恶性雀斑样黑素瘤6例临床及组织病理学分析

目的:分析恶性雀斑样黑素瘤的临床和组织病理特点.方法:回顾性分析6例恶性雀斑样黑索瘤患者的临床和组织病理资料.结果:4例患者在老年期发病,其中1例患者有两处皮损,另2例患者在中青年期发病.所有皮损临床上均表现为面部直径较大的边界不规则、颜色不均的黑色斑片,有1例出现溃疡.皮损组织病理学检查:1例为浸润性黑素瘤,其余皮损均为原位黑素瘤.原位黑素瘤表现为表皮内不典型黑素细胞增生,细胞分布不均,有明显异形性,充分进展的皮损可形成小细胞巢.2例发病年龄较早的患者无明显胶原嗜碱性变,其余的组织病理学特征与发生在老年的恶性雀斑样痣无明显差异.免疫组化结果示所有皮损肿瘤细胞S-100蛋白和Melan-A均为阳性.结论:恶性雀斑样黑素瘤是一种老年人多发的多见于面部的黑素瘤,但也可见于中青年患者.其组织病理可表现为原位黑素瘤或浸润性黑素瘤.     

9例血管瘤样Spitz痣临床及组织病理分析

目的：分析血管瘤样Spitz痣的临床、组织病理和免疫组化特征。方法：回顾性分析2005年——2020年第四军医大学西京皮肤医院确诊的9例血管瘤样Spitz痣的临床和组织病理特点。结果：9例血管瘤样Spitz痣患者中男5例,女4例。组织病理表现为真皮内上皮样、梭形细胞或两者混合增生,散在或呈小巢状分布在增生的厚壁小血管周围及增粗的胶原纤维间,痣细胞间及血管周围可见较多的肥大细胞浸润。免疫组化显示增生的细胞均表达S-100蛋白、S-100A6蛋白和Melan-A,血管内皮细胞CD31阳性且平足蛋白（D2-40）阴性。结论：血管瘤样Spitz痣是Spitz痣罕见的组织亚型,其组织病理有一定特征性,应注意与血管肿瘤及退行期的恶性黑素瘤相鉴别。     

黑素瘤并发晕痣样色素减退斑

报告1例黑素瘤并发晕痣样色素减退斑.患者女,55岁.因左臀部黑色丘疹30余年,出现结节并逐渐增大和色素减退斑2年,破溃、结痂10个月就诊.皮肤科检查:左臀部-2 cm× 3 cm ×0.6 cm暗红色结节,表面破溃、结痂;结节周围绕以1-2 cm宽、边界清楚的色素脱失晕.皮损组织病理检查示真皮中上部境界清楚的肿瘤团块,由多数梭形细胞和部分上皮样细胞组成,免疫组化染色示S-100(+),HMB45(+).诊断为黑素瘤并发晕痣样色素减退斑.     

晕痣

晕痣以色素痣绕以圆形或椭圆形局限性色素减退为特征，中心痣大多是后天性痣细胞痣。CD8＆＋为主的T细胞清除痣细胞是发病机制中的关键环节。晕痣与白癜风、黑素瘤在抗原及免疫反应模式方面密切相关。尽管目前认为，对晕痣患者进行随访是最好的治疗策略，但手术切除有助于平息晕痣的免疫活动，因此对于单发皮损，手术切除也许更为合适。     

结缔组织增生性Spitz痣和色素性梭形细胞痣临床及组织病理学特征

目的:分析结缔组织增生性Spitz痣和色索性梭形细胞痣的临床及组织病理学特点.方法:回顾性分析确诊的8例结缔组织增生性Spitz痣和9例色素性梭形细胞痣患者的临床和组织病理学特征.结果:结缔组织增生性Spitz痣表现为梭形或上皮样痣细胞增生并伴有显著的胶原硬化和均质化,色素性梭形细胞痣表现为真、表皮交界处梭形细胞增生并伴有纤细的色素颗粒沉积.结论:结缔组织增生性Spitz痣和色素性梭形细胞痣是Spitz痣中较少见的特殊类型.其中色素性梭形细胞痣需要与黑素瘤相鉴别.     

