HSPA5基因3'UTR 区多态性与肝细胞癌的相关性

目的 调查70kDa热休克蛋白5(HSPA5)基因3'非翻译区(UTR)的多态性与HCC发病风险之间的关系.方法 从576例肝细胞癌患者和539例在性别和年龄上匹配的健康对照者外周血中提取DNA,采用TaqMan检测HSPA5基因3'UTR区的rsl6927997、rsll40763和rsl2009.结果 连锁不平衡的分析确定了3种单倍型和6种双倍型.等位基因、基因型、单体型和双体型在肝癌患者和正常对照组之间的分布没有显著差异.结论 本研究表明,HSPA5基因3'UTR的多态性不是有效预测肝细胞癌风险的诊断标志物.     

NRAMP1基因3'UTR多态性与新疆维吾尔族人群结核病易感性的相关性研究

目的 研究人类自然抵抗相关巨噬细胞蛋白1(NRAMP1)基因3'UTR多态性与新疆维吾尔族人群结核病易感性的相关性.方法 选取新疆维吾尔族人群活动性结核病患者224例,正常对照225例,用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)的方法对NRAMP1基因3'UTR进行基因分型,根据基因型对样本分组,经统计学处理,研究NRAMP1基因3'UTR多态性与结核病易感性的相关性.结果 在新疆维吾尔族人群活动性结核病患者中3'UTR TGTG/TGTG基因型159例(71.1%),TGTG/TGTG缺失基因型56例(24.9%),TGTG缺失/TGTG缺失基因型9例(4.0%);正常对照TGTG/TGTG基因型则为185例(82.2%),TGTG/TGTG缺失基因型36例(16.0%),TGTG缺失/TGTG缺失基因型4例(1.8%).正常对照组TGTG/TGTG基因型频率明显高于结核患者(X2=7.94,P<0.01).研究发现TGTG的等位基因频率为0.87,TGTG缺失的等位基因频率为0.13.结论 在新疆维吾尔族人群中NRAMP1基因3'UTR多态性与结核病易感性有明显相关性.     

microRNA在系统性红斑狼疮中的作用及其机制的研究进展北大核心CSCD

系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)病因未明、发病机制复杂。microRNA(miRNA)是一类非编码RNA分子,通过与靶基因mRNA3'UTR相互作用,使靶基因mRNA降解或翻译抑制,作为转录后基因沉默的调控分子,miRNA调控的免疫细胞发育和功能异常与自身免疫病相关。研究证实多种miRNA与SLE发病及免疫功能异常密切相关,在SLE患者中表达上调或下调并与疾病活动度相关。研究表明miRNA可能通过以下方式参与SLE发病:1型干扰素通路;异常的炎性因子分泌;DNA低甲基化和组织炎症等。本文综述了miRNA与SLE发病之间的关系及作用机制研究进展。     

microRNA在系统性红斑狼疮中的作用及其机制的研究进展

系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)病因未明、发病机制复杂。microRNA(miRNA)是一类非编码RNA分子,通过与靶基因mRNA3'UTR相互作用,使靶基因mRNA降解或翻译抑制,作为转录后基因沉默的调控分子,miRNA调控的免疫细胞发育和功能异常与自身免疫病相关。研究证实多种miRNA与SLE发病及免疫功能异常密切相关,在SLE患者中表达上调或下调并与疾病活动度相关。研究表明miRNA可能通过以下方式参与SLE发病:1型干扰素通路;异常的炎性因子分泌;DNA低甲基化和组织炎症等。本文综述了miRNA与SLE发病之间的关系及作用机制研究进展。     

