腰椎间盘突出症合并腰椎管狭窄有限开窗治疗分析

目的探讨腰椎间盘突出症合并椎管狭窄行有限开窗手术治疗的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2004年2月～2010年8月在我科行手术治疗的134例腰椎间盘突出症的临床资料,其中手术证实合并腰椎管狭窄45例,采用椎板间潜行有限开窗,侧隐窝及神经根管减压治疗。结果随访时间1～4年,平均随访2.5年,根据日本骨科学会(JOA)下腰痛评分标准,45例腰椎间盘突出合并腰椎管狭窄中,优36例(80%),良7例(11%),可2例(8%),未发现腰椎继发性不稳及椎管再狭窄。结论腰椎间盘突出症合并腰椎管狭窄时,不能遗漏诊断导致手术减压不彻底,用有限开窗侧隐窝及神经根管减压处理,手术创伤小、对脊柱后柱结构破坏小,能达到满意疗效。     

SCTM对腰椎管狭窄症的影像病理学研究

目的探讨螺旋CT椎管造影（SCTM）成像技术及临床应用价值.方法对42例腰椎管狭窄症患者进行T椎管造影检查,图像经计算机多平面重建软件处理.结果在42例患者中,椎间盘病变27例,先天性骨性椎管狭窄2例,椎体后缘增生骨刺2例,椎体滑脱5例,黄韧带肥厚3例,椎间盘突出术后及疤痕增生3例.全部病例均行手术治疗并证实.后处理多平面重建图像能提供不同平面、多角度、多方位的任意轴面（直面、曲面）影像,突出显示椎管内蛛网膜下腔及脊神经根的形态、结构、位置及其连续性改变.结论 SCTM-MPR能全面地清晰显示受检段脊柱及椎管内各解剖层次及其病理改变,提高病变定位及定性的准确性,对腰椎管狭窄症的诊断具有较高的临床实用价值.     

后路椎间盘镜(METRx)腰椎间盘髓核摘除术135例

目的：探讨后路椎间盘镜(METRx)腰椎间盘髓核摘除术的操作治疗要点和临床效果。方法：采用METRx下腰椎间盘髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症患者135例。结果：本组病人术后MRI检查显示突出椎间盘得以摘除，脊髓及神经根已获得充分减压；无手术并发症发生。全组病人均获得随访，平均随访时间8．5个月，临床疗效优良率为93．3％。结论：METRx腰椎间盘髓核摘除术具有手术切口小、创伤小、神经根减压彻底、术后恢复快等特点，适用于除术后复发以外的各种类型的腰椎间盘突出症。     

单纯椎管内硬膜外海绵状血管瘤的临床分析

目的分析并总结单纯椎管内硬膜外海绵状血管瘤的临床表现、诊断及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我院2012年4月至2016年11月收治的6例单纯椎管内硬膜外海绵状血管瘤患者的临床表现、影像学特点、手术、病理及转归,并结合文献对其总结分析。结果 6例患者病理诊断为椎管内硬膜外海绵状血管瘤,行手术全部切除,术后恢复良好。术后随访13~68个月,随访时发现患者均有神经功能的渐进改善且无病变复发。结论单纯椎管内硬膜外海绵状血管瘤罕见,临床上易与其他椎管内病变混淆,MRI是重要的影像学检查方法,病理为确诊方法,手术切除病变是主要治疗方法,预后良好。     

肌电图在腰椎间盘突出症诊断上的应用

腰椎间盘突出症是腰腿痛最常见的病因之一,本病虽然结合临床表现,依据X线片、CT、MRI及椎管造影等影像学检查即可做出明确诊断;但本文对该病进行肌电图检查的目的,旨在探讨肌电图在腰椎间盘突出症诊断上的应用价值及临床意义。根据我们对30例腰椎间盘突出症患者的肌电图检查结果报道如下。     

