老年人口腔疾病特点与治疗探讨

目的 探讨老年人口腔疾病的特点与治疗.方法 从老年口腔疾病的主要类型进行分析.结果 危害老年人口腔健康的四大疾病:龋齿、牙齿磨耗、牙周病和口腔黏膜病及混合发病.结论 应针对影响老年人口腔健康因素采取措施,从而提高老年人生活质量.     

牙周炎治疗前后口腔挥发性硫化物质量浓度变化的便携式气相色谱仪检测

背景:口气中挥发性硫化物是近年来牙周病学的研究热点。目前,有关牙周治疗对挥发性硫化物3种主要成分质量浓度影响的报道较少。目的:采用便携式气相色谱仪(OralChromaTM)检测牙周炎患者口腔挥发性硫化物的质量浓度变化。方法:采用鼻闻法评定口臭值筛选出全身健康牙周炎患者40例,应用便携式气相色谱仪(OralChromaTM)测定牙周基础治疗前及治疗后1周牙周炎患者口气挥发性硫化物中3种主要成分气体(硫化氢、甲基硫醇和二甲基硫)的质量浓度。牙周治疗包括龈上洁治、龈下刮治和根面平整及牙周冲洗。结果与结论:牙周基础治疗后患者牙周状况得到改善,口气中挥发性硫化物质量浓度显著降低(P0.01),其中硫化氢、甲基硫醇的质量浓度降幅80%,二甲基硫质量浓度降幅50%,硫化氢在3种气体中的质量浓度最高(P0.01)。牙周治疗后口臭值显著低于治疗前(P0.01)。提示便携式气相色谱仪能有效检测口腔挥发性硫化物的主要成分和质量浓度变化,准确反映口臭程度的改变。牙周治疗是减轻牙周炎患者口臭程度和降低口气中挥发性硫化物质量浓度的有效方法。     

庆大霉素复合制剂治疗轻型复发性阿弗他溃疡的疗效观察

复发性阿弗他溃疡又名复发性口腔溃疡,其患病率居口腔黏膜病之首[1],主要表现为口腔黏膜上皮、固有层及黏膜下层的炎症反应.患者口腔内灼痛明显,发作轻者数月一次,重者连续发作,严重影响患者的生活质量.在临床上分为轻型、重型和疱疹样型3种.由于其病因复杂,目前还没有找到根治的特效方法.我们对2009年6月至2010年8月的患者使用由庆大霉素、地塞米松、维生素C和丁卡因等组成的复合制剂对轻型复发性阿弗他溃疡进行治疗,取得了较好的疗效,现报告如下.     

口腔负压治疗原发性高血压及对甲襞微循环影响的初步观察

目的:观察口腔负压对原发性高血压患者的治疗作用,探讨其微循环机制。方法:应用Hices口腔负压仪,对6例原发性高血压患者治疗3个疗程,观察临床治疗效果;8例原发性高血压患者作为对照组;治疗前后所有患者均进行甲襞微循环观察。结果:经口腔负压治疗后,疗效满意,表现为血压、体征不同程度的缓解和消失,总有效率达83.3%,微循环障碍明显改善,由治疗前的中度异常恢复到大致正常,总积分值由3.22±0.22降低至1.89±0.16。结论:口腔负压对原发性高血压患者具有较好的辅助治疗效果,其机制与改善微循环障碍有关。     

唾液腺肿瘤病理诊断规范

唾液腺肿瘤种类繁多,规范化的唾液腺肿瘤病理诊断报告是患者治疗策略选择和预后评估的重要依据。由中华口腔医学会口腔病理学专业委员会牵头病理及相关专业专家,制定了唾液腺肿瘤病理标本固定、取材及报告内容等的规范。本规范反映了2017版WHO唾液腺肿瘤分类中的一些变化,包含了与肿瘤诊断、治疗相关的较为特异性的免疫组织化学及分子检测指标等。该规范的制定旨在提高我国唾液腺肿瘤病理报告质量、优化患者临床治疗实践及预后评估。     

针对白血病并口腔真菌感染的护理措施

目的 探讨急性白血病病人合并口腔真菌感染的护理方法.提高其治愈率.方法 对口腔真菌感染患者行碳酸氢钠、制霉菌素溶液漱口,雾化吸入,心理护理,饮食管理.结果 18例患者15例口腔黏膜及舌面恢复完整,口腔拭子涂片未找到真菌,临床效果满意.结论 碳酸氢钠配合并制霉菌素溶液漱口可用于治疗口腔真菌感染,合理的口腔护理可促进口腔真菌感染愈合,有效减少了院内深部真菌感染的发生.     

