射频热凝及冷冻治疗腰脊神经后支综合征

目的 观察射频热凝、冷冻及神经阻滞方法的临床疗效及并发症，探讨更安全有效的治疗措施。方法 腰脊神经后支综合征患者202例，按随机数字表分为3组，分别给予射频热凝、冷冻和常规神经阻滞治疗。结果 (1)视觉模拟评分(VAS)评估疼痛程度：治疗1周后射频热凝、冷冻组VAS评分较治疗前明显降低，分别为5．1&;#177;1．2，4．0&;#177;1．1，改善程度均优于神经阻滞组(t1=3．79，P&;lt;0．001；t2=3．42，P&;lt;0．001)；二组间VAS评分改善程度无显著性差异。(2)副反应：射频热凝组副反应发生率明显低于冷冻组和神经阻滞组。结论 射频热凝及冷冻治疗腰脊神经后支综合征，疗效确切，操作简单，并发症少。     

经皮射频热凝治疗慢性颈肩痛临床疗效的随机单盲对照

目的观察射频热凝通过神经阻滞来治疗疼痛的疗效,判定对颈椎关节突关节进行经皮射频热凝来治疗慢性颈肩痛的临床疗效。方法应用随机单盲对照的方法,对严格筛选2001-05/2002-05慢性颈肩痛患者50例随机分组后,对相应的支配关节突关节的颈神经后支进行经皮射频热凝治疗和安慰剂治疗,并应用VAS评分法进行疗效评定。结果应用射频热凝治疗射频组VAS评分5d22±11,2周20±14,6个月29±13;对照组5d64±23,2周66±24,6个月67±23,射频组疼痛缓解评分优于安慰剂对照组(t=8.23,8.51,7.40,P<0.001)。结论经皮射频热凝是治疗关节突关节源性颈肩痛安全有效。     

经皮射频热凝治疗慢性颈肩痛临床疗效的随机单盲对照

目的 观察射频热凝通过神经阻滞来治疗疼痛的疗效，判定对颈椎关节突关节进行经皮射频热凝来治疗慢性颈肩痛的临床疗效。方法 应用随机单盲对照的方法，对严格筛选2001-05/2002-05慢性颈肩痛患者50例随机分组后，对相应的支配关节突关节的颈神经后支进行经皮射频热凝治疗和安慰剂治疗，并应用VAS评分法进行疗效评定。结果 应用射频热凝治疗射频组VAS评分5d 22&;#177;11,2周20&;#177;14，6个月29&;#177;13；对照组5d64&;#177;23，2周66&;#177;24，6个月67&;#177;23，射频组疼痛缓解评分优于安慰剂对照组（t=8.23,8.51,7.40,P&;lt;0.001）。结论 经皮射频热凝是治疗关节突关节源性颈肩痛安全有效。     

射频热凝与痛点阻滞治疗肌筋膜炎临床疗效比较

目的:对比研究射频热凝与痛点阻滞治疗肌筋膜炎的临床疗效。方法:20例肌筋膜炎患者分为射频热凝组和痛点阻滞组(每组n=10)进行治疗。采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)记录患者治疗前,治疗后1周、1个月的疼痛评分,1个月后用VAS评价疼痛缓解优良率并观察副作用情况。结果:两组患者在治疗后均产生了良好的临床效果,与治疗前比较VAS评分显著下降(P<0.01)。两组患者在治疗前VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但在治疗后1周,痛点阻滞组VAS评分低于射频热凝组(P<0.01);而在治疗后1个月,射频热凝组VAS评分低于痛点阻滞组(P<0.01),两组在疼痛缓解优良率上无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:射频热凝和痛点阻滞在治疗肌筋膜炎均产生了良好的临床效果,但射频热凝在治疗1个月后未见复发,疗效优于痛点阻滞。     

射频热凝与神经阻滞治疗颈神经后支源性慢性颈肩痛及头痛随机对照研究

目的比较射频热凝与神经阻滞治疗颈神经后支源性慢性颈肩痛及头痛的临床疗效。方法 2012年6月至2014年8月共89例确诊患者纳入研究,随机分为两组,观察组(46例)采用颈神经后支射频热凝治疗,对照组(43例)采用颈神经后支神经阻滞治疗,以视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估并纪录两组治疗前与治疗后1周、3个月、6个月、12个月、末次随访VAS评分,末次随访时按"划线法国际标准"比较两组疗效以及复发率。结果两组治疗后与治疗前VAS评分比较均明显下降,且观察组下降程度较对照组明显,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组疗效显著有效率为84.78%,对照组显著有效率为67.44%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);末次随访复发率,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于颈神经后支诱发慢性颈肩痛及头痛,神经阻滞以及脊神经后支介入射频热凝治疗均能取得良好的治疗效果;相比而言,射频热凝能够取得更满意的治疗效果,具有缓解时间长、可重复性特点。     

