局部注射辛伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠股骨髁骨小梁的改建效应

背景：局部注射具有成骨作用的辛伐他汀,可显著增加骨质疏松大鼠股骨颈及股骨髁部的骨密度及力学强度,分析局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。 目的：进一步研究骨质疏松大鼠股骨内局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。为将辛伐他汀应用于临床骨质疏松局部治疗提供实验基础。 方法：18只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后3个月,制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。实验大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,分别在实验大鼠的右侧股骨髓腔内单次注射辛伐他汀溶液5 mg、10 mg,对照组单纯注射空白载体。分别在注射后1个月处死大鼠并取材。Micro-CT扫描并定量分析骨组织形态变化。 结果与结论：给药后1个月,Micro-CT扫描结果显示,辛伐他汀治疗组的骨微结构参数如骨皮质厚度、骨小梁密度及连接率明显优于对照组。说明疏松骨骼单次注射小剂量辛伐他汀可显著促进股骨髁部骨小梁改建,改善骨骼微结构,可为强化局部、防治骨质疏松骨折的新选择进一步提供实验基础。     

Assessment of the efficacy of treatment of hemangiomas

Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

侧脑室注射链脲佐菌素对大鼠海马神经元突触的影响

为观察链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)双侧侧脑室注射对大鼠海马神经元突触的影响,本研究将Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组和模型组,模型组大鼠分别于第1、3d双侧侧脑室重复注射STZ3mg/kg,对照组以人工脑脊液代替STZ。21d后,取大鼠海马,免疫组织化学染色及Western blotting方法观察突触素、活性调节细胞骨架相关蛋白(activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associatedprotein,Arc)的表达;电镜观察海马CA1区神经元突触超微结构的改变。结果显示:与对照组相比,模型组大鼠海马内突触素蛋白表达显著减少,而Arc蛋白表达显著增多;模型组海马CA1区神经毡内突触结构异常,突触小泡聚集增多。以上结果提示:脑室注射STZ可影响大鼠海马突触相关蛋白的表达,引起突触超微结构异常,干扰了神经元突触信号的传导。     

Effect of conditions of culture on quantitative assessment of viability of living tissues

The viability of tissue explants of mouse kidneys, estimated quantitatively by growth in plasma-free culture, was shown to depend on several factors connected with the conditions of culture. The effect of methods of treatment of the serum, pH of the medium, and the character of distribution of the tissue explant during culture, the size of the explants, and the firmness of attachment of the tissue fragments to the substrate on this index was demonstrated.Problem Laboratory, Arkhangel'sk Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 11, pp. 629–631, November, 1978.     

社区精神分裂症病人照料者的生活质量研究

通过对９３名精神分裂症患者的家庭照料者与１００名对照者比较研究表明，照料者的躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能与经济状况都显著差于对照者。照料者的生活质量与被照料者的病期、病情严重度、整体功能、药物副作用有关；同时，照料者身份为患者母亲者其生活质量受影响最大。     

Evaluation of fungicidal activity of extracellular filtrates of cyanobacteria--possible role of hydrolytic enzymes

A set of seventy axenised and unicyanobacterial isolates belonging to the genus Anabaena were evaluated for biocidal activity against a set of phytopathogenic fungi. Among them, 35 Anabaena strains showed zone of inhibition against one or more fungi. The extracellular filtrates from 4 and 8 weeks old cultures of these Anabaena strains were further evaluated in terms of hydrolytic enzymes, proteins and IAA employing standard methods. Significant differences were also observed among the strains in terms of their FPase, chitosanase and xylanase activity, while low and relatively similar values of CMCase, cellobiase and protease activity were recorded in the strains analyzed. IAA production was also observed in all the strains. Comparative evaluation of activity of hydrolytic enzymes and antifungal activity revealed that such enzymes may contribute to the fungicidal activity of the cyanobacterial strains, besides other bioactive compounds, including IAA, which are established promising traits for biocontrol agents. This study is a first time report on the production of hydrolytic enzymes by these oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes, which can be potential candidates for the development of biocontrol agent(s) against selected phytopathogenic fungi.     

Effect of ultralow doses of thyroliberin on microviscosity of lipid components of biological membranes

Effects of the regulatory peptide thyroliberin on microviscosity of lipid components of endoplasmic reticulum biological membranes in mouse hepatocytes were studied by electron paramagnetic resonance. Thyroliberin in a concentration of 10⁻³–10⁻¹⁸ M decreased microviscosity of surface layers of membrane lipids. This decrease was the most pronounced (30%) under effects of 10⁻¹⁰ and 10⁻¹⁶ M thyroliberin. Physiological effects of thyroliberin corresponded to its influence on the membrane structure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 1, pp. 38–40, January, 2000     

Effect of route of antitoxin administration on efficacy of treatment of experimental tetanus

The efficacy of treatment with Diaform-3 antitoxin, given by either intracisternal or intralumbar injection in a dose of 400 i.u./kg, was compared in experiments on 100 rabbits with ascending, hematogenous, and cerebral tetanus caused by injection of 1 c.l.d. of tetanus toxin. Intracisternal injection of the antitoxin was found to be three times more effective than intralumbar (the proportion of animals cured was 31.4 and 10.2% respectively). The latter was effective only in animals with ascending tetanus, evidently because the portal of entry of the toxin into the CNS was along the peripheral nerves of the hind limbs.Central Research Laboratory, L'vov Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. M. Chernukh.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 8, pp. 212–213, August, 1978.     