口腔正畸临床依从性的探讨

目的了解口腔正畸临床依从性的影响因素，探讨提高口腔正畸临床依从性的方法。方法对500例接受口腔正畸治疗的患者进行分析、总结。结果口腔正畸临床依从性不但体现在如何对待矫治装置、是否按预约时间复诊、口腔卫生的保持等，还包括心理状态、个性特征及家庭和社会环境等多方面。通过健康教育、加强医患交流、心理辅导、简化治疗等措施能改善口腔正畸患者的临床依从性。结论在正畸治疗的各个阶段，对各种心理类型的患者有针对性地采用不同的对策，进行心理辅导，消除不良心态，使其在治疗过程中保持良好的依从性，可帮助正畸患者取得良好、稳定的疗效。     

北京地区二级以上口腔医疗机构资源配置及诊疗服务开展现况研究

目的 调查北京地区二级以上口腔医疗机构资源配置及诊疗服务开展现况。方法 2017年对北京地区二级以上口腔医疗机构（综合治疗台≥4台）进行现场调研,对各项评价指标分类汇总、分析。结果 三级口腔医疗机构的牙科综合治疗台和口腔医师数量多集中在10~19台/人次,日均门诊量集中在50~150人次/d,医疗总量多≥1000万元/年,口腔医师多为硕士学历、中级职称。二级口腔医疗机构多＜10台/人次,二级口腔医疗机构的日均门诊量多＜50人次/d,医疗总量多≤500万元/年,口腔医师多为本科学历、初级职称。三级、二级口腔医疗机构在口腔种植和口腔正畸专业开展方面有显著性差异;美学根尖手术、激光治疗、冠延长术等诊疗技术开展方面有显著性差异。结论 口腔医疗机构医疗质量管理水平及口腔医师工作效率需提高,应尝试进行口腔医疗机构医疗诊疗功能定位研究,探讨如何高质高效地发挥口腔医疗机构的服务功能。     

计算机辅助设计与制作(CAD-CAM)在口腔科的应用

CAD-CAM在口腔临床上的应用,尤其在口腔修复科全瓷冠、套筒冠的修复以及口腔种植领域的应用,提高了修复体的制作效率和质量。该文就CAD-CAM在口腔修复中的应用新进展作一综述。     

1例大疱性表皮松解症患儿的护理体会

目的：探讨大疱性表皮松解症患儿的临床护理方法。方法我科于2014年2月收治1例大疱性表皮松解症患儿,对患儿进行精心细致的保护性隔离、皮肤护理、饮食护理、口腔黏膜护理、睡眠护理等护理干预。结果进过治疗和精心细致的护理后,患儿的病情得到好转。结论在临床护理EB患儿时,应首先做好保护性隔离措施,然后从皮肤、饮食、口腔黏膜以及睡眠等方面进行科学有效的针对性护理,以降低感染发生几率,提高患儿生活质量。     

Detection of specific local immunity factors in children with herpetic diseases of the oral mucosa

Specimens of mixed untreated saliva from 3 groups of children were tested for antibodies to herpes virus by the fluorescent antibody technique (33 children with acute herpes stomatitis, 64 with recurrent herpes stomatitis, and 30 in the control group). Herpes virus antibodies were found in the saliva in 27.2 +/- 7.7% of the cases at the peak of acute stomatitis and in 77.7 +/- 10.0% of cases in the period of epithelization, in 84.6 +/- 10.0% of the examined subjects the antibodies were detected 2-4 months after the disease. Examinations of 64 saliva specimens obtained from the children during one of the relapses of chronic stomatitis demonstrated antibodies more frequently (59.3 +/- 8.0%) than in children at the peak of acute stomatitis disease. A trend for increased antibody content in the saliva of children by the period of epithelization of lesions in the buccal cavity both in acute stomatitis and during relapses of chronic disease was observed. No herpes antibodies were found in saliva specimens from 30 children of the control group.     

