血清CA125、CA153、CA199的联合检测

目的：用蛋白芯片检测肿瘤标志物糖链抗原125（CA125）、糖链抗原153（CA153）、糖链抗原199（CA199），评价其敏感度与特异性及其临床应用价值。方法：通过探针蛋白特异性地捕获样品中的靶蛋白，经蛋白芯片检测系统进行定量分析，并与化学发光免疫分析法作比较。结果：蛋白芯片法的检测敏感度CA125为80.9%、CA153为71%、CA199为80.6%，与化学发光免疫分析法比较，三者均无显著差异（P>0.05）；特异性分别为62.5%、66.7%、56.7%，与化学发光免疫分析法比较，除CA199有显著差异（P<0.01），其他无显著差异（P>0.05）。两种方法的CA125受试者操作特征曲线（ROC）非常接近，CA153的ROC曲线也非常接近，CA199的ROC曲线分离。结论：PRCH适合于肿瘤标志物CA125、CA153、CA199的定量分析及临床应用，但CA199的特异性尚需提高。     

两种不同方法学检测PSA、CA125、CA15-3、CA19-9的比对研究

为探讨不同检测方法测定PSA、CA125、CA15-3、CA19-9结果的可比性,参考EP9-A2文件的规定,使用RIA和微粒子酶免疫方法(MEIA)测定PSA、CA125、CA15-3及CA19-9并进行方法学比对试验,两种方法各项结果间均呈良好的线性关系,其相关系数R2均大于0.95;PSA和CA15-3系统误差均...     

联合检测血清CA153、CA125、CA199对乳腺癌的临床意义

目的探讨血清CA153、CA125、CA199联合检测对乳腺癌早期诊断的价值。方法采用化学发光法分别检测乳腺癌、乳腺良性疾病患者、体检健康者血清中CA153、CA125、CA199的水平。结果乳腺癌患者血清CA153、CA125、CA199水平均显著高于正常组和良性乳腺疾病组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）；乳腺癌患者术后CA153、CA125、CA199含量较术前显著性下降（P〈0．01），与正常组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。CA153、CA125、CA199单独检测乳腺癌的灵敏度分别为54％、36％、30％，特异性为96．6％、91．6％、93．2％．准确性为84、2％、75．1％、74-8％。三者联合检测乳腺癌的灵敏度为78．0％、特异性为88．1％、准确性为85．2％。三项联合检测与单独检测相比灵敏度明显提高（P〈0．05）。结论联合检测血清标志物CA153、CA125、CA199的阳性率、敏感性有较大幅度的提高．三项标志物虽不能作为乳腺癌的特异性指标，但可为临床早期发现、诊断乳腺癌提供十分重要的依据。     

血清CA19-9、CA242和CA50在胰腺癌诊断中的应用

目的 探讨血清肿瘤标志物CA19-9、CA242和CA50单项检测及联合检测在胰腺癌诊断中的应用价值.方法 选取胰腺癌患者59例(胰腺癌组)、胰腺良性疾病患者64例(胰腺良性疾病组),采用直接化学发光方法对患者血清中CA19-9、CA242、CA50水平进行检测,并比较分析单一肿瘤标志物检测及联合检测的的诊断价值.结果 胰腺癌患者血清CA19-9、CA242、CA50水平显著高于胰腺良性疾病组(P＜0.05),肿瘤标志物单项检测,CA19-9敏感性最高(81.36％),CA242特异性最高(84.78％),联合检测可提高检测的敏感性(平行试验联合检测)和特异性(系列试验联合检测).结论 CA19-9、CA242、CA50的联合检测对胰腺癌的诊断提供重要参考依据,具有较高的临床价值.     

血清CA125、CA15．3、CA242联合检测对乳腺癌诊断的价值

目的评价血清标志物糖类抗原125（CA125）、15．3（CA15．3）、242（CA242）联合检测对乳腺癌诊断的价值。方法对长海医院肿瘤科2003年9月至2005年9月期间收治的73例乳腺癌患者及60例健康人血清进行CA125、CA15．3、CA242检测。结果乳腺癌组三种肿瘤标志物检测的阳性率显著高于对照组（Х^2检验,P〈0．01）。乳腺癌组CA125、CA15．3、CA242及联合检测的阳性率由高到低依次为联合检测（68．49％）、CA15．3（49．32％）、CA125（34．25％）、CA242（28．77％）,CA15．3阳性率与三种标志物联合检测的阳性率差异有统计学意义（Х^2=5．546,P〈0．05）,即联合检测的阳性率高于CA15．3单独检测的阳性率。结论CA125、CA15．3、CA242联合检测能明显提高乳腺癌的检出率。     

