共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
Peter C. Boettger Charles L. Knupp Darla K. Liles Kaitlyn Walker 《Journal of the National Medical Association》2017,109(1):36-43
Introduction
Vitamin D levels in adult black Americans with sickle cell disease (SCD) are comparatively lower than those found in the general population of black Americans. The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in adults with various subtypes of sickle cell disease and identify risk factors for vitamin D deficiency.Methods
In a retrospective study serum Vitamin D25(OH)D and/or VitaminD1,25(OH)2D levels were obtained in 120 subjects with sickle cell disease. Baseline studies also included LFTs, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, and creatinine levels. In a portion of subjects that were treated with oral ergocalciferol vitamin D levels and chemistries were obtained within 6 months of treatment. Data was statistically analyzed with Welch two sample t-tests and individual simple linear regressions (including logarithmic values) for each variable.Results
Vitamin D25(OH)D levels were found to be significantly lower in a group of subjects with Hgb SS disease, than in a group with other subtypes of sickle cell disease. In both groups combined, significant (p = 0.05) and clinically suggestive negative correlations with Vitamin D25(OH)D were seen for total bilirubin and total protein, respectively. When total bilirubin and total protein levels were compared between the Hgb SS and HgbS/other groups, t-test revealed these levels were significantly higher in the Hgb SS group levels at p < 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively.Implications
Low total Vitamin D25(OH)D levels in adults with sickle cell disease may be a reflection of chronic inflammation and overall disease severity. 相似文献2.
Background and objective
Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, physical activity, diet, and nutrients are important in the understanding of obesity. The possibly direct or indirect nature of the associations among these factors and the eventual link to obesity is not well understood. In this study, we assess the indirect association between socio-demographic factors and obesity.Design
A case-control study involving African American women conducted at Howard University Cancer Center.Participants and methods
One hundred ninety eight participants gave information on anthropometric measurements, intake of dietary supplements and nutrients, socio-demographic factors (age, marital status, income and education) and physical activity. Path analysis was utilized to assess associations between socio-demographic factors and obesity through physical activity, dietary supplements and nutrients, smoking or alcohol consumption.Main results
The mean age of the participants was (55 ± 12 years), with 50% being obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Obesity level decreased by approximately 7% for every one level increase in education via its prior effect on vigorous physical activity. