中文版布罗塞特暴力风险评估量表的效度和信度检验

目的:测评布罗塞特暴力风险评估量表(BVC)中文版(BVC-C)的效度和信度。方法:经原作者授权,将英文版BVC量表翻译为中文,邀请从事精神科工作20年以上的5名专家(3名临床医生及2名护士)对该评估工具进行内容效度评定,结果应用内容效度指数(CVI)表示。选取556例诊断符合疾病和有关健康问题国际统计分类第十次修订本(ICD-10)诊断标准的各种精神障碍患者进行正式测试。应用BVC量表每8h对患者评估一次,应用修订版外显攻击行为量表(MOAS)检验量表的同时效度;根据攻击真实结果检验量表的效标效度;应用Cronbachα系数检验内部一致性信度。结果:量表的内容效度指数为0.93;除自身攻击分量表外,MOAS总分及其他3个分量表得分与中文版BVC总分及条目得分均正相关(r=0.11~0.69,P0.01);经分析8h的效标效度最佳,ROC曲线下面积AUC为0.98,截断点为2时,工具的灵敏度为78.9%,特异度为95.1%。内部一致性信度Cronbachα系数为0.76,题总相关性r=0.47~0.80(P0.01)。结论:中文版BVC量表具有较好的效度和信度,可作为国内精神科暴力风险评估的有效预测工具。     

认知灵活性问卷中文版测评大学生样本的效度和信度

目的:分析认知灵活性问卷(CFI)中文版在大学生样本中的效度和信度。方法:选取广东、江西、湖北、浙江四省及北京市的大学生745人完成CFI中文版,并以认知灵活性量表(CFS)、流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D)及简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)为效标。对数据进行条目分析、验证性因子分析、效标关联效度分析和内部一致性信度及合成信度检验;3周后随机选取其中99名被试进行重测。结果:条目分析显示CFI中文版的20个条目具有良好的区分度;验证性因子分析表明,修订后的问卷结构与原版问卷一致,两因子模型拟合良好(χ~2/df=3.52,CFI=0.90,NNFI=0.89,SRMR=0.06,RMSEA=0.06);CFI得分与CES-D的抑郁情绪、躯体症状与活动迟滞、人际问题得分及SCSQ的消极应对得分呈负相关(r=-0.36、-0.33、-0.34、-0.26,均P0.001),与CFS得分及CES-D的积极情绪、SCSQ的积极应对得分呈正相关(r=0.72、0.44、0.48,均P0.001);总问卷及可选择性、可控性两个维度的Cronbachα系数与合成信度均在0.80以上,重测信度均在0.65以上。结论:认知灵活性问卷(CFI)中文版在大学生样本中具有良好的测量学性质,可以用于评估大学生的认知灵活性。     

生活规律量表中文版的信效度检验

目的对生活规律量表中文版进行初步的修订和信效度检验。方法根据量表修订的方法,在某大学选取3352在校大学生和研究生被试进行测试,分析中文版的信度和效度。结果生活规律各项目的项目鉴别力良好(r=0.606～0.797,P<0.001);内部一致性系数为0.888,分半信度0.892,重测信度为0.355～0.424;效标关联效度理想。结论生活规律量表的中文版在大学生中具有较高的信效度。     

简式UPPS-P冲动行为量表在大学生中的信度效度检测

目的:检验简式UPPS-P冲动行为量表(Short Version of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale,S-UPPS-P)在大学生中的信度和效度。方法:调查725名大学生,回收有效问卷693份,并在四周后随机选取116名大学生进行重测。另用UPPS冲动行为量表检验内容效度,用Barratt冲动量表(BIS-11)、米氏边缘性人格障碍检测表(MSI-BPD)与Buss和Perry攻击问卷中文版(AQ-CV)检验效标关联效度。结果:S-UPPS-P中文版包括负性急迫性、缺乏坚持性、缺乏预见性、感觉寻求和正性急迫性5个因子,共20个条目;总问卷的内部一致性信度和重测信度都为0.77,五个维度的内部一致性信度分别为0.67、0.69、0.71、0.69、0.80,重测信度分别为0.77、0.65、0.63、0.66、0.75,合成信度分别为0.80、0.81、0.85、0.82、0.87;验证性因素分析结果显示五因素模型拟合良好(χ~2/df=2.41,NFI=0.90,CFI=0.94,IFI=0.94,TLI=0.93,RMSEA=0.05);量表总分与UPPS、BIS-11、MSI-BPD、AQ-CV得分呈正相关(r=0.60、0.53、0.26、0.34,均P0.01)。结论:S-UPPS-P中文版具有良好的信度和效度,可以用于评估中国大学生的冲动性。     

低头症量表的中文版修订

目的:修订低头症量表中文版,探讨该量表在中国文化背景下的因素结构,并检验其信效度。方法:在大学生群体中发放问卷1000份,回收有效问卷881份,另用手机成瘾倾向量表、社交网站使用强度量表和中文网络成瘾量表修订版作为效标,4周后随机抽取80名学生进行重测。结果:探索性因素分析得到沟通障碍和手机痴迷2个因子,特征根分别为3.132和1.600,累积方差贡献率为59.146%。验证性因素分析显示数据拟合良好(χ~2/df=2.719,CFI=0.962,TLI=0.944,GFI=0.968,IFI=0.962,NFI=0.941,AGFI=0.940,RMSEA=0.065,SRMR=0.052);总量表及2个分量表内部一致性信度在0.721-0.781之间,重测信度在0.722-0.745之间;总量表及2个分量表得分与手机成瘾倾向量表的相关(r=0.451-0.615,P0.01)、与社交网站使用强度得分的相关(r=0.226-0.372,P0.01)、与中文网络成瘾量表得分的相关(r=0.424-0.565,P0.01)均有统计学意义,表明该量表具有较好的效标关联效度。结论:低头症量表中文版具有良好的信度和效度,可以用于大学生低头症测量。     

药物治疗满意度量表第二版中文版测评高血压患者的效度和信度

目的:评价药物治疗满意度量表第二版(TSQM-Ⅱ)中文版在高血压患者中的效度和信度。方法:使用TSQM-Ⅱ、Morisky服药依从性量表(MMAS-8)对445例在某三级甲等综合医院及某社区卫生服务中心的高血压患者施测。采用量表内容效度指数(S-CVI)和条目内容效度指数(I-CVI)评价TSQM-Ⅱ的内容效度,采用探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析检验其结构效度,采用MMAS-8检验实证效度,用内部一致性信度、重测信度检验信度。结果:TSQM-Ⅱ的S-CVI为0.95,I-CVI在0.83~1.00之间;探索性因子分析共抽取3个公因子,累积方差解释率为88.50%;验证性因子分析各项拟合指标良好(χ^2/df=2.36,GFI=0.90,RMSEA=0.08,RMR=0.03);MMAS-8得分与TSQM-Ⅱ各。维度及总量表得分均呈正相关(r=0.38~0.41,均P<0.01)。量表Cronbachα系数为0.92,折半系数为0.83,重测信度为0.87。结论:药物治疗满意度量表第二版(TSQM-Ⅱ)中文版在高血压患者中具有良好效度和信度,适用于评价高血压患者的药物治疗满意度水平,但其效标效度尚须进一步研究。     

正性负性信息注意量表中文版测试大学生样本的效度和信度

目的:引进正性负性信息注意量表(APNI),并在大学生样本中检验其效度和信度,为国内研究者提供一个便捷可靠的认知偏向测评工具。方法:对APNI英文版进行翻译、回译、再翻译和修订。选取两个样本共1450名大学生进行施测,样本1(n=1000)用于条目分析、探索性因子分析、效标效度及信度分析,样本2(n=450)用于验证性因子分析;在样本1中随机选取68名大学生间隔1周进行重测。用贝克抑郁量表(BDI-II)和病人健康问卷(PHQ-9)检验效标效度。结果:条目分析显示APNI中文版的22个条目具有良好的区分度。探索性因子分析显示量表包含正性信息注意和负性信息注意两个因子;验证性因子分析显示量表具有良好的拟合指标(χ2=1376,RMESA=0.09,CFI=0.94);BDI-II、PHQ-9总分均与API得分呈负相关(r=-0.24、-0.29,均P0.01),而与ANI得分均呈正相关(r=0.36、0.31,均P0.01)。APNI两个分量表的内部一致性α系数分别为0.86和0.82,重测信度分别为0.79和0.62。结论:正性负性信息注意量表中文版在大学生样本中具有良好的效度和信度,可以用来评估我国大学生群体的认知偏向特点。     