转录因子FOXP3基因多态性与广西壮族系统性红斑狼疮的遗传易感性

目的 探讨转录因子FOXP3基因单核苷酸多态性与广西壮族系统性红斑狼疮(systematic lupus erythematosus,SLE)易感性之间的关系.方法 以120例SLE患者和160名健康对照者为研究对象,应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性和DNA测序的方法对FOXP3基因-2383 C/T、-3281 C/A单核苷酸多态性进行基因分型.结果 FOXP3基因-3281 C/A多态性在SLE组和正常人群中的分布差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而FOXP3基因-2383 C/T多态性在两组人群中的分布差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),等位基因频率的相对风险分析发现,-2383 T等位基因携带者患系统性红斑狼疮的风险是-2383 C等位基因的1.715倍(OR=1.715,95%CI:1.165～2.525).联合基因型分析发现,FOXP3的-2383 T/-3281 A等位基因频率在SLE组中显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),-2383 T/-3281 A等位基因携带者显著增加了SLE的发病风险(OR=2.196,95%CI:1.165～4.142).结论 FOXP3基因-2383 C/T多态性与SLE的发病具有相关性,其中-2383 T等位基因可能是SLE的遗传易感基因.     

mRNA差异显示技术对环境诱发系统性红斑狼疮基因表达谱改变的研究

目的 比较环境因素诱发系统性红斑狼疮患者(SLE)与健康人外周血单个核细胞基因表达水平的差异.方法 选择5例无家族发病案例的SLE患者与5例健康人外周血单个核细胞,提取总RNA进行扩增、Cy3染色后,与Agilcnt 4X44K人全基因组芯片杂交,筛选差异表达基因进行基因实体(GO)分析和信息通路(pathway)分析.以qRT-PCR验证芯片结果.结果 5例SLE患者共同有2435个相对于健康人的差异基因表达(判断值=2.0).GO分析结果表明,生物过程中差异表达基因占32.08%(512/1596),其他比例较高的有细胞过程、生物调控、细胞代谢等;分子功能中差异表达基因占34.09%(544/1596),其较高比例依次为结合、催化活性、传感活性和转录调节活性;细胞组分方面差异表达基因33.83%(540/1596),主要涉及细胞与细胞部分两方面,其次为细胞器.Pathway分析显示免疫系统信号及B细胞受体通道中各有12个基因的表达发生了差异性改变,而T细胞受体、表皮生长因子受体1、IL-12介导的信号等通道均有10个基因表达明显差异.分析发现SLE患者在炎性反应与自身免疫相关基因方面有45个基因发生明显改变,其中11个上调,34个下调;细胞外基质和黏附分子方面有5个相关基因改变其中5个上调,1个下凋.qRT-PCR结果与芯片结果比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 5例无家族发病案例的SLE患者与健康人外周血单个核细胞基因表达水平存在明显的差异.     

白细胞介素-18基因多态性与广西壮族系统性红斑狼疮的遗传易感性

目的 探讨白细胞介素-18(interleukin 18,IL-18)基因单核苷酸多态性与广西壮族系统性红斑狼疮(systematic lupus erythematosus,SLE)易感性之间的关系.方法 以115例SLE患者和160名健康对照者为研究对象,应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性和DNA测序的方法对IL-18基因-137G/C、-607C/A单核苷酸多态性进行基因分型.结果 IL-18基因-137G/C多态性在SLE组和正常人群中的分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而IL-18基因-607C/A多态性在两组人群中的分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),等位基因频率的相对风险分析发现,-607 C等位基因携带者患系统性红斑狼疮的风险是-607A等位基因的1.619倍(OR=1.619,95%CI:1.150-2.281).联合基因型分析发现,IL-18的-137G/-607C等位基因频率在SLE组中显著高于对照组(P<0.05).-137G/-607C等位基因携带者显著增加了SLE的发病风险(OR=1.484,95%CI:1.056-2.087).结论 IL-18基因-607C/A多态性与SLE的发病具有相关性,其中-607 C等位基因可能是SLE的遗传易感基因.     