HIV／AIDS患者血清CA199、CA125、CA153检测的临床应用价值

目的研究HIV／AIDS患者血清糖类抗原CA199、CA125、CA153水平的变化，探讨其在HIV／AIDS患者的病情进展及疗效观察中的应用价值。方法对确诊的184例HIV／AIDS患者进行血清CA199、CA125、CA153和CD4＋T细胞的检测，并对检测结果进行比较分析。结果AIDS患者CA199、CA125、CA153值及阳性率显著高于HIV组和HIV／HBV／HCV组及健康对照者（P〈0．05），HIV／HBV／HCV组CA199、CA125、CA153值及阳性率显著高于HIV组和健康对照者（P〈0．05），CD4^＋T细胞数和血清CA199、CA125、CA153水平及异常率呈显著负相关。结论血清CA199、CA125、CA153对于HIV／AIDS的病情诊断及疗效观察具有较好的临床应用价值，建议对HIV感染者应常规进行血清CA199、CA125、CA153水平监测，积极治疗，改善预后。     

肿瘤标志物CA19-9、CA242、CA125在胰腺癌诊断和预后评估中的价值

为了评价CA19-9、CA242、CA125单独或联合检测在胰腺癌诊断和预后评估中的作用,对105例确诊的胰腺癌患者,手术前检测血清CA19-9、CA242、CA125值,并检测了70例非胰腺恶性肿瘤患者和30例良性胰腺疾病患者的血清CA19-9、CA242、CA125水平.结果发现,单独应用于胰腺癌诊断时,CA19-9的灵敏度最高,但是其特异性显著低于CA242和CA125(P＜0.01).联合检测CA125和CA242可使诊断特异性达到92%.CA242高于正常值的胰腺癌患者,其生存期明显短于CA242值正常的胰腺癌患者(P＜0.05).三项肿瘤标志物中两项以上高于正常值的患者,其生存期显著低于仅有一项高于正常值或三项皆正常的患者(P＜0.05).CA19-9在胰腺癌诊断率方面优于CA125和CA242.联合使用CA125和CA242可以提高诊断的特异性.肿瘤标志物高水平与胰腺癌进展期相关.三项肿瘤标志物中两项或三项高于正常值的患者其生存期较短.     

血清AFP、CEA、CA50、CA19.9、CA125联合检测对卵巢恶性肿瘤的诊断及复发的价值

目的探讨血液中AFP、CEA、CA50、CA19.9、CA125含量的联合检测对恶性卵巢肿瘤的诊断及预后的临床价值.方法采用放免法(RIA)测定138例患者治疗前后的血清5项指标含量(恶性卵巢肿瘤48例、卵巢良性肿瘤55例及良性包块35例).结果联合检测恶性卵巢肿瘤性率95.8%(46/48),明显高于卵巢良性肿瘤、良性包块及CA125单项检测阳性率(p<0.05).卵巢良性肿瘤及良性包块的联合检测阳性率分别为12.7%(7/55)和77.1%(27/35),与CA125单项检测率无差异(p>0.05).非上皮性肿瘤联合检测阳性率明显高于CA125阳性率(p<0.05).恶性卵巢肿瘤Ⅰ期～Ⅱ期联合检测阳性率明显高于CA125阳性率无差异(p<0.05).Ⅲ期～Ⅳ期CA125阳性率与联合检测阳性率无差异(p>0.05).48例恶性卵巢肿瘤经化疗或手术治疗后,证实复发有10例.联合检测阳性9例, CA125阳性5例(p<0.05).结论上述五项指标联合检测对恶性卵巢肿瘤的诊断及预后有较高的临床价值.     

血清AFP、CEA、CA50、CAl9．9、CAl25联合检测对卵巢恶性肿瘤的诊断及复发的价值

目的 探讨血液中AFP、CEA、CA50、CA19.9、CA125含量的联合检测对恶性卵巢肿瘤的诊断及预后的临床价值.方法 采用放免法(RIA)测定138例患者治疗前后的血清5项指标含量(恶性卵巢肿瘤48例、卵巢良性肿瘤55例及良性包块35例).结果 联合检测恶性卵巢肿瘤性率95.8％(46/48),明显高于卵巢良性肿瘤、良性包块及CA125单项检测阳性率(p<0.05).卵巢良性肿瘤及良性包块的联合检测阳性率分别为12.7％(7/55)和77.1％(27/35),与CA125单项检测率无差异(P>0.05).非上皮性肿瘤联合检测阳性率明显高于CA125阳性率(p<0.05).恶性卵巢肿瘤I期-Ⅱ期联合检测阳性率明显高于CA125阳性率无差异(p<0.05).Ⅲ期-Ⅳ期CA125阳性率与联合检测阳性率无差异(p>0.05).48例恶性卵巢肿瘤经化疗或手术治疗后,证实复发有10例.联合检测阳性9例,CA125阳性5例(p(0.05).结论 上述五项指标联合检测对恶性卵巢肿瘤的诊断及预后有较高的临床价值.     

