多索茶碱联合布地奈德治疗对支气管哮喘患者肺功能、外周血Th1、Th2与Th17细胞水平的影响

目的探究多索茶碱联合布地奈德治疗对支气管哮喘患者肺功能、外周血Th1、Th2与Th17细胞水平的影响。方法 2016年7月至2018年2月我院呼吸内科收治的120例支气管哮喘患者以随机数字表格法分为实验组和对照组,各60例。对照组给予布地奈德混悬液吸入治疗,实验组在此基础上加服多索茶碱片。记录所有患者主要症状消失时间,治疗前、治疗3个月后测试用力肺活量(FVC)、最大吸气后用力快速呼气1秒呼气容积(FEV1)及呼气峰流速(PEF),并检测外周血Th1、Th2、Th17细胞表达及其血清对应的细胞因子干扰素(IFN)-γ、白介素(IL)-4及IL-17水平。结果与对照组相比,实验组患者喘息、咳嗽、气短、肺内哮鸣音消失时间显著缩短(P <0.05)。两组治疗后FVC、FEV1、PEF均较治疗前明显升高,但实验组FVC、FEV1、PEF较对照组升高更显著(P <0. 05)。两组治疗后Th1、Th1/Th2水平均较治疗前明显升高,Th2、Th17水平较治疗前明显下降,但实验组Th1、Th1/Th2升高幅度及Th2、Th17下降幅度较对照组更显著(P<0.05)。两组治疗后血清IFN-γ水平较治疗前明显升高,IL-4、IL-17水平较治疗前明显下降,但实验组IFN-γ升高幅度及IL-4、IL-17下降幅度较对照组更显著(P<0.05)。结论多索茶碱联合布地奈德治疗可有效改善支气管哮喘患者机体炎症反应及免疫机制失衡,继而改善临床症状和肺功能。     

外周血 Treg、Th17 水平与脓毒症患儿病情及预后结局的相关性分析

目的:分析外周血调节性T细胞(Regulatory T cell,Treg)、辅助性T细胞17(Helper T cell 17,Th17)在脓毒症患儿中的水平变化,并分析与病情和预后的相关性.方法:选取鹤壁市爱民医院2019年1月至2020年9月期间的脓毒症患儿120例,依据患者病情严重程度将患儿分为脓毒症组60例和脓毒症休克组60例,以及同期进行健康体检儿童50例作为对照组.采用流式细胞仪检测Treg、Th17水平,对比三组患儿Treg、Th17水平,并分析其与脓毒症患儿预后的相关性.结果:对照组Treg、Th17水平低于脓毒症组,脓毒症组Treg、Th17水平低于脓毒症休克组(P<0.05);经受试者工作特征曲线(Receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)分析,Treg、Th17曲线下面积分别为(0.729,0.785)具有较好的诊断价值(均P<0.05);死亡组患儿Treg、Th17水平高于存活组(P<0.05).结论:外周血中Treg、Th17因子水平与脓毒症患儿病情发展密切相关,且影响脓毒症患儿的预后结局.     

Th17淋巴细胞及相关细胞因子加重哮喘小鼠气道炎症

目的:研究Th17淋巴细胞及其相关的细胞因子在加重哮喘小鼠气道炎症中的作用机制.方法:20只小鼠随机均分为哮喘组和正常对照组.哮喘组用卵白蛋白(OVA)致敏与激发建立小鼠哮喘模型.对照组致敏与激发均以生理盐水代替.HE染色观察小鼠气道及肺组织病理变化;光学显微镜下观察小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中细胞分类及计数;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测小鼠BALF上清中IL-4、IFN-γ及IL-17的含量,流式细胞技术(FCM)检测小鼠外周血Th1、Th2及Th17淋巴细胞占CD4+细胞百分率情况.将外周血各T淋巴细胞亚群与BALF的中性粒细胞数作相关性分析.结果:哮喘组小鼠BALF中细胞数及中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、淋巴细胞百分率均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),BALF上清中IL-4和IL-17的水平显著增高(P＜0.05),而IFN-γ的水平显著降低(P＜0.05),外周血Th2、Th17淋巴细胞占CD4+细胞百分比显著增高(P＜0.05),而Th1淋巴细胞占CD4+细胞百分比显著降低(P＜0.05).相关性分析显示Th1淋巴细胞与BALF的中性粒细胞数呈显著负相关(rThl=-0.446,P＜0.05),Th17淋巴细胞与BALF的中性粒细胞数呈显著正相关(rTh17=0.394,P＜0.05).结论:Th17淋巴细胞可促进中性粒细胞及炎性介质在哮喘小鼠气道内的聚集,加重气道炎症.     