系统性红斑狼疮患者干扰素γ受体基因多态性研究

目的初步探讨干扰素γ受体(interferonγreceptor,IFNγR)的两个氨基酸位点Val14Met和Gln64Arg多态性与系统性红斑狼疮(systemiclupuserythematosus,SLE)的相关性。方法采用聚合酶链反应单链构象多态性和聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态性及DNA测序方法对94例SLE患者和80名健康对照者进行基因分型。结果IFNγR1和IFNγR2基因型与SLE易感性无显著相关(P>0.01)。其中Arg64/Arg64基因型在两组患者间的分布差异有统计学意义(P=0.047,OR=2.481,95%可信区间为0.992～6.203)。此基因型在健康对照组中的分布频数高于SLE患者组,可能是一种具有保护作用的基因型。各个基因型的分布情况和优势比显示各基因型的组合与SLE的发病无显著相关(P>0.01)。其中Val14/Val14与Arg64/Arg64基因型的组合在两组患者间的分布差异有统计学意义(P=0.047,OR=2.481,95%可信区间为0.992～6.203)。此基因型组合在健康对照组中的分布频数高于SLE患者组,故这是一种可能具有保护作用的基因型组合。结论IFNγR1和IFNγR2基因型与SLE易感性无显著相关。     

SLE患者血清中Tim-3表达及其启动子区-1516G/T位点基因多态性分析

目的了解系统性红斑狼疮(systemiclupuserythematosus,SLE)患者血清中T细胞免疫球蛋白粘蛋白分子-3(T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain protein-3,Tim-3)水平表达情况,并探索其启动子区-1516G/T位点基因单核苷酸多态性(singlenucleotidepolymorphisms,SNPs)与深圳地区SLE患者之间的遗传易感性。方法收集2015年3月～2018年11月来深圳市福田区风湿病专科医院就诊并确诊为SLE患者105例为研究组,并选择同期来医院体检的健康人群120名为对照组,分别采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测Tim-3含量,同时采用聚合酶链反应(PCR-RFLP)技术对Tim-3启动子区-1516G/T位点基因SNPs多态性进行分析。结果 SLE组患者血清中Tim-3水平为29.61±8.34pg/mL,明显高于对照组健康人群的13.97±4.28pg/mL,差异有统计学意义(t=3.0251,P0.05);SLE组患者Tim-3启动子区-1516G/TTT基因型和T等位基因检出率分别为18.10%和33.33%,明显高于对照组的5.83%和20.00%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=3.0241～4.7265,P0.05);TT基因型SLE患者血清中Tim-3浓度为38.02±11.63pg/mL,明显高于GT基因型的31.24±9.06pg/mL和GG基因型的27.50±7.32pg/mL,差异有统计学意义(t=2.1954～2.8162,P0.05)。结论 Tim-3水平在SLE患者血清中呈高度表达,尤其TT基因型SLE患者增加更为明显,且Tim-3启动子区1516G/T位点基因多态性变异与深圳地区SLE遗传易感性有关,其中TT基因型和T等位基因可能是本地区SLE患者发病的易感基因之一。     

中国南方系统性红斑狼疮患者Fas-670基因多态性研究

目的:研究Fas-670基因多态性在中国南方地区汉族人群中的分布及其与系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)的相关性。方法:应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)-限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)方法,对103例SLE患者和110例中国南方地区汉族正常对照者进行了Fas-670基因多态性检测。结果:SLE患者Fas基因-670位点基因型和等位基因频率与正常对照组比较无显著差异;而Fas基因-670位点基因型和等位基因频率分布,按性别分层后,男性和女性SLE患者分别与正常对照者比较以及SLE并发狼疮性肾炎(LN)患者和正常对照组比较及SLE并发LN患者与未并发LN患者间比较,均无显著差异。结论:Fas-670基因多态性与中国南方地区汉族系统性红斑狼疮无相关性。     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

What will studies of Fulani individuals naturally exposed to malaria teach us about protective immunity to malaria?

There are an estimated over 200 million yearly cases of malaria worldwide. Despite concerted international effort to combat the disease, it still causes approximately half a million deaths every year, the majority of which are young children with Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Successes are largely attributed to malaria prevention strategies, such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying, as well as improved access to existing treatments. One important hurdle to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of malaria is our limited understanding of the biology of Plasmodium infection and its complex interaction with the immune system of its human host. Therefore, the elimination of malaria in Africa not only relies on existing tools to reduce malaria burden, but also requires fundamental research to develop innovative approaches. Here, we summarize our discoveries from investigations of ethnic groups of West Africa who have different susceptibility to malaria.     

