown type of epilepsy should always be examined with routine electroencephalography (EEG) recording, sleep deprivation and spontaneous or sedated sleep recordings.