治疗急性 腰椎间盘突出并进行性截瘫五例成功体会

腰椎间盘突出症是骨科常见病,多发病.急性腰椎间盘突出如未及时治疗易合并进行性截瘫. 我院从2000年7月～2003月10月对于无明显外伤史合并进行性双下肢截瘫尚未诊断治疗的病人采用CT,MRI早期确诊,早期椎管减压或椎间盘摘除术+内固定+植骨术,五例患者功能均恢复:     

SCTM对腰椎管狭窄症的影像病理学研究

目的 探讨螺旋CT椎管造影（SCTM）成像技术及临床应用价值。方法 对42例腰椎管狭窄症患者进行螺旋CT椎管造影检查,图像经计算机多平面重建软件处理,结果 在42例患者中,椎间盘病变27例,先天性骨性椎管狭窄2例,椎休后缘增生骨刺2例,椎体滑脱5例,黄韧带肥厚3例,椎间盘突出术后及疤痕增生3例,全部病例幸均行手术治疗并证实,后处理多平面重建图像能提供不同平面、多角度、多方位的任意轴面（直面=曲面）影像,突出显示椎管内蛛网膜下腔及脊神经根的形态、结构、位置及其连续性改变。结论 SCTM-MPR能全面地清晰显示受检段脊柱及椎管内各解剖层次及其病理改变,提高病变定位及定性的准确性。对腰椎管狭窄症的诊断具有较市制 临床实用价值。     

胸椎椎管内原发肿瘤的诊断及后路手术切除

目的：本文报告我院收治的胸椎椎管内肿瘤8例,着重探讨总结分析椎管内原发肿瘤的临床特点、早期诊断及手术治疗方式。方法所有患者均常规行脊柱正侧位X线片检查。结果本组无手术死亡,全部获得随访,8例进行6个月~5年(平均3.8年)的随访。其中7例疼痛完全消失,神经功能恢复正常,能从事原工作;1例疼痛明显缓解,神经功能显著改善,生活能力基本恢复正常,为术前属肌张力增高、MRI局部脊髓髓内高信号者。局部脊柱稳定性无变化。8例患者术后获得了满意疗效。结论 MRI检查对椎管内原发肿瘤有较高的检出率,对明确病变性质和部位有重要意义,一旦明确诊断,应在不加重脊髓神经损伤的前提下尽可能地切除肿瘤。     

老年性腰椎间盘突出症的临床特点

目的：探讨老年性腰椎间盘突出症的临床特点，以期提高手术治疗的效果。方法：回顾分析我院55岁以上腰椎间盘突出症12例的临床资料、辅助检查及手术所见。结果：老年性腰椎间盘突出症是老年人群中腰腿痛的常见原因，常合并有腰椎退行性改变、椎管狭窄、后纵韧带钙化、椎间小关节增生内聚、黄韧带增厚、硬脊膜粘连等。结论：了解这些特点并掌握手术的技巧可以提高手术的疗效。     

后路手术治疗腰椎管狭窄症41例

目的：探讨后路手术椎管彻底减压＋椎弓根钉内固定＋横突间植骨融合术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的临床疗效。方法：41例腰椎管狭窄患者中,中央管合并神经根管狭窄31例,单纯神经根管狭窄10例（其中3例为腰椎间盘突出症术后症状复发）。41例均采取后路中央管及神经根管彻底减压,同时行椎弓根钉内固定、横突间植骨融合术治疗。所有病例均合并不同程度的椎间盘突出,术中视情况行突出物摘除。结果：术后随访6月～4a,平均2a。按JOA评分标准,本组疗效优32例、良6例、差3例。优良率93％。出现1例断钉（2．44％）。结论：在恰当把握手术指征、减压充分、内固定和植骨操作准确的基础上,后路减压植骨内固定术治疗腰椎管狭窄症可获得满意的临床效果。     