肺结核患者外周血Th17/Treg的表达及其病理意义

为探讨肺结核患者外周血Th17与Treg的表达及其病理意义,收集2017年1月至2018年6月青海省第四人民医院收治的80例肺结核患者作为结核组,同期收集80例健康成人作为对照组。观察两组外周血Th17与Treg及其细胞因子的表达情况,同时分析Th17与Treg及其细胞因子与肺结核患者病情严重程度的相关性。结果显示,与对照组比较,结核组Th17降低[(2.69±0.93)%vs(1.94±0.91)%,P=0.000],Treg升高[(7.88±2.65)%vs(9.60±2.59)%,P=0.000],IL-17降低[(32.89±8.92) pg/mL vs(25.72±9.62) pg/mL,P=0.000],IL-10升高[(22.80±6.81) pg/mL vs(26.61±7.62) pg/mL,P=0.001]。肺结核患者病灶数目、直径总和与Th17、IL-17呈显著负相关(P0.05),与Treg、IL-10呈显著正相关(P0.05)。与无空洞形成的患者比较,空洞形成的患者Th17降低[(2.06±0.62)%vs(1.76±0.68)%,P=0.045],Treg升高[(8.79±2.12)%vs(10.81±2.41)%,P=0.000],IL-17和IL-10差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。提示外周血中Th17与Treg在肺结核患者中表达异常,与结核病情严重度相关。     

支气管哮喘患者外周血循环Tfh及Th9细胞的变化及临床意义

本研究旨在探讨循环滤泡辅助性T细胞(cTfh)及T辅助细胞9(Th9)在支气管哮喘患者中的变化及其可能的免疫学发病机制。选取25例急性发作期、20例缓解期哮喘患者及20例性别和年龄相匹配的健康对照作为研究对象,进行肺功能检查。流式细胞术检测外周血中cTfh及Th9细胞的百分率,real-time PCR检测转录因子Bcl-6和PU.1mRNA表达水平,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测血清中总IgE水平。结果显示:急性发作组哮喘患者外周血cTfh细胞高于缓解组[(12.63±0.51)vs(10.22±0.39),P0.05]以及健康对照组[(12.63±0.51)vs(9.54±1.71),P0.05],而缓解组与健康对照组cTfh细胞相比差异无统计学意义[(10.22±0.39)vs(9.54±1.71),P0.05];急性发作组哮喘患者外周血Th9细胞高于缓解组[(1.33±0.27)vs(0.71±0.35),P0.05]以及健康对照组[(1.33±0.27)vs(0.24±0.09),P0.05],而缓解组Th9细胞亦高于健康对照组[(0.71±0.35)vs(0.24±0.09),P0.05]。哮喘患者cTfh和Th9细胞相关转录因子Bcl-6、PU.1 mRNA的相对表达量均显著高于健康对照组(均P0.05)。cTfh和Th9细胞百分率与患者FEV1%成负相关(均P0.05),与总IgE水平呈正相关(均P0.05)。cTfh和Th9细胞在外周血中的表达率呈正相关(r=0.494,P=0.001)。研究结果表明支气管哮喘患者外周血cTfh和Th9细胞比例、两者相关转录因子均显著升高,并且这两种细胞的百分率均与哮喘病情相关,提示cTfh和Th9细胞可能参与哮喘免疫发病机制。     

