医用镍钛形状记忆合金羟基磷灰石涂层的制备及其生物活性

背景：目前多采用等离子喷涂技术在钛及其合金表面涂覆羟基磷灰石涂层,制备成复合材料。但由于羟基磷灰石与钛合金基体的热膨胀系数相差较大,涂层在冷却过程中易产生脱落。 目的：在医用镍钛形状记忆合金表面制备致密、均匀的羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷涂层,利用动物实验考查镍钛/羟基磷灰石涂层材料的生物相容性。 方法：利用阴极旋转法在低温条件下从含钙、磷离子的电解水溶液中在镍钛形状记忆合金表面沉积了磷酸钙涂层,经碱处理获得羟基磷灰石涂层。分析工艺参数对涂层结构的影响。利用动物植入实验对该复合材料的生物活性进行研究,并与镍钛/羟基磷灰石与Ca₃(PO₃)₂•2H2O混合涂层复合材料、医用镍钛形状记忆合金、医用钛合金进行对比。 结果与结论：电化学沉积-碱处理方法适合在镍钛形状记忆合金表面制备羟基磷灰石生物活性陶瓷涂层,沉积电压、温度对涂层结构有强烈影响。4种不同材料植入动物体内后周围均出现不同程度的组织增生,在骨膜组织切片中都可见软骨细胞且有骨小梁形成,涂覆有羟基磷灰石涂层的植入材料组织反应较轻,相应的组织切片中所显示出的软骨细胞、骨小梁数量最多,分布均匀,表明羟基磷灰石涂层提高了医用镍钛形状记忆合金的生物活性。         

生物陶瓷涂层材料的研究进展

目的本文对生物陶瓷涂层材料的研究进展进行综述.方法介绍了生物陶瓷涂层的制备方法,并着重对生物惰性涂层和生物活性涂层的研究工作进行评述.结果近几十年来生物陶瓷涂层发展较快,新方法和新材料不断呈现.结论发展兼具优良生物学性能和力学性能的新涂层材料,是目前研究的趋势.     

钛基表面纳米银复合涂层体外抗菌活性及生物安全性评价

背景:羟基磷灰石是骨的主要成分,具有诱导成骨细胞的功能。纳米银具有广谱和高效的抗菌效果,钛基表面羟基磷灰石/纳米银复合涂层材料既有生物活性又具有抗菌特性。目的:研究钛基表面羟基磷灰石/纳米银复合涂层体外抗菌作用及影响因素,评价钛基表面羟基磷灰石/纳米银复合涂层的生物相容性和安全性。方法:选取浓度0,0.5,1.0 mmol/L银溶液制备钛基表面沉积的羟基磷灰石/纳米银复合涂层样品,将其浸提液与金黄色葡萄球菌与材料共培养,进行体外抗菌定性分析。按照国家和国际标准化组织对生物材料相容性检测标准,对健康成年昆明小鼠、新西兰兔进行热原试验、溶血试验、急性毒性试验、皮肤刺激试验,综合评价材料的生物相容性和安全性。结果与结论:钛基表面沉积制备的羟基磷灰石/纳米银复合涂层材料体外对金黄色葡萄球菌有明显抗菌作用,复合材料中银含量越高抗菌作用越明显,且动物实验中未出现明显的热原反应、溶血反应、急性毒性反应、皮肤刺激反应,与不含银的纯羟基磷灰石材料相比,生物相容性差异无显著性意义。说明钛基表面沉积制备的羟基磷灰石/纳米银复合材料,体外对金黄色葡萄球菌具有良好的抗菌作用,且具有良好的生物相容性。     

稀土在激光涂覆生物陶瓷涂层中的行为与分布

在金属基材上利用等离子喷涂、焙烧等技术获得金属-生物活性陶瓷表面复合材料,因既具金属的强度、韧性,又具表面生物陶瓷良好的生物活性,故成为硬组织植入材料而受到极大关注[1]。但众所周知,等离子喷涂生物陶瓷涂层与基体的界面结合以机械咬合为主,且组织形貌与活体硬组织相差很大,它必然影响植入材料的生物相容性及其寿命。本课题组利用稀土的掺杂,在钛合金基材上,用激光涂覆工艺成功地获得含羟基磷灰石(HA)的钙磷基生物陶瓷涂层[2],不仅使HA等的合成与涂覆同步形成,简化了工艺,且涂层与基体的结合为化学冶金结合。而稀土的掺杂,对金属…     