The universal muscular chain reaction,muscle spasm,Torsions, ruptures and extravasations. Chameleons of pathology and some manifestations of simple muscular disorders

Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is “panenepidemic” and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes.     

Hypo- und Hypermagnesämie aus kardiologischer Sicht

Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe pathologischer Zustände bedingen Magnesiummangel. Zustände mit Hypermagnesämie sind ebenfalls bekannt, doch wesentlich seltener. Für den Kardiologen beachtenswert ist, daß unter Therapie mit bestimmten Diuretica bei Herzinsuffizienz, bei Herzinfarkt, Kardiomyopathie, Digitalisintoxikation und bestimmten Herzrhythmusstörungen Hypomagnesämie beobachtet wurde. Leider kann in der klinischen Routine nur ein extracelluläres Magnesiumdefizit durch Serumbestimmungen gemessen werden; über Magnesiummangel einzelner Organe kann nichts ausgesagt werden. Hinweise für Magnesiummangel geben aber neben der Messung des Serumspiegels Anamnese, klinischer Befund, bestimmte EKG-Veränderungen wie auch evtl. Hypokalämie, ein Zustand, bei dem sich oft — besonders bei Aldosteronismus — parallele Veränderungen zeigten.Tierexperimente deuten darauf hin, daß infarktähnliche Läsionen unter Magnesiummangel entstehen, doch ob Herzinfarkt beim Menschen durch Magnesiummangel ausgelöst werden kann, ist noch ungeklärt. In Leichenherzen zeigte sich im Infarktgebiet neben Calciumakkumulation signifikanter Magnesiumverlust, wobei unklar blieb, ob sich Ursache oder Folge des Infarktes widerspiegelten. Falls ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang besteht, ist er im Myokardstoffwechsel selbst zu suchen, wie bei der Alkoholkardiomyopathie, wo myokardialer Magnesiummangel zumindest als pathogenetischer Teilfaktor anerkannt wird. Andererseits versucht man aber auch Beziehungen zwischen Atherosklerose, Blutgerinnung und Hypomagnesämie herzustellen, in der Meinung, daß Magnesiummangel auch über den coronaren Pathomechanismus des Herzinfarktes wirken könnte. Sicher scheint, daß gewisse EKG-Veränderungen und Herzrhythmusstörungen durch einen irritierten Magnesiumhaushalt bedingt sein können, da sie bei Gabe bzw. Entzug von Magnesium verschwinden. Daß Magnesiummangel die Glykosidtoleranz verringert, wird tierexperimentell bestätigt. Unter Hypomagnesämie bewirkt Acetylstrophanthidin eher und länger Rhythmusstörungen als ohne, außerdem lassen diese sich durch Magnesiumgaben eliminieren. Da in gewissen Fällen spontane und digitalisinduzierte Herzrythmusstörungen durch Magnesiuminjektionen beseitigt wurden, scheint Magnesium als Therapeuticum angebracht. Einsatz verschiedener Magnesiumsalze bei Angina pectoris, degenerativen Herzerkrankungen und Herzinsuffizienz ohne geprüften und offensichtlich gestörten Magnesiumhaushalt ist fragwürdig, weil keine eindeutigen klinischen Erfolgsbeweise vorliegen. Immerhin mag es aber larvierte, durch Serumbestimmungen nicht erfaßbare Mangelzustände geben. Allgemein erscheint es aus kardiologischer Sicht ratsam, den Magnesiumhaushalt zu überwachen und in entsprechenden Fällen auszugleichen, um möglichen Myokardläsionen oder fatalen Herzrhythmusstörungen entgegenzuwirken.     

Environmental risk factors and their role in the management of atopic dermatitis

Introduction: The etiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) is multifactorial with interaction between genetics, immune and environmental factors.

Areas covered: We review the role of prenatal exposures, irritants and pruritogens, pathogens, climate factors, including temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, outdoor and indoor air pollutants, tobacco smoke exposure, water hardness, urban vs. rural living, diet, breastfeeding, probiotics and prebiotics on AD.