CA19-9、CA242和CA50联检对胰腺癌诊断的价值

目的：探讨联检肿瘤标志物CA19-9、CA242和CA50在胰腺癌诊断中的应用价值。方法：选择2007年1月～2008年10月湖南省人民医院门诊及住院患者共250人进行了CA19-9、CA242和CA50联检,其中120例为临床明确诊断的胰腺癌患者。结果：胰腺癌患者血清中的CA19-9、CA242和CA50水平明显高于对照组。CA19-9敏感性和特异性分别为82.0%和79.6%;CA242敏感性和特异性分别为78.5%和81.6%;CA50敏感性和特异性分别为52.7%和74.6%;联检CA19-9、CA242和CA50其敏感性和特异性提高为96.82%和98.75%。结论：采用CA19-9、CA242和CA50联检的方法,对胰腺癌的早期诊断具有一定的临床意义。     

AMIGO2 mRNA expression in hippocampal CA2 and CA3a

AMIGO2, or amphoterin-induced gene and ORF (open reading frame) 2, belongs to the leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin superfamilies. The protein is a downstream target of calcium-dependent survival signals and, therefore, promotes neuronal survival. Here, we describe the mRNA distribution pattern of AMIGO2 throughout the mouse brain with special emphasis on the hippocampus. In the Ammon’s horn, a detailed comparison between the subregional mRNA expression patterns of AMIGO2 and Pcp4 (Purkinje cell protein 4)—a known molecular marker of hippocampal CA2 (Cornu Ammonis 2)—revealed a prominent AMIGO2 mRNA expression level in both the CA2 and the CA3a (Cornu Ammonis 3a) subregion of the dorsal and ventral hippocampus. Since this CA2/CA3a region is particularly resistant to neuronal injury and neurotoxicity [Stanfield and Cowan (Brain Res 309(2):299–307 1984); Sloviter (J Comp Neurol 280(2):183–196 1989); Leranth and Ribak (Exp Brain Res 85(1):129–136 1991); Young and Dragunow (Exp Neurol 133(2):125–137 1995); Ochiishi et al. (Neurosci 93(3):955–967 1999)], we suggest that the expression pattern of AMIGO2 indeed fits with its involvement in neuroprotection.     

Differential behavioral state-dependence in the burst properties of CA3 and CA1 neurons

Brief bursts of fast high-frequency action potentials are a signature characteristic of CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons. Understanding the factors determining burst and single spiking is potentially significant for sensory representation, synaptic plasticity and epileptogenesis. A variety of models suggest distinct functional roles for burst discharge, and for specific characteristics of the burst in neural coding. However, little in vivo data demonstrate how often and under what conditions CA3 and CA1 actually exhibit burst and single spike discharges. The present study examined burst discharge and single spiking of CA3 and CA1 neurons across distinct behavioral states (awake-immobility and maze-running) in rats. In both CA3 and CA1 spike bursts accounted for less than 20% of all spike events. CA3 neurons exhibited more spikes per burst, greater spike frequency, larger amplitude spikes and more spike amplitude attenuation than CA1 neurons. A major finding of the present study is that the propensity of CA1 neurons to burst was affected by behavioral state, while the propensity of CA3 to burst was not. CA1 neurons exhibited fewer bursts during maze running compared with awake-immobility. In contrast, there were no differences in burst discharge of CA3 neurons. Neurons in both subregions exhibited smaller spike amplitude, fewer spikes per burst, longer inter-spike intervals and greater spike amplitude attenuation within a burst during awake-immobility compared with maze running. These findings demonstrate that the CA1 network is under greater behavioral state-dependent regulation than CA3. The present findings should inform both theoretic and computational models of CA3 and CA1 function.     