生物陶瓷涂层材料的研究进展

目的 本文对生物陶瓷涂层材料的研究进展进行综述。方法 介绍了生物陶瓷涂层的制备方法，并着重对生物惰性涂层和生物活性涂层的研究工作进行评述。结果 近几十年来生物陶瓷涂层发展较快，新方法和新材料不断呈现。结论 发展兼具优良生物学性能和力学性能的新涂层材料，是目前研究的趋势。     

新型钛基溶胶凝胶涂层的细胞相容性研究

目的 通过对涂层的表面结构及其细胞相容性的研究,对新型的钛基溶胶凝胶HA涂层技术进行评价.方法 在纯钛材料表面制备新型的溶胶凝胶HA涂层,采用SEM对涂层表面特征进行测试.体外成骨细胞(MC-3T3)培养测试涂层的细胞相容性,并将钛基HA溶胶凝胶涂层的细胞相容性与传统的钛基等离子喷涂HA涂层做比较.结果 经过水热处理的钛基涂层表面为均一的晶体颗粒表面,细胞学实验发现与等离子HA涂层相比较,水热处理溶胶凝胶表面增强了细胞粘附作用,具有较好的成骨细胞粘附(P＜0.05).结论 本实验结果提示这种新型的水热处理钛基HA溶胶凝胶表面具有良好的成骨细胞粘附特性,因而有待于作进一步研究.     

钛及钛合金表面生物活性改性及效果评价

背景：钛及钛合金是常用的医用生物材料,其具有良好的生物相容性,但其缺乏骨诱导的能力,其与骨组织之间只是一种机械性的接触。 目的：概述钛及其合金表面生物活性改性的方法及对于改性后效果评价的方法,为临床应用提供参考。 方法：应用计算机检索PubMed数据库,CNKI数据库中关于钛及钛合金表面生物活性改性的文章,英文检索词为“titanium,titanium alloy,coating,bioactivity,bone”,限定文献语言种类为“English”,中文检索词为“钛,钛合金,涂层,活性改性,骨组织”,限定文献语言种类为中文。 结果与结论：在表面生物活性改性的方法中,主要有等离子体喷涂法、微弧氧化法、溶胶-凝胶法及生物仿生法等。钛及钛合金表面的活性涂层已经从单一涂层发展到复合涂层、梯度涂层、纳米梯度涂层,同时多种改性技术的联合运用,也让钛及其合金表面的涂层性能更加完善。对于改性后的效果研究,主要以模拟体液浸泡、成骨细胞培养,亲骨荧光素染色及放射影像学观察为主。对钛及钛合金进行表面生物活性改性是个复杂的工程,既要考虑改性后涂层骨诱导的能力,同时也需要兼顾涂层与基体结合强度的问题。只有对涂层组层进一步研究并利用多种技术对钛及钛合金表面进行处理,才能使其表面的涂层活性更高,并且结合牢固。     

激光熔凝一步制备复合生物陶瓷涂层的 生物相容性

在钛合金表面上预涂敷 Ca HPO4 - Ca CO3- Y2 O3混合粉末 ,进行激光同步合成和熔覆 ,获得了以 TC4为基材的生物陶瓷涂层复合材料。将该涂层材料植入成年狗的股骨中进行生物相容性试验研究。结果表明 ,该涂层材料对动物的组织和细胞无毒副作用 ,且涂层有良好的生物相容性 ,有诱导骨生长和不影响成骨细胞与破骨细胞活性的特性。     

钛表面微/纳米结构层的生物活性

钛种植体表面的多孔形貌对其生物活性有很大的影响。本研究采用化学和电化学方法在钛表面制备出不同纳米管径的微/纳米结构层,再分别对其进行仿生矿化和模拟体液与小牛血清白蛋白(BSA)共沉积实验,考察不同纳米管径的微/纳米结构对材料表面的生物活性的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪等进行分析测试。结果表明,微/纳米结构化钛表面的生物活性随着纳米管径的增大而增强;BSA的加入加速了矿化,同时降低了羟基磷灰石涂层的结晶度。     

壳聚糖-肝素静电自组装多层膜在钛表面进行的生物化修饰

背景:基于聚电解质阴阳离子交替组装的静电自组装技术可在温和、简单、易控的条件下实现多种生物大分子在材料表面的固定,已成为生物材料表面设计的重要手段。目的:利用静电自组装技术将具有生物活性的壳聚糖和肝素固定在钛表面,实现钛表面的氨基多糖生物化修饰,构建一种钛种植体材料的新型生物化表面,以改善钛的细胞相容性。方法:首先采用NaOH处理钛基材,获得多孔、负电荷的钛表面;然后吸附一层正电荷的聚赖氨酸;最后,多次交替吸附负电荷的肝素和正电荷的壳聚糖,形成以壳聚糖为最外层的多层膜结构。通过漫反射红外光谱扫描电镜和原子力显微镜对多层膜进行表征。并与成骨细胞共培养,观察成骨细胞的黏附、增殖以及分化情况。结果与结论:红外光谱、原子力显微镜、扫描电镜结果表明肝素-壳聚糖多层膜逐渐形成。此涂层可促进成骨细胞的黏附、增殖和分化。肝素-壳聚糖多层膜有望成为一种新型的生物化钛表面,从而改善钛表面的生物相容性。     