Expert commentary: The increased global prevalence of AD cannot be attributed to genetics alone, suggesting that evolving environmental exposures may trigger and/or flare disease in predisposed individuals. There is a complex interplay between different environmental factors, including individual use of personal care products and exposure to climate, pollution, food and other exogenous factors. Understanding these complex risk factors is crucial to developing targeted interventions to prevent the disease in millions. Moreover, patients require counseling on optimal regimens for minimization of exposure to irritants and pruritogens and other harmful exposures.     

Class II HLA in Georgia Caucasus Tbilisi Georgians and their Mediterranean ancestry: The Usko Mediterranean languages

Georgia (or Sakartvelo in its own language) is a South Caucasus Mts. country with its easternmost part is enigmatically named Iberia, like the Iberian Peninsula, which may refer to rivers “Kura” and “Ebro” or their valleys respectively. Most of their inhabitants speak Georgian which is included within Dene-Caucasian group and Usko-Mediterranean subgroup of languages. The latter includes Basque, Berber, ancient Iberian-Tartessian, Etruscan, Hittite, Minoan Lineal A and others. In the present paper, HLA class II -DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles has been studied and extended haplotypes calculated. Most frequent haplotypes are also of Mediterranean origin (i. e.: (A*02-B*51)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01, (A*02-B*51)-DRB1*13:01-DQB1*06:03, or (A*24-B*35)-DRB1*01:01-DQB1*05:01) and DA genetic distances show that closest world populations to Georgians are Mediterraneans. Georgians also show common extended haplotypes ((A*02-B*51)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01, (A*02-B*13)-DRB1*07:01-DQB1*02:01 and (A*03-B*35)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01) with Svan people, a secluded population in North Georgia mountains. We can conclude that Georgians belong to a very old Mediterranean substratum according to both linguistics (Usko Mediterranean languages) and HLA genetics.     

HLA genes in Amerindians from Mexico San Vicente Tancuayalab Teenek/Huastecos

Huastecos or Teenek Amerindians are presently living at North East Mexico (San Luis Potosi State). They have probably one of the most ancient culture of Mexico and Central America together with Mayas and Olmec groups with which also show close relationships. Proximity to Atlantic Ocean/Mexican Gulf originated that Spaniards had very early contact with them at about 1519 CE or before. In the present paper we have aimed to study HLA gene profile which may be useful for HLA and disease epidemiology and transplant programs in Teeneks. HLA-DRB1*04:07, -DRB1*14:06 and -DRB1*04:11 have been found in high frequency like in other Amerindian groups. High frequency typical Amerindians HLA extended haplotypes have been found, such as A*02-B*35-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02; A*68-B*39-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 and A*02-B*39-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02; also new haplotypes have been described, like A*02-B*52-DRB1*04:11-DQB1*03:02, A*68-B*35-DRB1*14:02-DQB1*03:01 and A*68-B*40-DRB1*16:02-DQB1*03:01. Genetic proximity is observed not only to linguistically close Mayans, but also to Mazatecans, Mixtecans and Zapotecans, who speak an altogether different languages; it shows once more that genes and languages do not correlate. This population was greatly diminished after European contact between 1500 and 1600 years CE; in fact, North and South America First Inhabitants population was brought from 80 down to 8 million people because of diseases (i.e.: measles, smallpox or influenza), slavery and war.     

État de l’art : nouveaux anticoagulants et transfusion

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) are indicated for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation and for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism. As any anticoagulant, they are associated with a bleeding risk. Management of DOAC-induced bleeding is challenging. Idarucizumab, antidote for dabigatran, is currently available and is part of the therapeutic strategy, whereas antidotes for anti-Xa agents are under development. Activated or non-activated prothrombin concentrates are proposed, although their efficacy to reverse DOAC is uncertain. We propose an update on DOAC-associated bleeding management, integrating the availability of idarucizumab and the critical place of DOAC concentration measurements.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.