皮肤激光共聚焦显微镜诊断和鉴别色素痣和黑素瘤评价北大核心CSCD

目的了解皮肤激光共聚焦显微镜(皮肤三维CT)观察不同类型色素痣和黑素瘤的镜像特征,为诊断和鉴别这两种疾病提供参考依据。方法皮肤激光共聚焦显微镜观察101例拟诊为色素痣患者的镜像特征,组织病理最终确诊,所有资料录入excel表,采用描述性研究方法分析结果。结果皮肤CT诊断不同类型色素痣99例,早期黑素瘤患者2例;组织病理确诊不同类型色素痣98例,早期黑素瘤患者3例。色素痣皮肤三维CT镜像特征主要为蜂窝状排列高折光物质(痣细胞巢)的规则性分布,表皮及真表皮交界处结构基本正常;早期黑素瘤皮肤三维CT镜像特征主要为较大且中央折光度稍低或者不规则树枝状突起的异形细胞的出现,表皮及真表皮处结构紊乱,真皮浅层可见炎症细胞浸润。结论规律分布的痣细胞巢以及不规则形态异性细胞是皮肤激光共聚焦显微镜早期鉴别色素痣和黑素瘤的重要特征。     

Spitz样肿瘤320例临床及组织病理分析

【摘要】 目的 总结Spitz样肿瘤的临床及组织病理特征。方法 回顾2005年1月至2020年1月西京皮肤医院确诊的320例Spitz样肿瘤患者的临床及病理资料。结果 320例患者中,男141例,女179例,年龄0 ~ 65（12.5 ± 11.7）岁,病程1个月至30年;其中,Spitz痣307例,不典型Spitz肿瘤（AST）8例,Spitz痣样黑素瘤（SM）5例。皮损多为单发,可见于头面部、躯干和四肢,边界均清楚。307例Spitz痣皮损以黑色（132例,43.0%）和红色（108例,35.1%）为主,多数色素均匀（262例,85.3%）且表面平滑（272例,88.6%）。Spitz痣存在特殊临床亚型,11例 （3.6%）发生在斑痣上,11例 （3.6%）呈簇发性,6例（2.0%）播散性,7例（2.3%）结节性,1例（0.3%）为瘢痕疙瘩样。Spitz痣特征性病理表现包括表皮内痣细胞呈Paget样扩散（123例,40.1%）,真表皮交界处出现Kamino小体（74例,24.1%）,痣细胞呈水平带状（177例,57.8%）及楔形分布（118例,38.4%）,痣细胞巢周围出现裂隙（177例,57.8%）,可见生理性核分裂象（117例,38.1%）,核染色质均细腻。根据特殊组织病理表现,Spitz痣又分为色素性上皮样Spitz痣（9例,2.9%）、结缔组织增生性Spitz痣（13例,4.2%）、血管瘤样Spitz痣（8例,2.6%）、疣状Spitz痣（12例,3.9%）、黏液样Spitz痣（10例,3.3%）、晕痣样Spitz痣（4例,1.3%） 等。4例AST皮损为黑色,7例色素均匀,3例皮损表面粗糙;特征病理表现包括细胞均有轻度至中度的异型性,均可见核分裂象（7例为2 ~ 6个/mm2）,5例核染色质粗糙。3例SM皮损呈红色,4例色素不均匀,3例表面粗糙;特征病理表现包括黑素细胞呈Paget样扩散（3例）,瘤细胞呈无极性浸润性生长且均未见成熟现象,均有明显异型性,并可见病理性核分裂象（3例, > 6个/mm2）,核染色质均粗糙且核膜明显着色。结论 Spitz样肿瘤的临床及组织病理表现具有特征性,Spitz痣的临床及病理亚型繁多,AST同时具有Spitz痣和黑素瘤的临床及组织学特征。     