茯苓多糖对系统性红斑狼疮患者Th17/Treg平衡的影响

目的:研究茯苓多糖对系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者外周血辅助性T细胞17(Th17)/调节性T细胞(Treg)平衡的免疫调节作用。方法:选取45例SLE患者和35例健康对照者,应用磁珠分选法分离外周血CD4~+ T细胞,流式细胞术检测CD4~+ T细胞中Th17和Treg细胞的比例。用茯苓多糖分别处理健康对照者及患者的CD4~+ T细胞,MTT法检测细胞活力以测定茯苓多糖毒性,ELISA检测细胞中白细胞介素17(IL-17)、IL-6、IL-10及转化生长因子β(TGF-β)的含量,RT-q PCR和Western blot法分别测定维甲酸相关孤儿受体γt(RORγt)与叉头框蛋白P3(Foxp3)的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果:与健康对照组相比,SLE患者的Th17细胞比例显著升高,Treg细胞比例明显降低(P0.05)。用100μg/L的茯苓多糖处理SLE患者CD4~+ T细胞,与空白对照组相比,IL-17和IL-6的含量显著降低,IL-10和TGF-β的含量明显上升(P0.05);RORγt的mRNA和蛋白表达显著下降,同时Foxp3的表达在mRNA和蛋白水平上明显增加(P0.05);并且Th17/Treg的比值降低(P0.05)。结论:茯苓多糖可以通过升高Treg并降低Th17细胞的比例,对SLE起到一定的治疗作用。     

非小细胞肺癌患者外周血Foxp3+调节性T细胞和Th17的检测与临床意义

目的 通过检测非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者外周血Foxp3+调节性T细胞(TrFoxp3+)、Th17细胞、TrFoxp3+/Th17及相关细胞因子水平,探讨TrFoxp3+、Th17细胞在肺癌发生发展中的相互作用以及是否存在TrFoxp3+/Th17失衡.方法 采用流式细胞术和酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)分别检测18例健康人、26例NSCLC患者外周血中TrFoxp3+、Th17细胞占CD4+T细胞的比例,以及转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)、IL-17、IL-23的表达水平.结果 NSCLC患者外周血中TrFoxp3+、Th17细胞比例、TrFoxp3+/Th17高于健康对照组(P＜0.05).NSCLC患者外周血TrFoxp3+与Th17细胞成正向直线相关的关系(r=0.81,P＜0.05).不同TNM分期肺癌患者外周血TrFoxp3+/Th17:Ⅳ期肺癌患者高于Ⅰ～Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期肺癌患者(P＜0.05).NSCLC患者血清中TGF-β、IL-17、IL-23水平高于健康对照组,TGF-β在晚期组/健康对照组的比值高于早中期组/健康对照组的比值(P＜0.05).结论 NSCLC患者外周血中TrFoxp3+、Th17细胞比例及TrFoxp3+/Th17较健康人升高,且晚期患者TrFoxp3+/Th17明显升高,提示NSCLC患者可能存在TrFoxp3+/Th17比例失衡,导致肿瘤患者免疫抑制,促进肿瘤发生、发展,可能与二者的细胞因子调节有关.     