Ti基生物医用材料表面K2Ti6O13涂层的制备与表征

目的 新型表面改性技术和改性材料的开发是当今生物医学材料研究的主要方向，羟基磷灰石(HA)是一种最重要的表面改性材料，但较高的脆性和较低的结合强度严重制约了它在临床中的应用。方法本研究首次选用K，Ti6O13作为生物医用Ti合金的表面改件材料，利用KDC法尝试制备了K2Ti6O13涂层，并对涂层的微结构、结合强度和生物活性进行了观察分析与评估。结果利用KDC方法可以成功地原位合成K2Ti6O13涂层，涂层与钛合金基体间结合牢固，结合强度可达24MPa，热膨胀系数的良好匹配是结合强度提高的主要原因。结论涂层粗糙的表面和气孔可为骨的向内生长提供有利位置。经模拟体液浸泡，涂层表面形成了钙磷比接近人体骨骼的钙磷层，表明涂层具有良好的生物活性。     

Histological and histomorphometric investigations on bone integration of rapidly resorbable calcium phosphate ceramics

Resorbable ceramics can promote the bony integration of implants. Their rate of degradation should ideally be synchronized with bone regeneration. We report here the results of a histological study of implants with two resorbable calcium phosphate ceramic coatings: Ca(2)KNa(PO(4))(2)-(GB14) and Ca(10)[K/Na](PO(4))(7)-(602020). The results attained with these ceramic-coated implants show the benefits of these materials with regard to bioactive bone-healing stimulation, compared with uncoated implants. The GB14 ceramic coating exhibited greater bone regeneration and differentiation on its surface than the conventional hydroxyapatite coating and helped bone tissue achieve more extensive contact free of connective tissue. Not until the coating disintegrated did the histological features of GB14- and 602020-coated implants converge-both implant types were integrated into bone. Rapid disintegration of the coating material, as with 602020, supports osteoblast proliferation but has negative effects on bone mineralization. Both resorbable ceramics tested, GB14 and 602020, demonstrated bioactivity; even metal surfaces coated with these materials were populated by mature bone tissue without connective tissue after disintegration of their ceramic coating. The less rapidly degrading material, GB14, achieved better results. Degradable calcium phosphate coatings have the potential to stimulate bone regeneration. From the histological viewpoint, the resorbable ceramics examined here can be recommended as coating materials for clinical use.     

Soft tissue response to four dense ceramic materials and two clinically used biomaterials.

Disk-shaped implants of spinel, alumina, mullite, zircon, a cast Co-Cr-Mo alloy, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), were implanted in the paraspinalis muscle of 12 adult, male, white New Zealand rabbits. Prior to implantation the implants were characterized with respect to size and shape, weight and surface roughness. After periods of 1 month, 2 months, and 4 months, the rabbits were sacrificed and the tissue specimens were retrieved with the implants still intact. Histological examination of the tissues surrounding the implants along with changes in the size and shape, weight, and surface roughness of the implants were used as criteria for evaluating these materials for implant purposes. No surfaces degradation of any of the materials was detected using scanning electron microscopy. Fibrous tissue seemed to adhere to the UHMWPE implants more than any other material used in this study. Large amounts of fibrous tissue were also found to adhere to the cast Co-Cr-Mo alloy implants. The histological results indicated that within the limits of this investigation, the biocompatibility of the ceramic materials used in this study compared favorably with the clinically used Co-Cr-Mo alloy implants and the UHMWPE implants.     