婴幼儿先天性色素痣126例临床及病理特征分析

【摘要】 目的 总结婴幼儿先天性色素痣的临床及病理特征。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2020年1月在西京皮肤医院确诊的126例婴幼儿先天性色素痣患儿的临床及病理资料。计数资料比较采用χ2检验。结果 126例婴幼儿先天性色素痣患儿中,男68例,女58例;86.5%的患儿出生即有皮损;57.9%就诊年龄2 ~ 3岁。皮损发生部位包括头面部（76例,60.3%）、躯干（24例,19.1%）、四肢 （26例,20.6%）。36例（28.6%）为先天性小痣,68例（54.0%）为M1型中型痣,13例（10.3%）为M2型,9例（7.1%）为巨痣。121例（96.0%）皮损单发,5例（4.0%）多发,44例（34.9%）痣伴粗毛,15例（11.9%）伴丘疹/增生性结节,6例（4.8%）有卫星灶。病理亚型包括混合痣120例（95.2%）、皮内痣4例（3.2%）和交界痣2例（1.6%）。38例（30.1%）镜下皮损深度< 1 mm,61例（48.4%）1 ~ 2 mm,25例（19.8%） > 2 mm,45例（35.7%）浸润至皮下脂肪层或更深。126例色素痣皮损中,常见病理特征包括痣组织成熟现象（100%,不包括2例交界痣）,角质层色素颗粒（42.1%）,分布紊乱/不对称（63.5%）,表皮痣细胞散在分布（72.2%）和呈Paget样扩散（53.2%）,真皮可见噬黑素细胞（56.4%）,痣细胞沿毛囊皮脂腺分布（65.1%）等。特殊病理特征包括痣细胞嵌入血管/淋巴管腔内（33.3%）、痣细胞松解（35.7%）、纤维瘤样改变（19.8%）、累及立毛肌（24.6%）、肥大细胞浸润（23.8%）等。不同临床表现的婴幼儿先天性色素痣病理模式：浸润深度 > 2 mm、角质层色素颗粒和角质层柱状色素颗粒在巨痣中的发生率明显高于其他大小皮损（χ2 = 7.93、10.76、5.89,均P < 0.05）;浸润深度 > 2 mm、表皮海绵水肿伴痣细胞散在分布、痣细胞巢沿毛囊皮脂腺分布、纤维瘤样改变、肥大细胞浸润在伴有粗毛皮损中的发生率明显高于不伴粗毛者（χ2 = 28.29、8.11、6.22、7.92、8.19,均P < 0.01）;表皮痣细胞呈Paget样扩散、痣细胞有异型性在伴丘疹/增生性结节的皮损中的发生率高于不伴丘疹增生性结节的皮损（χ2 = 4.92、6.30,均P < 0.05）。结论 婴幼儿先天性色素痣的临床及组织病理具有独特性,细胞常见不典型性,确诊及治疗选择需要密切结合临床与病理特征。     

结缔组织增生性色素痣四例临床病理分析

目的 探讨结缔组织增生性色素痣的病理学特点及鉴别诊断.方法 对4例皮肤结缔组织增生性色素痣的临床表现、组织学表现、免疫组化及荧光原位杂交(FISH)特点进行分析.结果 4例结缔组织增生性色素痣中,男2例,女2例,年龄19 ～ 30岁,平均26.5岁;皮损位于四肢3例,外阴1例.组织学特点:均为皮内痣,病变左右对称,痣细胞呈上皮样和(或)梭形,聚集成团或单个散在分布于增生的纤维组织之间,均未见淋巴细胞聚集、坏死或溃疡.免疫组化显示,3例痣细胞为S100和Melan A阳性,2例为P16阳性;Ki-67阳性指数均小于5％;2例间质细胞为凝血因子FⅫ和CD34阴性.荧光原位杂交(FISH)显示结缔组织增生性色素痣在6p25(RREB1)、6q23 (MYB)、6p11.1-q11.1(Cep6)及11q13(CCND1)4个基因位点均无拷贝数异常.结论 结缔组织增生性色素痣是一种组织学独特的良性黑素细胞痣,ki-67 、S100、Melan A、凝血因子FⅩⅢ等免疫组化染色和黑素瘤FISH检测有助于其与皮肤纤维组织细胞瘤和黑素瘤鉴别.     