愤怒反刍思维量表中文版大学生人群信效度检验

目的:探讨"愤怒反刍思维量表(Anger Rumination Scale,ARS)"在中国大学生中的适用性及信度和效度检验。方法:采用方便抽样的方法,抽取434名大学生完成ARS量表的初测,抽取508名大学生完成ARS量表的正式施测,ARS量表正式施测时,同时完成作为效标的反刍思维量表(Ruminative Responses Scale,RRS)、特质愤怒量表(Trait Anger Scale,TAS)、攻击量表(Aggression Questionnaire,AQ)的测试,其中107名大学生四周后重测ARS量表。结果:ARS量表中文版的内部一致性信度为0.868,重测信度为0.679,条目-总分相关分析和因素分析结果表明中文版ARS量表与英文版保持了一致的量表结构,并有良好的效标关联效度,与各效标之间的相关系数分别为0.501,0.546,0.611。结论:ARS量表具有良好的信度与效度,可用于大学生愤怒反刍思维水平的评估。     

心理一致感利兹堡简短版(SOC-L9)中文版的信效度检验

目的 对心理一致感利兹堡简短版(SOC-L9)中文版进行初步的修订和信效度检验.方法 根据量表修订的方法,在某大学选取3349名在校大学生和研究生被试进行测试,分析中文版的信度和效度.结果 项目分析结果表明SOC-L9各项目的项目鉴别力良好(r=0.315～0.698);内部一致性系数为0.732,分半信度0.757,重测信度为0.621;效标关联效度理想.结论 心理一致感利兹堡简短版(SOC-L9)的中文版在大学生中具有较高的信效度.     

中文版ECOS-16问卷在骨质疏松患者中的应用信效度

目的:翻译英文版16条目骨质疏松症患者健康相关生存质量评估问卷(16-item Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life in Osteoporosis,ECOS-16),并验证其在骨质疏松患者中的信效度.方法:对英文版问卷进行翻译汉化,通过便利抽样的方法对97名骨质疏松患者进行调查,收集数据并进行项目分析、探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析、效标效度、内容效度、内部一致性及重测信度等检验和分析.结果:在效度方面,中文版ECOS-16问卷共计16个条目,各个条目的鉴别效度均较好;在结构效度方面,可分为疼痛、躯体功能和心理功能3个维度,共可解释69.3%的方差贡献率,各条目因子载荷度0.501~0.863,共同度0.479~0.733,与总分的相关性0.483~0.822,同时各拟合指数均在合理范围内;在效标关联效度方面,问卷各维度与简明健康测量问卷(Short Form 36 Health survey Questionnaire,SF-36)对应维度的相关系数在?0.632~?0.489(P<0.01);在内容效度方面,各条目的内容效度0.94~1.0,量表的总内容效度为0.90;各维度间的相关性系数r=0.406~0.465(P<0.05),各维度与总量表的相关性系数0.635~0.732(P<0.05);在信度方面,问卷的总克伦巴赫α系数为0.898,重测信度为0.918.结论:中文版ECOS-16问卷具有较高的信效度,适用于中国骨质疏松患者的生活质量评估.     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Counterpointing the functional role of the forebrain and of the brainstem in the control of the sleep-waking system