外周血Th17细胞对慢性阻塞性肺疾病症状严重程度及预后的评估价值

 目的: 观察Th17细胞水平与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者症状严重程度及预后因素的相关性,以期探讨Th17细胞水平在判断COPD临床预后方面的可能价值。方法: 选取2013年5月～2014年12月我院就诊的110例COPD患者为研究对象,40例健康体检者为对照组。根据COPD全球倡议(GOLD)将COPD患者分为A组(低危、症状轻)、B组(低危、症状重)、C组(高危、症状轻)及D组(高危、症状重),给予吸入性糖皮质激素/长效β₂受体激动剂或吸入性糖皮质激素/长效β₂受体激动剂+长效胆碱能药物治疗,收集患者治疗前及治疗3个月后相关临床资料,包括外周血Th17细胞比例、细胞因子(IL-17和IL-6)、慢性阻塞性肺疾病评估测试(CAT)评分、年龄、体重指数、肺功能指标及诊断前12个月COPD急性加重(AECOPD)次数,分析Th17细胞水平与其它临床特征间的相关性。结果: COPD患者外周血Th17细胞、IL-17及IL-6水平显著高于对照组(P < 0.05)。随着COPD症状严重程度的增加,B、D组COPD患者外周血Th17细胞、细胞因子(IL-17和IL-6)水平及CAT评分显著高于A、C组患者(P < 0.05)。单变量相关分析发现,治疗前B、D组外周血Th17细胞水平与CAT评分呈正相关(P < 0.05),而与FEV₁ 、FEV₁%Pred、FVC及FVC%Pred呈负相关(P < 0.05);A、C组外周血Th17细胞水平与CAT评分、FEV₁、FEV₁%Pred、FVC及FVC%Pred无明显相关性。治疗后外周血Th17细胞水平与CAT评分呈正相关(P < 0.05),而与FEV₁、FEV₁%Pred、FVC及FVC%Pred呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论: 外周血Th17细胞水平与COPD患者IL-17、IL-6、CAT评分及肺功能指标有较好的相关性,具有评估COPD患者症状严重程度及预后的潜在临床价值。     

类风湿关节炎患者Th17和CD161+Th17细胞水平的变化

目的 观察类风湿关节炎(RA)患者和健康对照组外周血中CD4+ IL-17+T细胞(Th17)和CD4+ CD161+ IL-17+T细胞(CD161+Th17)的水平,探讨其在RA发病过程中的意义.方法 采用流式细胞术测定36例RA患者和11例健康对照组外周血中Th17细胞及CD161+ Th17的细胞百分率.结果 RA患者外周血Th17及CD161+ Th17细胞水平明显高于健康对照组(P＜0.01)且与疾病活动指数(DAS28)、血沉和C-反应蛋白水平呈显著正相关(P ＜0.05);RA患者和健康对照组外周血中CD161+ Th17细胞百分率明显高于Th17细胞百分率(P＜0.01);Th17细胞百分率与CD161+ Th17细胞百分率显著正相关(P＜0.01).结论 Th17及CD161+ Th17细胞在RA患者外周血中均增高且与疾病活动度正相关.     

鼻息肉患者外周血Th17/Treg细胞比率的失衡及其临床意义

目的:观察鼻息肉(NP)患者外周血Th17和Foxp3+ CD4+ CD25+调节性T细胞(Treg)的水平及其与临床病情的关系,初步探讨Th17/Treg细胞的比率失衡在NP发病机制中的作用和意义.方法:NP患者根据鼻内镜和鼻窦CT评分的结果分为1组(鼻内镜检查评分:2～8分;CT检查评分:3～10分,n=23)和2组(鼻内镜检查评分:8～12分;CT检查评分:10～19分,n=23),选取10例单纯鼻中隔偏曲患者作为对照组.采用流式细胞术检测外周血中Th17和Treg的比例,并对Th17/Treg的比率及鼻内镜、鼻窦CT评分进行相关性分析.结果:两组NP患者外周血中Th17细胞比率明显高于对照组(P＜0.01),且2组高于1组(P＜0.05).两组NP患者外周血中Treg细胞的比率明显低于对照组(P＜0.01),但两组间差异无统计学意义.两组NP患者Th17/Treg细胞的比率明显高于对照组(P＜0.01),且两组间差异显著(P＜0.05).同时,相关性分析结果显示,Th17/Treg细胞的比率与鼻内镜、鼻窦CT评分呈正相关(r=0.562,r=0.667,P＜0.01).结论:NP患者外周血中Th17细胞比率增加和Treg细胞比率降低所致的Th17/Treg细胞比率失衡,可能在NP的发生发展中起着重要作用.Th17/Treg比率失衡的程度可能与临床病情严重程度密切相关.     