无色素性黑素瘤误诊为表皮囊肿1例

患者男,39岁。头部红色结节、斑块2年。2年前患者头部出现一黄豆大红色结节,当地医院以"表皮囊肿"相继予激光和手术治疗,皮损均复发。皮损组织病理示:表皮与真皮交界处和真皮内瘤细胞呈巢状分布,肿瘤细胞大小不等,核深染,具显著异型性,肿瘤细胞内无明显黑素颗粒。免疫组化检查:瘤细胞表达S-100及Melan-A。CT检查示肺转移癌。诊断:无色素性黑素瘤。     

Linear arrangement of hypopigmented Spitz nevi on the ear after trauma

A 10‐year‐old boy had multiple papules after surgery on a primary lesion on his left ear. The papules were pink and showed a linear arrangement around the helix. Histopathological examination of two separate lesions showed proliferation of epithelioid cells in the dermis and some of them formed nests. No melanin was found in the epithelioid cells, and immunohistochemistry staining with S100, HMB45 and Melan‐A were positive in the neoplasm cells. According to the clinical and histopathological characteristics, it was diagnosed as hypopigmented Spitz nevi with linear arrangement after trauma.     

Early acral melanoma in situ: correlation between the parallel ridge pattern on dermoscopy and microscopic features

In non-white populations, acral skin is the most prevalent site of malignant melanoma. Early melanomas of this anatomic site are often misdiagnosed as melanocytic nevi, which are not uncommon on acral skin. In fact, clinical and/or histopathological features of melanocytic nevi occasionally mimic those of early acral melanoma and vice versa, and thus differentiation of early acral melanoma from melanocytic nevus is sometimes very difficult for clinicians as well as for histopathologists. Our dermoscopic investigation has revealed that the parallel ridge pattern, a band-like pigmentation on the ridges of the skin markings, is highly specific to malignant melanoma in situ on acral volar skin. In the present study, we reviewed 22 acral melanocytic lesions that showed the parallel ridge pattern on dermoscopy but had very subtle clinical and/or histopathological presentations. We diagnosed 20 of them as early melanoma in situ by careful histopathological examination, which revealed histopathological features very similar to those seen in macular portions of overt acral melanoma, but fundamentally different from features found in melanocytic nevi on acral skin. In correspondence with their dermoscopic pattern, in these early lesions of acral melanomas, proliferation of solitary arranged melanocytes was mainly detected in the crista profunda intermedia, the epidermal rete ridge underlying the ridge of the skin marking. The two remaining lesions were diagnosed as possible cases of acquired melanocytic nevus because of the formation of well-demarcated nests of melanocytes in the epidermal rete ridges. We propose that a finding of preferential proliferation of solitary arranged melanocytes in the crista profunda intermedia is an important clue for the histopathological diagnosis of early phases of acral melanoma.     

Expression of c-kit (CD117) in Spitz nevus and malignant melanoma

BACKGROUND: CD117, the receptor for kit-ligand, which is a growth factor for melanocyte migration and proliferation, has shown differential staining in various benign and malignant melanocytic lesions. The purpose of this study is to compare CD117 immunohistological staining in Spitz nevus versus malignant melanoma, to determine whether CD117 can aid in the diagnosis of these two lesions. METHODS: CD-117 immunohistological staining was performed in 22 clinically and pathologically diagnosed pigmented lesions including 9 cases of Spitz nevus, 10 cases of primary MM and 3 cases of metastatic melanoma. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in CD117 staining in either epidermis or dermis between Spitz nevi and primary melanomas. However staining of metastatic melanomas is less than dermal staining of primary MM and Spitz nevus. CONCLUSIONS: CD117 is unlikely a useful diagnostic tool in differentiating Spitz nevus from primary MM. On the other hand, CD 117 may be useful in differentiating metastatic melanoma from primary melanoma in patients who had a history of melanoma and who present with new dermal lesions.     

Amelanotic vulvar melanoma with intratumor histological heterogeneity

Amelanotic vulvar melanoma is a rare type of malignant melanoma. This paper describes a case of an asymptomatic ulcerated nodule 20 mm in size. The tumor cells from the nodular lesion showed positive staining immunohistochemically for Melan‐A, but negative staining with HMB‐45. The cells showed negative reactivity to S‐100 except in one region. The melanoma cells in the epidermis were detected in one of the specimens from the excised tumor nodule. The cells in the epidermis showed positive staining for Melan‐A and S‐100 and partial staining with HMB‐45. The tumor was diagnosed as malignant melanoma of the vulva and immunohistochemically shown to have intratumor histological heterogeneity. This case suggests the importance of viewing non‐pigmented nodules on the vulva of elderly females as potentially malignant melanoma, and that a combination of immunohistochemical stains may be useful for recognizing the stage of the melanosomes in the melanoma cells.     