神经阻滞和偏振红外光治疗三叉神经痛的近期效果比较

目的通过对比观察单纯外周神经阻滞加偏振红外光照射患侧颈胸神经节治疗三叉神经痛近期效果,探讨不同方法治疗三叉神经痛的效果特征。方法38例三叉神经痛的患者,分为两组。A组(n=20)用20g/L利多卡因注射液5ml+维生素B120.5mg+生理盐水至10ml单纯外周神经阻滞治疗,间隔一两天重复1次,5次为1个疗程。B组(n=18)在上述阻滞后加偏振红外光照射患侧颈胸神经节,偏振红外光治疗功率60%～80%设置模式23,治疗时间10min。用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)于每次治疗前及治疗后10～15min对疼痛的程度进行评估。结果A组患者治疗前VAS为7.6±2.2,B组患者治疗前VAS为7.6±1.1,组间无明显差别(t=0.01,P>0.05)。每次阻滞前后疼痛明显减轻(t=15.48～43.71,P<0.001)。随着治疗次数的增加,疼痛逐渐减轻或消失。经过5次治疗后,A组VAS评分降为2.6±2.4,疼痛缓解率平均达到64%。B组VAS评分降为3.5±1.8,疼痛缓解率平均达到51%。每次治疗前后VAS的变化两组间比较无显著性差异。结论外周神经阻滞治疗三叉神经痛有效。三叉神经阻滞配伍同侧颈胸神经节偏振红外光照射没有显示出优越的近期镇痛效果。     

针刀治疗第三腰椎横突综合征:随机对照观察

目的:探讨针刀对第三腰椎横突综合征的治疗效果。方法:将第三腰椎横突综合征患者180例按区组随机法分为针刀治疗组、阻滞组及针刺对照组,分别进行针刀、阻滞及针刺治疗。治疗前、后分别按“腰椎疾患治疗成绩评分表”评分,对测评结果进行统计学分析。结果:治疗前后成绩评分,针刀组治疗前(9.6±2.7)分,治疗后(23.0±5.7)分,改善指数0.56±0.61;阻滞组治疗前(9.9±2.8)分,治疗后(15.1±7.1)分,改善指数0.33±0.27;针刺组治疗前(9.7±2.9)分,治疗后(13.2±6.5)分,改善指数0.24±0.21。3组治疗前后评分,针刀治疗组优于阻滞及针刺对照组(P<0.001,t=18.32,5.65,4.21);3组疗效比较,针刀治疗组明显优于阻滞及针刺对照组(P<0.01,χ2=38.1,41.1);3组治疗后评分均比治疗前分值差异有显著性意义(P<0.001,t=6.39,11.85)。结论:与阻滞、针刺治疗组相比,针刀是保守治疗第三腰椎横突综合征值得采用的有效方法之一。     

射频热凝加小针刀松解治疗腰骶部疼痛与单一方法的比较

目的探讨行脊神经后支射频热凝加腰三横突小针刀松解在腰骶部疼痛治疗中的疗效,并与单一方法对比。方法80例患者分为A组(单纯神经阻滞),B组(神经阻滞+小针刀松解术),C组(神经阻滞+射频治疗),D组(神经阻滞+小针刀松解术+射频治疗),每组20例。根据腰椎正侧位片,采用双侧椎弓根测量定位法,分别标志患侧第三腰椎横突尖部及脊神经后支相应的邵氏压痛点在体表的定位。腰三横突尖部行针刀松解;脊神经后支感觉、运动定位测定后,给予80℃、60s的射频治疗,共2个射频周期。观察视觉模拟评分法(VAS),记录治疗前、治疗后即时、24h,2周:静止VAS、运动VAS、腰三横突压痛VAS、邵氏点压痛VAS。组间比较用完全随机设计的方差分析,两两比较用SNK-q检验。结果D组在24h、2周与A、B、C组的比较P<0.05差异有统计学意义;B组在腰三横突压痛VAS与A组的比较P<0.05差异有统计学意义;C组与A组在邵氏点压痛VAS的比较P<0.05有统计学意义。结论慢性腰骶部疼痛,在诊断明确时,治疗上利用射频热凝加针刀松解联合施治,较单一方法好。     

热凝与无水乙醇注射治疗三叉神经痛的效果比较

目的观察热凝治疗三叉神经痛的疗效及副作用,并与无水乙醇治疗的效果相比较。方法选择30例三叉神经痛患者,经药物控制无效者。分为两组,每组15例。A组,在三叉神经的神经干走行处注射无水乙醇0.3mL。B组,在三叉神经的神经干走行处用RCG-3F(美国产)进行射频热凝治疗70,75,80,85℃各1次,90s/次。术后1周观察患者疼痛缓解程度(VAS法),随访其疼痛缓解时间、面部麻木感恢复时间。结果术后1周B组患者疼痛缓解程度(0.2±0.1)分,A组(1.5±0.6)分,与A组比差异有非常显著性意义(t=7.056,P<0.01),B组患者疼痛缓解时间(7.8±0.5)个月,A组(5.3±0.8)个月,与A组比差异有显著性意义(t=2.328,P<0.05),B组患者面部麻木感恢复时间(2.5±0.3)个月,明显快于A组(5.8±0.9)个月,与A组比差异有非常显著性意义(t=3.782,P<0.01)。结论热凝治疗三叉神经痛明显优于无水乙醇注射法。     