脊髓型颈椎病高场强磁共振成像探讨

目的 研究脊髓型颈椎病(CSM)的MRI成像特点及其临床意义。方法 分析主诉有颈肩痛或／和肢体麻木、乏力就诊者134例，经诊断CSM者80例，并根据临床表现分组比较MRI表现。结果 非CSM者MRI表现出椎间盘变性或轻度突出、骨赘形成但不构成对脊髓压迫；CSM病例表现不同程度椎间盘突出、椎体后缘骨赘形成及硬膜囊和脊髓受压，其中69例(86．25％，)脊髓受压，11例(13．75％)脊髓受压变性。临床症状严重者，MRI表现出颈髓变性显著增多，术后脊髓变性信号仍存在。结论 高场强MRI可良好显示CSM中椎间盘退变突出、骨赘形成及脊髓受压变性，为临床诊断与外科治疗提供依据。     

Nucleus pulposus cells derived IGF-1 and MCP-1 enhance osteoclastogenesis and vertebrae disruption in lumbar disc herniation

Study design: Chronic strained lumbar disc herniation (LDH) cases were classified into bulging LDH, herniated LDH and prolapse LDH types according to imaging examination, and vertebrae disruptions were evaluated. Cytokines derived from the nucleus pulposus cells were detected, and their effects on osteoclastogenesis, as well as the mechanisms involved, were studied via an in vitro osteoclast differentiation system. Objective: To clarify the mechanisms of lumbar vertebrae resorption induced by lumbar herniation. Summary and background data: Chronic strained lumbar disc herniation induced vertebrae erosion exacerbates quality of patients’ life and clinical outcome. Although nucleus pulposus cells derived cytokines were reported to play an important role in this pathogenesis, the fundamental mechanisms underlying this process are still unclear. Methods: Chronic strained lumbar disc herniation patients were diagnosed with CT scan and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. RNA was extracted from 192 surgical specimens of the herniated lumbar disc and 29 surgical excisions of the lumbar disc from spinal injury patients. The expressions of osteoclastogenesis related cytokines and chemokines were examined using real time PCR. Monocytes were induced into osteoclast with M-CSF and RANKL in vitro, while the IGF-1 and MCP-1 were added into the differentiation procedure in order to evaluate the effects and explore the molecular mechanisms. Results: Vertebrae erosion had a positive relationship with lumbar disc herniation severity types. In all of the osteoclastogenesis related cytokines, the IGF-1 and MCP-1 were the most highly expressed in the nucleus pulposus cells. IGF-1 enhances activation of NF-kB signaling directly, but MCP-1 upregulated the expression of RANK, so that enhanced cellular sensitivity to RANKL resulted in increasing osteoclastogenesis and activity. Conclusion: Lumbar herniation induced overexpression of IGF-1 and MCP-1 in nucleus pulposus cells aggravated vertebral erosions. Hence, this study suggests that targeting osteoclastogenesis related cytokines has potential clinical significance in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation patients.     

多节段胸腰椎间盘突出的外科治疗

目的　探讨椎间盘多节段突出的发病机理、临床特点、诊断方法及外科治疗效果。方法　对 10 8例多发性椎间盘突出患者 (胸腰椎间盘突出 13例、胸椎间盘突出 11例、腰椎间盘突出 84例 ) ,从发病的临床特征、影像学改变以及手术治疗的临床效果进行分析。结果　全部病例经术后 8个月～ 12年的随访 ,总优良率达到 93%以上。结论　椎间盘多发性突出临床差异较大 ,其神经根受压临床表现比较复杂。故本病必须认真仔细系统检查结合CT或MRI获得确诊。手术的目的在于突出物摘除、椎管减压、神经根松解 ,维持脊柱稳定性 ,可获得满意的临床效果。     