Interferon induction by vesicular stomatitis virus and its role in virus replication.

Antibody against human fibroblast interferon increased the yields of vesicular stomatitis virus in human cells. The results show that endogenous interferon produced in the course of multicycle vesicular stomatitis virus infection depresses virus yields.     

Infection of guinea pigs with vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus Transmitted by Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

Intrathoracically inoculated Culicoides sonorensis Wirth & Jones were capable of transmitting vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (family Rhabdoviridae, genus Vesiculovirus, VSNJV) during blood feeding on the abdomen of six guinea pigs. None of the guinea pigs infected in this manner developed clinical signs of vesicular stomatitis despite seroconversion for VSNJV. Guinea pigs infected by intradermal inoculations of VSNJV in the abdomen also failed to develop clinical signs of vesicular stomatitis. Three guinea pigs given intradermal inoculations of VSNJV in the foot pad developed lesions typical of vesicular stomatitis. Transmission by the bite of C. sonorensis may have facilitated guinea pig infection with VSNJV because a single infected C. sonorensis caused seroconversion and all guinea pigs infected by insect bite seroconverted compared with 50% of the guinea pigs infected by intradermal inoculation with a higher titer VSNJV inoculum. The role of C. sonorensis in the transmission of VSNJV is discussed.     

Replication of vesicular stomatitis virus in murine spleen cells: enrichment of the virus-replicating lymphocytes and analysis of replication restriction.

Vesicular stomatitis virus (Indiana strain) will only grow in T lymphocytes which have been stimulated to undergo cell division. Evidence is presented that a considerable enrichment of the vesicular stomatitis virus-replicating T cells may be accomplished in the mouse spleen by passing the spleen cells over glass wool columns. By using this procedure experiments were performed to study the nature of the block in vesicular stomatitis virus replication in unstimulated (nonpermissive) versus mitogen-stimulated (permissive) splenic T cells. The results show that, as is the case in permissive T-cell lines, stimulated normal T cells allow the synthesis of the 42S virion ribonucleic acid.     

Rescue of vesicular stomatitis virus from homologous and heterologous interferon-induced resistance in human cell cultures by poxviruses.

In human cell cultures the ability of poxviruses to rescue vesicular stomatitis virus from human interferon-induced resistance was significantly more efficient than the ability to rescue it from simian interferon-induced resistance. The sensitivity of the poxvirus to interferon was not related to its ability to rescue vesicular stomatitis virus.     

In vivo interference in vesicular stomatitis virus infection.

Inactivated defective interfering and complete particles of vesicular stomatitis virus given intracerebrally to adult mice protect them against challenge with homologous virus whether this is given at the same time or several days later. Two separate protective processes appear to be involved. The first, which comes into operation immediately after inoculation, is also effective against heterologous strains of vesicular stomatitis virus, rabies (another rhabdovirus), and a neurotropic strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus. The second, later effect, which is strain specific, appears to be correlated with the appearance of circulating neutralizing antibody. Our results suggest that the protective effect that Holland and his colleagues described using defective interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus may also be accounted for by an immunological mechanism rather than one involving interference.     