Melanocytic nevi clinically simulating melanoma

Melanoma and other benign or malignant pigmented skin tumors can significantly overlap in their clinical and dermoscopical presentations. Thus, pigmented skin lesions may be misdiagnosed in a large number of cases. An extensive review of the published work provides numerous examples of benign lesions mimicking melanoma. Although a number of melanocytic nevi may have been identified as melanomas, information about their clinical appearance is limited. In this report, we present the clinical appearances of two melanocytic nevi on the vulva and the upper extremity that were difficult to diagnose clinically. Detecting melanoma at an early stage is of the utmost importance. However, more attention should be given to the diagnostic accuracy of benign pigmented skin lesions, which otherwise may be diagnosed and treated as melanoma.     

Meyerson痣6例临床及病理分析

目的:探讨Meyerson痣临床及组织病理特征。方法:回顾性分析2015年1月至2020年1月第四军医大学西京皮肤医院确诊的6例Meyerson痣患者临床及病理资料。结果:6例患者中,男3例,女3例,年龄7个月至28岁,中位年龄10.5岁。3例皮损位于四肢,3例位于躯干。4例发生于先天性色素痣,2例发生于获得性色素痣。...     

Congenital neurocristic cutaneous hamartoma with poliosis: A case report

Neurocristic cutaneous hamartomas (NCH) are rare, pigmented skin lesions derived from the abnormal migration of neural crest cells. We report the case of a 57‐year‐old female with a congenital localized area of poliosis and underlying pigmented patch on her scalp. Analysis of 2 punch biopsies yielded features consistent with NCH. Histopathology revealed schwannian‐differentiated spindle cells and melanocytic components in the dermis. The spindle cells stained positively for S‐100 and the stroma showed a prominent CD34 staining. The melanocytes were positive for melanoma triple stain (HMB‐45, Melan A, Tyrosinase) and S‐100. As the presentation of NCH and focal poliosis has yet to be described, we will present a literature review of NCH and discuss common features and associations of poliosis.     

Metastatic nevoid melanoma in a 4 1/2-year-old child

BACKGROUND: Childhood melanoma is a rare and controversial diagnosis. METHODS: We present the case of a 4 1/2-year-old child found to have an expanding, elevated pigmented lesion on her back. RESULTS: The biopsy showed a symmetrical, well circumscribed lesion. However, higher magnification revealed sheets of nevoid cells infiltrating deep into the dermis, lacking maturation, and exhibiting a high mitotic rate (average 5/10 high-power field) with deep mitoses. The possibility of nevoid melanoma was raised, and re-excision and sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy were recommended. Two SLNs were positive for melanoma, verified by immunohistochemical staining. In order to further characterize this melanoma, we performed immunohistochemistry for the tumor-suppressor p53, proliferation marker MIB-1, and oncogenes Bcl-2, cyclin D-1, and MDM-2. Staining for p53 was diffusely positive in the primary and the metastasis; MIB-1 showed moderate proliferative rate in the primary (approximately 10%); Bcl-2 was weakly positive in the primary and showed focal staining in the metastasis; cyclin D-1 was strongly positive in the primary and metastasis; and MDM-2 staining showed scattered positive cells in both lesions. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with a metastatic nevoid melanoma arising in the absence of predisposing disease in a young child, a distinctly unusual occurrence.     

Pigmented poroid neoplasm mimicking nodular melanoma

We reported the case of a 92‐year‐old woman with a pigmented and non‐pigmented surface of the pedunculated nodule on her lower leg. Microscopic examination revealed that this nodule consisted of a component of small, dark, homogenous, poroid cells and cuticular cells in the dermis. The histopathological features of the lesion were consistent with poroid neoplasm. Immunohistochemistry showed that HMB‐45 and Melan‐A were positive in malanocytes and melanophages of the pigmented areas. Unlike most poroid neoplasms, this case showed pigmented lesion mimicked nodular melanoma.