医用聚醚醚酮材料骨整合改性的研究进展

聚醚醚酮（PEEK）材料具有良好的生物相容性、优异的机械性能、与骨组织相似的力学性能等优点,目前已广泛应用于临床各个领域。由于固有的生物惰性,使种植体与骨组织不相整合,从而限制了其作为骨科植入材料的应用。提高PEEK骨整合性成为目前研究的热点。研究者将具有促进成骨细胞增殖和分化的材料（如生物陶瓷、金属材料、生物因子等）通过物理或化学方式修饰于材料表面,或者采用表面物理修饰（如粗糙度、孔隙率、纳米结构等）提高其骨整合性。随着研究的逐步深入,PEEK的成骨活性得到增强,在临床上有了更大的应用前景。本文主要对上述提到的近些年用于提高PEEK生物活性的方法作一综述,旨在为研究者提供参考,并对未来发展提出展望。     

Porous tantalum structures for bone implants: Fabrication,mechanical and in vitro biological properties

The relatively high cost of manufacturing and the inability to produce modular implants have limited the acceptance of tantalum, in spite of its excellent in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. In this article, we report how to process Ta to create net-shape porous structures with varying porosity using Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS?) for the first time. Porous Ta samples with relative densities between 45% and 73% have been successfully fabricated and characterized for their mechanical properties. In vitro cell materials interactions, using a human fetal osteoblast cell line, have been assessed on these porous Ta structures and compared with porous Ti control samples. The results show that the Young’s modulus of porous Ta can be tailored between 1.5 and 20 GPa by changing the pore volume fraction between 27% and 55%. In vitro biocompatibility in terms of MTT assay and immunochemistry study showed excellent cellular adherence, growth and differentiation with abundant extracellular matrix formation on porous Ta structures compared to porous Ti control. These results indicate that porous Ta structures can promote enhanced/early biological fixation. The enhanced in vitro cell–material interactions on the porous Ta surface are attributed to its chemistry, its high wettability and its greater surface energy relative to porous Ti. Our results show that these laser-processed porous Ta structures can find numerous applications, particularly among older patients, for metallic implants because of their excellent bioactivity.     

3D打印钛金属骨科植入物应用现状

3D打印技术近年来在骨科植入医疗器械领域发展迅速,由于其能够根据患者需求个性化地定制植入物形状,并且精确控制植入物的复杂微观结构,从而实现植入物外形和力学性能与人体自身骨的双重适配。生物医用钛及钛合金作为目前骨科植入物的主要原材料,具有优越的生物相容性,与3D打印技术结合,成为各国科学家以及医疗器械厂家研发的热点,促进3D打印钛金属骨科植入物的商业化。针对3D打印钛金属骨科植入物的特点、钛金属粉末要求、已上市产品情况、临床研究、存在的问题以及标准和审评规范等的现状与发展进行论述和展望。     

Bond strength of plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite/Ti composite coatings

One of the most important clinical applications of hydroxyapatite (HA) is as a coating on metal implants, especially plasma-sprayed HA coating applied on Ti alloy substrate. However, the poor bonding strength between HA and Ti alloy has been of concern to orthopedists. In this paper, an attempt has been made to enhance the bonding strength of HA coating by forming a composite coating with Ti. The bioactivity of the coating has also been studied. HA/Ti composite coatings were prepared via atmospheric plasma spraying on Ti-6Al-4V alloy substrates. The bond strength evaluation of HA/Ti composite coatings was performed according to ASTM C-633 test method. X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscopy were applied to identify the phases and the morphologies of the coatings. The bioactivity of HA/Ti composite coating was qualified by immersion of coating in simulated body fluid (SBF). The obtained results revealed that the addition of Ti to HA improved the bonding strength of coating significantly. In the SBF test, the coating surface was covered by carbonate-apatite, which was testified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscope, indicating good bioactivity for HA/Ti composite coating. The bioactivity of the coating has not been reduced by the addition of Ti.     

In vivo biocompatibility and degradation behavior of Mg alloy coated by calcium phosphate in a rabbit model

This study is conducted to investigate the biocompatibility and biodegradation behavior of calcium phosphate-coated Mg alloy in?vivo. Calcium phosphate (Ca-P) was coated on the Mg alloy (AZ31) by a chemical process. Samples of Ca-P coated rods, the naked alloy rods, and degradable polymer as controls were implanted into the thighbone of rabbits to investigate the bone response at the early stage. The reduction in implant volume was determined by micro-computed tomography and three-dimensional reconstruction of the remaining Mg alloy segmented from the bone matrix. It was observed that the biodegradation rate of naked Mg implant is faster than that of the coated ones. The bone-implant interface was characterized in sections by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Biodegradation or reaction layer was formed on the surface of Mg alloy implants and direct contact with the surrounding bone. The layer was mainly composed of Ca, P, O, and Mg. After 8 weeks of post-operation, paraffin sections were generated for histomorphologic analysis; 100% implants were fixed and no inflammation was observed. Histological analysis showed that new bone tissue is formed around the Mg implants, and no fibrous capsule was found. Blood examination showed that the biodegradation of the Mg implant caused little change to blood composition. Ca-P coating on Mg alloy substrate might be an effective method to reduce the biodegradation rate of Mg alloy in?vivo and improve the surface bioactivity of Mg alloy implants.