石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究

中药石斛早在《神农本草经》中就被列为上品,其应用历史悠久,具有养阴生津、补肾益气、润喉护嗓、活血明目、抗癌防老等功效。本文对国内外石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究进行了综述。     

膝关节骨性关节炎的关节镜治疗体会

目的我科自2001～2005年4月对59例67膝的骨性关节炎（0A），进行关节镜检查及镜下清理术。方法镜检：膝关节骨性关节炎伴不同程度滑膜炎，滑膜皱壁粘连纤维片，关节软骨不同程度破坏。镜下清除增生滑膜，松解粘连，去除剥脱软骨、修复关节面。结果随访2月～4年，平均1.5年，术后综合评估2月～1年，优良率94％；1～2年，优良率79.2％；2年以上优良率54.8％。结论关节镜对膝关节骨性关节炎诊断能提供了比较全面的资料，并对骨性关节炎早期有良好疗效，具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和重复治疗等优点。     

Localization of cytoplasmic antigens of cells of differentiated layers of the epidermis in epithelium of the human thymus

N. F. Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR S. V. Prozorovskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 109, No. 3, pp. 308–310, March, 1990.     

Evaluation of the Synthesis of Soluble Aromatic Cellulose Carbonates of Low Degree of Substitution

The synthesis of soluble cellulose phenyl carbonates of low degree of substitution (DS, as low as 0.3) can be realized by using phenyl chloroformates with reactivity‐controlling moieties in the aromatic ring or by conversion of 6‐O‐triphenylmethyl cellulose. It is assumed that the primary hydroxyl group may yield to cross‐linking during the introduction of the phenyl carbonate moieties. Thus, for the first time soluble cellulose phenyl carbonates of low DS are accessible that are useful for the preparation of novel cellulose derivatives by reaction with nucleophilic reagents in particular amines.     

构建骨质疏松动物模型研究进展

骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)是一组代谢性骨病,其原因复杂,主要特点为骨微结构破坏、骨量低下、骨脆性增加。随着社会生产力的稳步提升,老龄化社会成为多数发达国家及部分发展中国家的社会形态。正因为老年人在人口结构的占比不断攀升,骨质疏松症的占比也不断增高,所以如何防治骨质疏松症已成为当前人们关注的重点和难点。为了研制更为有效的临床药物及推广正确的诊疗康复方案,构建行之有效的骨质疏松实验动物模型起着关键的作用,这也将推进临床转换这一过程。本文就如何构建骨质疏松动物模型进行系统的讲述,对涵盖动物模型的造模方法进行了详细的综述。     

Pathways of the realization of immunomodulating effects of neurotransmitters

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 4, pp. 401–404, April, 1993     

Anatomical study of distribution of valves of the cutaneous veins of adult''s limbs

Since the cutaneous veins of the four limbs have been used as autogenous grafts in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, knowledge of distribution of the valves is increasingly required depending upon the use. In the gross anatomical study of distribution of valves of the trunci venae, there has been argument about locational relationships between the venous roots and the valves in the vicinity of the roots and the inter-valvular distance. However, there have been only few reports discussing detailed information about valves of the cutaneous veins of the four limbs. The authors observed patterns of distribution of the cutaneous venous valves of the four limbs of cadavers prepared for practice in anatomy. The following parts were excised from each cadaver: the cephalic, basilic, and the great saphenous veins, which originate from the acral venous network and flow into the proximal deep veins, and the venous roots communicating with these veins. An incision was made on each excised vein in the direction of the long axis under observation with a stereoscopic microscope, and the inter-valvular distance and the distance between the valve and the orifice of venous root in the vicinity of the valve were measured. The inter-valvular distance varied with type of the truncus venae, and it varied according to area even in the same truncus venae.     

Unidirectional Movement of Flares of Cells of Myxococcus xanthus

Amongst other modes, Myxococcal cells move in swarms that are flares or columns of cells. It has been argued that this is a strategy allowing a large enough number of them to encounter food bacteria. Then, the combined large amount of extracellular lytic enzymes from the mass of cells can provide adequate nutrient resources from the food bacteria for all the myxococci of the swarm. However, how they move as a coherent column has not been adequately explained.

Here based on the idea that a rare cell can experience a special mutation such that it moves only unidirectionally, a proposal to account for this aspect of Myxococcus cell movement is suggested. Although wild type individual organisms of this species engage in forward and back movements, a mutant cell that moves unidirectionally can bias the movement of associated wild type cells and lead to the formation of a column of cells, headed by such a unique mutated cell. The non-mutated cells follow along it is suggested because of the S-motility (or social motility) system. This may link them to this single unidirectionally moving mutant cell to give a coherent movement to the column. This proposed type of mutation back mutates to wild type and the column no longer functions as such and only wild-type cells are present.