脊柱植入物内固定治疗腰椎间盘突出症的复发因素

背景：根据腰椎间盘突出症的具体类型和特点,选择正确的治疗方法,大多均可获得较为理想的效果,但在临床上,仍有部分腰椎间盘突出症患者治疗后症状复发。 目的：探讨脊柱植入物内固定治疗腰椎间盘突出症复发因素及其干预处理措施。 方法：回顾分析解放军第306医院骨科2002年1月至2007年12月收治腰椎间盘突出症内固定治疗后症状复发的52例患者,男28例,女24例,年龄25-52岁,平均年龄43.2岁。初次内固定治疗至症状复发时间为3-192个月,平均38个月。患者有腰部及双侧/单侧下肢疼痛及麻木症状。所有患者均行腰椎前后正侧位片、过伸过屈侧位X射线片,以评价腰椎的稳定性,行腰椎磁共振成像检查观察腰椎内固定治疗节段间盘情况以及合并椎管狭窄和椎间盘退变情况。 结果与结论：52例患者其中22例由于初次植入物内固定治疗导致同节段间盘组织突出复发;4例因植入物内固定治疗后椎间盘炎引起症状;5例出现植入物内固定治疗部位瘢痕粘连压迫神经;10例出现植入物内固定治疗后侧隐窝或神经根管狭窄出现症状;11例因植入物内固定治疗后腰椎失稳导致症状复发。分析植入物内固定治疗腰椎间盘突出后症状复发的具体原因,有现实的临床意义。     

有限手术治疗多节段腰椎间盘突出症

目的探讨多节段腰椎间盘突出症的临床诊断要点及有限手术治疗多节段腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法回顾分析我院2000年3月～2007年5月共用多节段开窗加神经根管减压的有限手术治疗多节段腰椎间盘突出症124例,全部病例术前均行X线片、CT或MRI检查报告腰椎间盘多节段突出,临床体征与影像学报告相一致。术后平均5.6年经腰椎X线动力位片判定脊柱的稳定性,疗效按NAKAI标准进行术前、术后对比。结果124例均获随访8个月～7年,平均5.6年,疗效评定为：优68例、良37例、可17例、差2例,总优良率达84.7%。所有病例除有1例并发腰椎间盘突出症复发及2例并发椎间隙感染外,其余均无近期严重并发症出现,也无腰椎失稳现象发生。结论多节段开窗的有限手术能在直视下切除椎间盘,彻底地松解神经根并维持脊柱的稳定性,最大程度地减少并发症的发生,是治疗多节段腰椎间盘突出症的有效和可靠方法。     

应用椎间盘镜手术治疗30例腰椎间盘突出症

目的 总结显微内窥镜腰椎间盘切除（Microendoscopic discectomy MED)治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床效果。方法 采用椎间盘切除术进行髓核摘除及神经根通道清理术。术中通过C型臂X光机引导准确定位,在棘突旁0.5-1cm处仅做1.6cm纵行切口,沿导针逐级更换套管扩张后放入固定盘手术通道及内窥镜头,于电视监视下显露椎板间隙,咬除少量椎板下缘及黄韧带,扩大椎间隙,显露硬脊膜、神经根及突出的椎间盘的髓核组织并予以摘除,必要时清理和扩大神经根通道。结果 本组治疗腰椎间盘突出30例,随访1－12个月,按Nakai标准评定,优：25例,良：4例,可：1例。结论 应用经脊椎后路显微内窥镜摘除腰椎间盘,技术先进,创伤小,出血少,恢复快,疗效肯定。     

Postoperative spinal epidural hematoma: risk factor and clinical outcome

We report a series of epidural hematomas which cause neurologic deterioration after spinal surgery, and have taken risk factors and prognostic factors into consideration. We retrospectively reviewed the database of 3720 cases of spine operation in a single institute over 7 years (1998 April- 2005 July). Nine patients who demonstrated neurologic deterioration after surgery and required surgical decompression were identified. Factors postulated to increase the postoperative epidural hematoma and to improve neurologic outcome were investigated. The incidence of postoperative epidural hematoma was 0.24%. Operation sites were cervical 3 cases, thoracic 2 cases, and lumbar 4 cases. Their original diagnoses were tumor 3 cases, cervical stenosis 2 cases, lumbar stenosis 3 cases and herniated lumbar disc 1 case. The symptoms of epidural hematomas were neurologic deterioration and pain. After decompression, clinical outcome revealed complete recovery in 3 cases (33.3%), incomplete recovery in 5 cases (55.6%) and no change in 1 case (11.1%). Factors increasing the risk of postoperative epidural hematoma were coagulopathy from medical illness or anticoagulation therapy (4 cases, 44.4%) and highly vascularized tumor (3 cases, 33.3%). The time interval to evacuation of complete recovery group (29.3 hours) was shorter than incomplete recovery group (66.3 hours). Patients with coagulopathy and highly vascularized tumor were more vulnerable to spinal epidural hematoma. The postoperative outcome was related to the preoperative neurological deficit and the time interval to the decompression.     