This paper reviews the lifetime contributions of the author to the field of sleep-wakefulness (S-W), reinterprets results of the early studies, and suggests new conclusions and perspectives. Long-term cats with mesencephalic transection show behavioral/polygraphic rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), including the typical oculo-pupillary behavior, even when the section is performed in kittens prior to S-W maturation. REMS can be induced as a reflex. Typical non-rapid eye movement S (NREMS) is absent and full W/arousal is present only after a precollicular section. The isolated forebrain (IF) rostral to the transection exhibits all features of W/arousal and NREMS [with electroencephalographic (EEG) spindles and delta waves], arousal to olfactory stimuli, and including the appropriate oculo-pupillary behaviors. These features also mature normally after neonatal transection. REMS is absent from the IF. After deprivation there is NREMS pressure and rebound in the IF, but the decerebrate cat only shows pressure for REMS. Most IF reactions to pharmacologic agents are within expectations, except for the tolerance/withdrawal effects of long-term morphine use which are absent. In contrast, these effects are supported by the brainstem (i.e. seen in the decerebrate cat). In cats with ablation of the telencephalon, or diencephalic cats, delta waves are absent in the thalamus. EEG thalamic spindle waves are seen triggering S for only 4-5 days after ablation. Therefore, true NREMS is absent in chronic diencephalic cats although pre- and postsomniac behaviors persist. These animals are hyperactive and show a pronounced, permanent insomnia; however, a low dose of barbiturate triggers a dramatic REMS/atypical NREMS rebound. Cats without the thalamus (athalamic cats), initially show a dissociation between behavioral hyperactivity/insomnia and the neocortical EEG, which for 15-20 days exhibits only delta and slower oscillations. Fast, low-voltage W rhythms appear later on, first during REMS, but spindle waves and S postures are absent from the start, such that these cats also display only atypical NREMS. Athalamic cats also show barbiturate-sensitive insomnia. Cats with ablation of the frontal cortices or the caudate nuclei remain permanently hyperactive. They also show a mild, but significant hyposomnia, which is permanent in afrontal cats, but lasts for about a month in acaudates. The polygraphic/behavioral features of their S-W states remain normal. We conclude and propose that: (a) the control of the S-W system is highly complex and distributed, but is organized hierarchically in a well-defined rostro-caudal manner; the rostral-most or highest level (telencephalon), is the most functionally complex/adaptative and regulates the lower levels; the diencephalic/basal forebrain, or middle level, has a pivotal role in inducing switching between S and W and in coordinating the lowest (brainstem) and highest levels; (b) W can occur independently in both the forebrain and brainstem, but true NREMS- and REMS-generating mechanisms exist exclusively in the forebrain and brainstem, respectively; (c) forebrain and brainstem S-W processes can operate independently from each other and are preprogrammed at birth; this helps understanding normal and abnormal polygraphic/behavioral dissociations in humans and normal dissociations/splitting in aquatic mammals; (d) NREMS homeostasis is present in the IF, but only REMS pressure after deprivation persists in the decerebrate cat; (e) the thalamus engages in both NREMS and W; (f) insomnia in diencephalic cats is the result of an imbalance between antagonistic W- and S-promoting cellular groups in the ventral brain (normally modulated by the telencephalon); (g) the EEG waves, which are signature for each S-W state, appear to truly drive the concomitant behaviors, e.g. a hypothetical human IF could alternate between behavioral NREMS and W/arousal/awareness; (h) a role for REMS is to keep the individual sleeping at the end of the self-limiting NREMS periods. The need for accelerating research on telencephaling NREMS periods. The need for accelerating research on telencephalic S-W processes and downstream control of the lower S-W system levels is emphasized.     

Ultrastructure of the endothelium of the drainage system of the eye

The endothelium of the ocular drainage system (Schlemm’s canal, collector tubules, and aqueous veins) in primary juvenile glaucoma undergoes degenerative dystrophic changes with compensatory hypertrophy and proliferation at the initial stages of the glaucomatous process and atrophy and desquamation at advanced and terminal stages. Progressive decrease in the pinocytous function of endotheliocytes, reduction of the protein-synthesizing and mitochondrial compartments of the cytoplasm, and formation of autophagosomes reflect the process of endotheliocyte degeneration in general. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 145, No. 5, pp. 574–577, May, 2008     

The development of the ligament of the head of the femur

The hip joints of 30 human male and female fetuses and stillborns between 20 mm and 350 mm crown-rump length were studied by light microscopy. The ligament of the head of the femur developed in situ as a condensation of mesenchyme at the end of the second month of intra-uterine life (IUL), and was vascularized by branches of acetabular vessels early in the fourth month. In the majority of fetuses older than 5.5 months IUL, vessels in the ligament passed a short way into the femoral head within cartilage canals, to supply a small region around the fovea capitis. The remainder of the head was supplied by vessels in canals from around the upper part of the neck. The ligament changed from predominantly cellular to fibrous during the last 4 months of IUL. This increase in strength suggested significant mechanical functions in utero: limitation of adduction-flexion and opposition to postero-superior dislocation were the most likely.     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

电磁辐射生物效应的机理研究述评

电磁辐射好似一束带刺儿的玫瑰,她所奉献的物质文明绚丽多彩,日新月异;但人类在享用的同时,也必须提防被刺儿扎着。随着社会的发展,环境中的电磁辐射剂量（能量密度）会呈几何级数式增长。有人把电磁污染称为除空气、水、噪声污染以外的第四类污染。而且是看不见、听...