血清CA19—9、CA125、CA242、CEA联检诊断胰腺癌的临床价值

目的：评价血清糖类抗原19—9（CA19—9），糖类抗原125（CA125），糖类抗原242（CA242）及癌胚抗原（CEA）四项指标联检对胰腺癌的诊断价值。方法：四项标志物均应用全自动化学免疫分析检测。结果：胰腺癌患者血清CA19—9、CA125、CA242、CEA水平明显高于胰腺良性病组，差异均有显著性（P〈0．01）。四项指标联检诊断胰腺癌的敏感性为91．7％，特异性92．1％。结论：血清CA19—9、CA125、CA242及CEA单项检测在胰腺癌诊断中特异性均偏低，且四项联检可提高胰腺癌的敏感性及特异性，临床诊断价值更大。     

CA125 and endometriosis

This review covers the literature on CA125 and endometriosis; data on CA125 and oncology are not discussed. In normal women, plasma concentrations of CA125 are increased slightly at ovulation and significantly during menstruation. Marked increases are observed during pregnancy and following peritoneal irritation by infection or surgery. These data are consistent with the concept that CA125 in normal women is mainly derived from the endometrium and the irritated peritoneum. Plasma concentrations of CA125 are markedly elevated in women with cystic ovarian endometriosis and/or deeply infiltrating endometriosis, but not, or only slightly, in the luteal phase of women with minimal or mild endometriosis. This is consistent with the recent concept which considers minimal endometriosis as a normal condition occurring intermittently in many women, in contrast with deep endometriosis and cystic ovarian endometriosis which are called 'endometriotic disease'. Serum CA125 is not a good marker for endometriosis but it is a helpful additional parameter to diagnose endometriotic disease in patients with chronic pelvic pain. Following treatment of endometriosis, elevated plasma concentrations of CA125 could be used as an argument that treatment has been incomplete, or that the condition has recurred. Assaying CA125 in peritoneal fluid requires high sample dilutions or a modified immunoradiometric assay, and until now, its clinical value has been questionable.     

Properties of the visually driven neurons of cat's hippocampal regions CA 1 and CA 3

Neurons in areas CA 1 and 3 of cat's dorsal hippocampus were studied. Fifteen percent of the investigated cells were influenced by visual stimuli. Eighty five such neurons were investigated. The organization of their receptive fields was tested with stationary and moving visual stimuli. Twenty eight percent of neurons had small receptive fields (10-20 deg square). Forty one neurons responded to stationary flashing spots. They were ON-OFF, ON and OFF types with phasic (66%) and tonic (34%) characteristics. Seventy five responded to dark and bright stimuli moving across their receptive fields. Twenty five neurons were direction-sensitive and 21 responded better to the dark moving stimuli than to the bright ones. No significant differences in the response properties of neurons in the CA 1 and CA 3 fields were observed.     

血清肿瘤标志物CEA、CA19-9、CA242及CA724联合检测在胃癌诊断中的价值分析

目的 分析并研究血清肿瘤标志物CEA、CA19-9、CA242、CA724联合检测对胃癌的诊断价值.方法 选取我院在2013年5月至2015年9月收治的123例胃癌患者作为观察组,选取同一时期我院消化科收治的123例其他患者作为对照组,对两组患者的CEA、CA19-9、CA242、CA724进行联合检测,并比较两组患者这4项标志物的检测结果.结果 观察组患者的CEA、CA19-9、CA242、CA724指标都明显比对照组高,P＜0.05;观察组胃癌各分期患者的CEA、CA19-9、CA242、CA724检测指标之间有差异,且分期越高,指标数值越高,P＜0.05;胃癌患者血清肿瘤标志物CEA、CA19-9、CA242、CA724的单项检查结果的特异性尚可,但灵敏度和正确率较低,CEA、CA19-9、CA242、CA724联合检测的正确率和灵敏度比单项检测高,差异显著,P ＜0.05,具有统计学意义.结论 临床上对胃癌患者进行诊断,采取血清肿瘤标志物CEA、CA19-9、CA242、CA724联合检测能够取得更为显著的诊断效果,可以提高胃癌诊断的正确率和灵敏度,提高诊断的阳性率,值得在临床上推广使用.     