经皮靶点射频加双针穿刺穿通式臭氧注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床研究

摘要 目的：探讨经皮靶点射频热凝结合穿通式臭氧注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。 方法：118例腰椎间盘突出症患者,随机分为A组(60例)和B组（58例),所有患者均采用经小关节内侧缘入路以及安全三角入路分别进行穿刺,穿刺成功后A组接受靶点射频热凝结合穿通式臭氧注射治疗,B组接受单纯靶点射频热凝治疗。分别于治疗后72 h、1个月、3个月对两组患者进行疗效评价随访。 结果：所有患者都穿刺成功,两组患者治疗后72h、1个月、3个月VAS评分均明显低于治疗前(P<0.05);治疗后1、3个月A组患者的VAS评分分别为2.3±1.5和2.4±1.6,B组分别为3.7±2.4和4.3±2.5 (P<0.05);治疗后1个月、3个月A组的优良率分别为86.7%和85.0%,B组为79.3%和63.8%,A组明显高于B组 (P<0.05)。 结论：CT引导下行靶点射频热凝加双针穿刺穿通式臭氧注射治疗组的疗效优于单纯靶点射频热凝组。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Clinical Trial Updates and Hotline Sessions presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007

This article provides information and commentaries on trials which were presented at the Hotline and Clinical Trial Update Sessions at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007 in Vienna. The key presentations were performed by leading experts in the field with relevant positions in the trials or registries. It is important to note that unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as the analysis may change in the final publications. The comprehensive summaries have been generated from the oral presentation and the webcasts of the European Society of Cardiology and should provide the readers with the most comprehensive information of relevant publications.     

Prospects for the control of neglected tropical diseases by mass drug administration

The prospects for the control of neglected tropical diseases, including soil-transmitted helminthiasis, shistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis and trachoma, through mass drug administration, are exemplified by the elimination of the trachoma as a public-health problem in Morocco. In spite of this and other striking successes, mass drug administration programs are faced with major challenges resulting from suboptimal coverage and lack of efficacy. At current suboptimal coverage rates, programs may need prolongation for an extended period, increasing costs and undermining sustainability. Community participation through health education and information appears to be crucial to improve coverage and to achieve sustainability. Implementation of complementary measures, such as vector control, improved hygiene and environmental sanitation, are important to further control transmission and to prevent re-emergence of the infection and, again, may only be achieved effectively through community-based initiatives. To reduce costs and to relieve pressure on the health system, combining neglected tropical disease programs in areas where diseases coexist and integration with existing control programs for malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS is advocated. The risk of developing drug resistance is of particular concern in view of the lack of alternative drugs, and reduced treatment efficacy due to emerging resistance is evident for the soil-transmitted helminths and onchocerciasis. Given the risk for the development of drug resistance and the need for a high degree of participation, close attention should be paid to the monitoring of the coverage and efficacy of the different program components.     

Balance and Boundaries in Grief Counseling: An Intervention Framework for Volunteer Training

Volunteers or paraprofessional counselors are commonly used to provide supportive care to the bereaved. These counselors generally are trained in basic listening skills, providing a generic, nonspecific approach to intervention that remains to be proven effective. The present paper outlines a framework that provides paraprofessionals with a broader model for intervention with the bereaved. Attention to boundaries as a helper and balance in the grief recovery are central to the model. Interventions are described that provide the paraprofessional counselor with more options for tailoring their counseling strategy to the individual. These include techniques that are presumed to be more specific to the enhancement of grief recovery.     

Bacterial meningitis: an update of new treatment options

The outcome of bacterial meningitis critically depends on the rapid initiation of bactericidal antibiotic therapy and adequate management of septic shock. In community-acquired meningitis, the choice of an optimum initial empirical antibiotic regimen depends on the regional resistance patterns. Pathogens resistant to antibacterials prevail in nosocomial bacterial meningitis. Dexamethasone is recommended as adjunctive therapy for community-acquired meningitis in developed countries. In comatose patients, aggressive measures to lower intracranial pressure <20 mmHg (in particular, external ventriculostomy, osmotherapy and temporary hyperventilation) were effective in a case–control study. Although many experimental approaches were protective in animal models, none of them has been proven effective in patients. Antibiotics, which are bactericidal but do not lyse bacteria, and inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases or complement factor C5 appear the most promising therapeutic options. At present, vaccination is the most efficient method to reduce disease burden. Palmitoylethanolamide appears promising to enhance the resistance of the brain to infections.     

A new method for the simultaneous analysis of unmodified and modified urinary nucleosides and nucleobases by high performance liquid chromatography

Details are given of a new, rapid and simple pre-fractionation method and an isocratic high performance liquid chromatography system suitable for parallel analysis of nucleosides and nucleobases from urine and other biological fluids. The quantitative recovery and excellent reproducibility of the method is demonstrated by analysis of representative standard RNA catabolites. The advantage of this new method for application to biological samples is discussed.