Stability of Th1 and Th2 populations

Using an in vitro model for the development of IFN-y-producIng(Th1) and IL-4-produclng (Th1) cells from CD4 T lymphocytesexpressing a transgenlc TCR, we show that IL-12 and IL-4 arethe most potent stimuli for the differentiation of naive T cellsto effector populations. When combinations of cytokines arepresent during T cell priming, the effect of IL-4 Is dominant.Furthermore, differentiated Th1 cells can be converted intoIL-4 producers by exposure to IL-4, but the Th2 phenotype Isnot reversible. The stability of Th2 populations may limit theability to regulate Th2-domlnant responses In pathologic situations.     

Distribution of Th1, Th2, and Th0 and the Th1/Th2 cell ratios in human peripheral and endometrial T cells

PROBLEM: To examine whether normal pregnancy involves type 2 T-helper (Th2) immune condition or not. METHOD OF STUDY: We measured the percentage of Th0, Th1, and Th2 and the Th1/Th2 cell ratios of human peripheral blood and endometrial T cells using flow cytometry, which can analyze both the surface marker CD3, and intracellular cytokines, interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interferon gamma (IFNgamma). RESULTS: No significant differences were found in the percentages of Th1, Th2, and Th0 and the Th1/Th2 cell ratios in the peripheral blood T cells of nonpregnant women and women in early pregnancy. On the other hand, the percentage of Th1 cells was highest during the proliferative phase of the endometrium, followed by the secretory phase and early pregnancy decidua. The percentage of Th2 cells was highest in early pregnancy decidua and lowest during the proliferative phase of the endometrium. The Th1/Th2 ratio was 147.48+/-96.68 during the proliferative phase of the endometrium, 37.74+/-21.33 during the secretory phase, and 1.31+/-0.48 in the early pregnancy decidua. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that Th1 cells predominate in the nonpregnant endometrium, especially during the proliferative phase, while Th2 cells predominate in early pregnancy decidua.     

Th1、Th2、Th17型细胞因子与糖尿病肾病相关性的研究

糖尿病肾病(diabetic Nephropathy,DN)是导致终末期肾脏病(end-stage renal disease,ESRD)的最主要病因,因此,早期诊断和治疗是糖尿病肾病的诊治要点。但目前糖尿病肾病的确切发病机制尚未完全明确,糖尿病肾病的发生发展与血流动力学改变和代谢的紊乱、氧化应激和炎症等多种因素有关,而细胞因子在2型糖尿病及其相关肾脏并发症的病因、发病机制中也起着重要的作用,各种细胞因子的识别将为糖尿病肾病的诊治提供新的潜在治疗靶点。文章就Th1、Th2、Th17型细胞因子与DN相关性的研究作了综述。     

The paradigm of Th1 and Th2 cytokines

In the past few years, considerable evidence has accumulated to suggest the existence of functionally polarized responses by the CD4⁺ T helper (Th)—and the CD8⁺ T cytotoxic (Tc)—cell subsets that depend on the cytokines they produce. The Th1 and Th2 cellular immune response provide a useful model for explaining not only the different types of protection, but also the pathogenic mechanisms of several immunopathological disorders. The factors responsible for the polarization of specific immune response into a predominant Th1 or Th2 profile have been extensively investigated in mice and humans. Evidence has accumulated from animal models to suggest that Th1type lymphokines are involved in the genesis of organ-specific autoimmune diseases, such as experimental autoimmune uveitis, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Accordingly, data so far available in human diseases favor a prevalent Th1 lymphokine profile in target organs of patients with organ-specific autoimmunity. By contrast, Th2-cell predominance was found in the skin of patients with chronic graft-versus host disease, progressive systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and allergic diseases. The Th1/Th2 concept suggests that modulation of relative contribution of Th1 or Th2-type cytokines regulate the balance between protection and immunopathology, as well as the development and/or the severity of some immunologie disorders. In this review, we have discussed the paradigm of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in relation to autoimmunity and allergy.     