Somatostatin acts in CA1 and CA3 to reduce hippocampal epileptiform activity

Although the peptide somatostatin (SST) has been speculated to function in temporal lobe epilepsy, its exact role is unclear, as in vivo studies have suggested both pro- and anticonvulsant properties. We have shown previously that SST has multiple inhibitory cellular actions in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, suggesting that in this region SST should have antiepileptic actions. To directly assess the effect of SST on epileptiform activity, we studied two in vitro models of epilepsy in the rat hippocampal slice preparation using extracellular and intracellular recording techniques. In one, GABA-mediated neurotransmission was inhibited by superfusion of the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline. In the second, we superfused Mg2+-free artificial cerebrospinal fluid to remove the Mg2+ block of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptor. We show here that SST markedly reduces the intensity of evoked epileptiform afterdischarges and the frequency of spontaneous bursts in both CA1 and CA3. SST appears to act additively in the two regions to suppress the transmission of epileptiform events through the hippocampus. We further examined SST's actions in CA3 and found that SST dramatically reduced the frequency of paroxysmal depolarizing shifts (PDSs) recorded intracellularly in current clamp, as well as increasing the threshold for evoking "giant" excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), large polysynaptically mediated EPSCs that are the voltage-clamp correlate of PDSs. We also examined the actions of SST on pharmacologically isolated EPSCs generated at both mossy fiber (MF) and associational/commissural (A/C) synapses. SST appears to act specifically to reduce recurrent excitation between CA3 neurons because it depresses A/C- but not MF-evoked EPSCs. SST also increased paired-pulse facilitation of A/C EPSCs, suggesting a presynaptic site of action. Reciprocal activation of CA3 neurons through A/C fibers is critical for generation of epileptiform activity in hippocampus. Thus SST reduces feedforward excitation in rat hippocampus, acting to "brake" hyperexcitation. This is a function unique from that described for other hippocampal neuropeptides, which affect more standard neurotransmission. Our results suggest that SST receptors could be a unique, selective clinical target for treatment of limbic seizures.     

Different responses of CA1 and CA3 regions to hypoxia in rat hippocampal slice

1. To study the effects of brief periods of hypoxia on cellular functions in the rat hippocampal slice, extracellular and intracellular recordings were made from pyramidal neurons, and interstitial potassium activity ([K+]o) was measured in the pyramidal cell layers. Slices were perfused in an interface chamber at 36-37 degrees C with medium containing 8.5 mM [K+]o. Hypoxia was induced by switching the overflow gas from O2-CO2 to N2-CO2. 2. Brief periods of hypoxia (5-60 s) produced electrographic seizures with typical tonic and clonic components in 53% of 293 slices that generated spontaneous interictal bursts. Hypoxia-induced seizures were usually initiated in and restricted to the Ca1 region; only 2.5% of these slices generated seizures in CA3. In contrast to the CA1 region, the CA3 region could undergo spreading depression during hypoxia. The probability of seizure generation in CA1 was increased with increasing duration of hypoxia and was greatly reduced by lowering the bath temperature a few degrees. 3. [K+]o gradually increased in the CA1 and CA3 cell layers during the 20 s leading up to an hypoxia-induced seizure. [K+]o rose to approximately 9.8 mM (from a base line of 8.5 mM) in CA1 just before a seizure and to 11.4 mM during the seizure. After hypoxia, [K+]o reached a higher level in CA1 than in CA3, regardless of whether 1 microM tetrodotoxin was present to eliminate differences in cell firing in the two regions. CA1 pyramidal cells and glia gradually depolarized by several millivolts during and after hypoxia; no initial hyperpolarizing phase was detected. 4. Burst input from CA3 was necessary for hypoxia-induced seizures. The frequency and intensity of spontaneous burst-firing in CA3 remained steady in the period leading up to a CA1 seizure episode. In contrast, the intensity of synaptically driven bursts in CA1 grew markedly just before seizure onset. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors participated in the crescendo of increasingly synchronous activity in CA1, because the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (D-APV, 30 microM), stereoselectively reduced seizure intensity. 5. Hypoxia-induced seizures were followed by a depressant phase, which was manifested most prominently by a prolonged (up to several minutes) reduction in the frequency and intensity of burst-firing in the CA3 region, hyperpolarization of CA1 neurons, and undershoot of [K+]o. In normal (3.5 mM) [K+]o, synaptically driven population spikes in CA1 were only reduced in amplitude by hypoxia; hypoxia did not induce seizures in 3.5 mM [K+]o.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

The role of CA3 and CA1 in the acquisition of an object-trace-place paired-associate task

The hippocampus mediates associative learning involving spatial and temporal information. Specifically, paired associations in which a trace interval separates the elements appear to be associated within CA1. In contrast, CA3 appears to be involved in associations containing spatial elements. This suggests that CA3, but not CA1, is involved as long as the spatial association does not contain temporal elements; conversely, CA1 is involved when a temporal element is included, regardless of whether there are spatial elements present. In the present study, rats were run on an object-trace-place paired-associate learning paradigm. Rats with CA3 as well as rats with CA1 lesions showed deficits in the acquisition of this task. These results suggest that CA1 is involved in making arbitrary associations involving a temporal (trace) element, whereas CA3 is involved in making associations that involve spatial elements; furthermore, CA1 and CA3 interact in the presence of both spatial and temporal information.