下腰段急性中央型巨大间盘突出症的手术治疗及疗效观察

目的 下腰段急性中央型巨大间盘突出压迫马尾神经导致双下肢截瘫的手术治疗及疗效观察。方 法 16例下腰段中央型急性巨大腰椎间盘突出患者,既往有腰椎间盘突出和软性椎管狭窄病理基础,在 受轻微外力后出现突发性双下肢截瘫。其中男9例,女7例,年龄在42～63岁,平均55．2岁。手术术 式采用后路切开减压,椎板切除,突出髓核摘除,tenor钢板内固定,横突间植骨融合,各节段脊神经根 彻底松解,术后经过严格康复治疗。结果 术后临床症状恢复情况优8例(50％),良7例(43．75％), 可1例(6．25％)。结论 下腰段急性中央型巨大间盘突出压迫马尾神经导致双下肢截瘫的患者行手术治 疗效果好,而且越早手术双下肢功能及膀胱扩约肌功能恢复越满意。     

青少年腰椎间盘突出症并发椎体后缘骨离断的临床特征及外科处理

目的探讨青少年腰椎间盘突出症并发椎体后缘骨离断的临床特征及其手术效果。方法回顾1998年9月至2009年3月间收治的82例青少年腰椎间盘突出症患者(9～20岁,平均15.9岁)的临床和CT资料。其中A组22例并椎体后缘骨离断,分析其部位、大小和形态特征,手术同时切除突出髓核及离断骨骺;B组60例单纯腰椎间盘突出症中30例手术摘除突出髓核,30例非手术治疗。按日本整形外科学会评分(JOA)和疼痛视觉模拟计分(VAS)法,比较两组临床特征及手术效果。结果22例(28%)椎间盘突出合并后缘骨骺离断。JOA、VAS评分显示A组患者腰腿疼痛、神经功能状态均较B组患者严重(P0.05),而且手术前可以耐受保守治疗的时间也较B组患者短(P0.05);手术效果通过JOA、VAS评分比较两组无明显差异(P0.05),手术时间和手术出血量A组高于B组相应指标(P0.05)。结论青少年腰椎间盘突出症并发后缘骨离断者症状更严重,诊断明确应积极手术治疗,术中尽可能切除浮动、中央型体积较大或位于侧隐窝的离断后缘骨。     

Intradural disc herniation at L5-S1 mimicking an intradural extramedullary spinal tumor: a case report

Intradural lumbar disc herniation is a rare pathological entity. The pathogenesis of intradural lumbar disc herniation is not known clearly. Intradural disc herniations usually occurred at the L4-L5 levels but have also been reported at other levels. However, intradural disc herniation at L5-S1 is quite rare. There are approximately nine reports in the English literature of intraradicular disc herniation at L5-S1. We described a 61-yr-old man with suspected intradural mass at the level of L5-S1 space. The patient presented with pain in the lower back and both lower legs for 4 months and a sudden exacerbation of the symptoms for 3 days. Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a large disc herniation at the L5-S1 level with an intradural component. L5 and S1 laminectomy was performed, and dura was swollen and immobile. Subsequent durotomy was performed and an intradural disc fragment was removed. The patient had full recovery in 3 months. Intradural lumbar disc herniation must be considered in the differential diagnosis of mass lesions in the spinal canal. Contrast-enhanced MRI scans are useful to differentiate a herniated disc from a disc space infection or tumor.