Th细胞及其分化调节

幼稚CD4^＋T细胞可分化为Th1和Th2细胞，Th1主要产生IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF，增强吞噬细胞介导的抗感染机制，促进细胞免疫，也在器官特异性自身免疫疾病中起作用；Th2细胞主要产生IL-4、IL-5、IL-10、IL-13，促进B细胞增殖、分化和产生抗体，增强B细胞介导的体液免疫应答，在变态反应和机体抗寄生虫免疫中发挥作用。Th细胞分化主要由局部环境中的细胞因子及细胞内关键转录因子调控。转录因子STAT1、STAT4、IRF1和T—bet促使Th1细胞分化；转录因子STAT6、IRF4和GATA-3促使Th2细胞分化。     

Quantitative analysis of peripheral blood Th0, Th1, Th2 and the Th1:Th2 cell ratio during normal human pregnancy and preeclampsia.

We calculated the percentage of Th1, Th2, Th0 cells and the Th1:Th2 cell ratio of peripheral blood from normal pregnant subjects and preeclampsia patients using flow cytometry which can analyse both the surface marker, CD4, and intracellular cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-gamma. In normal pregnancy, the percentage of Th1 cells was significantly lower in the third trimester, and the ratios of Th1:Th2 were significantly lower in the second and third trimester than in nonpregnant subjects. In contrast, the percentage of Th1 cells and the ratios of Th1:Th2 in preeclampsia were significantly higher than in normal third trimester pregnant subjects. The percentage of Th2 cells in preeclampsia was significantly lower than in third trimester of normal pregnancy. Additionally, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from these subjects and patients were cultured with phytohemagglutinin stimulation, and IL-4 and IFN-gamma concentrations were determined in the supernatant by enzymed linked immunosorbent assays. The percentage of Th1 and Th2, and the ratios of Th1:Th2 were correlated with cytokine (IFN-gamma and IL-4) secretion level. These results demonstrated that Th2 cells were predominant in the second and third trimesters of normal pregnancy, but Th1 cells predominated in preeclamptic patients.     

Th1, Th2, and Th3 cytokine alterations in major depression

BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown that the balance between Th1 cytokines and Th2 cytokines plays a role in modulation of cellular responses in the brain during psychological stress and psychiatric disorders. The Th3 cytokine, transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1), has been shown to regulate the balance between Th-1 and Th-2 cytokines. However, the role of TGF-beta1 in the psychoimmunology of depression has never been explored. METHODS: A total of 40 depressed patients and 80 normal controls were recruited. The plasma levels of IFN-gamma, IL-4, and TGF-beta1 were studied at the time of admission and 8 weeks after antidepressant treatment. RESULTS: The proportion of patients who showed immunoreactivity to IFN-gamma and IL-4 in the plasma, and the plasma IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio, were significantly higher in depressed patients than in controls. The IFN-gamma/TGF-beta1 ratio was also higher in depressed patients, and TGF-beta1 levels showed a significant negative correlation with the HDRS depression scale. After treatment, TGF-beta1 level increased significantly, and the IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio decreased significantly, in the patient group. However, Th1 changes in male and female showed different trend such as Th1 arm was decreased after the treatment in all male, whereas it was increased in premenopausal age women. LIMITATIONS: Replication and extension using a larger sample size are required. CONCLUSIONS: The Th1 and Th2 cytokine imbalance was observed in subpopulation of depressed patients. TGF-beta1 seemed to play a role in the pathophysiology of depression in this population. Moreover, antidepressant treatment was found to affect the Th1/Th2 balance through the action of TGF-beta1.     

Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the breakdown of immune tolerance leading to excessive inflammation and tissue damage. Imbalance in the levels of cytokines represents one of the multifactorial causes of SLE pathogenesis and it contributes to disease severity. Deregulated levels of T helper type 1 (Th1), type 2 (Th2), and type 17 (Th17) cytokines have been associated with autoimmune inflammation. Growing evidence has shown deregulated levels of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines in SLE patients compared to healthy controls associated with disease activity and severity. In this review, we describe and discuss the levels of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines in SLE patients, and clinical trials involving Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines in SLE patients. In particular, with the exception of IL-2, IL-4, and TGF-β1, the levels of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines are increased in SLE patients associated with disease severity. Current phase II or III studies involve therapeutic antibodies targeting IFN-α and type I IFN receptor, while low-dose IL-2 therapy is assessed in phase II clinical trials.