CT图像质量和辐射剂量的影响因素研究

目的对自动曝光技术性能进行定量评价。方法①在自动曝光方式下,检测肩部体模偏离扫描野中心时,噪声和有效mAs的变化。②在自动曝光和手动固定曝光方式下,对圆锥体模用头部和腹部方案分别进行螺旋扫描,比较2种曝光方式噪声和有效mAs随体模直径的变化。结果体模偏离扫描野中心25mm及以上时,图像的噪声在统计学上有显著差异．辐射剂量降低幅度依赖体模直径,体模位置明显影响图像质量和辐射剂量。结论在自动曝光方式下,体模位置明显影响图像质量和辐射剂量,辐射剂量降低幅度与体模的结构和大小有关。     

Biological transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus (New Jersey serotype) by Simulium vittatum (Diptera: Simuliidae) to domestic swine (Sus scrofa)

The role of hematophagous arthropods in vesicular stomatitis virus (New Jersey serotype; VSV-NJ) transmission during epizootics has remained unclear for decades in part because it has never been shown that clinical or subclinical disease in a livestock host results from the bite of an infected insect. In this study, we investigated the ability of VSV-NJ-infected black flies (Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt) to transmit the virus to domestic swine, Sus scrofa L. Experimental evidence presented here clearly demonstrates that VSV-NJ was transmitted from black flies to the swine. Transmission was confirmed by seroconversion or by the presence of clinical vesicular stomatitis followed by seroconversion. Our results represent the first report of clinical vesicular stomatitis in a livestock host after virus transmission by an insect.     

Antiviral activity in interferon-treated bovine tracheal organ cultures.

The effect of bovine interferon on the replication of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and vesicular stomatitis virus in bovine tracheal organ cultures was studied. After treatment of tracheal organ cultures with interferon, inhibition of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and vesicular stomatitis virus replication was observed. This tracheal organ system may be useful in determining the in vivo response to interferon for viral infections of the bovine respiratory tract.     

腹部螺旋CT血管成像图像质量与辐射剂量的关系

目的探讨在行腹部CT血管成像（CTA）检查时图像质量与辐射剂量的关系,以求获得最高的质量剂量比。方法收集2008年3月至2012年4月在本院行腹部CTA的患者270例,随机分成管电压、管电流及螺距组,每组90例。管电压组分140、120、100kV3级,每级30例;管电流组分400、300、200mA3级,每级30例;螺距组分0．5、1、1．53级,每级30例。采用64排螺旋CT扫描从膈顶2cm到腹主动脉髂总动脉分叉处,在腹主动脉近端设置触发兴趣区。当造影剂CT值达到120HU时,触发扫描并记录辐射剂量。把动脉期容积数据发送到Vitrea工作站进行最大密度投影（MIP）、容积再现（vRT）处理,通过血管的显影、饱满度、整体性、对比度、伪影等的综合得分来评估图像质量,进而对比各组的图像质量与辐射剂量。结果管电压组中随着管电压从140kV下降到100kV,腹部CTA的图像质量与辐射剂量均下降,辐射剂量的下降程度更大（P〈0．05）。120kV与140kV的图像质量均在优良以上,差异没有统计学意义（P=0．19）,100、120kV管电压下的图像质量比140kV时分别下降41．3％（P〈0．05）、8．7％。患者采用的辐射剂量从140kV下降到100kV逐渐下降,3级管电压组之间辐射剂量的差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）,120kV的图像质量剂量比最高。管电流组中,随着管电流从400mA下降到200mA,腹部CTA的图像质量与辐射剂量同时下降,但辐射剂量的下降程度更大（P〈0．05）,300mA与400mA的图像质量均在优良以上,差异没有统计学意义（P=O．21）,200、300mA管电流下的图像质量比400mA时下降了40．4％（P〈0．05）、10．6％。患者采用的辐射剂量从400mA到200mA逐渐下降,3级管电流组之间辐射剂量的差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）,300mA的质量剂量比最高。螺距组中,随着螺距从0．5上升到1．5,腹部CTA的图像质量和辐射剂量同时下降,辐射剂量下降程度更大（P〈0．05）。螺距1与0．5的图像质量均在优良以上,差异没有统计学意义（P=0．20）,螺距1．5的图像质量比螺距0．5、1时下降了50．O％（P〈0．05）、10．9％。在患者采用辐射剂量上,螺距0．5、1、1．53级螺距组之间辐射剂量的差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）,1的质量剂量比最高。结论适当的降低管电压、管电流及增加螺距,图像质量虽有所下降,但能满足诊断要求,而辐射剂量下降的幅度更大,这有利于x线的全民防护。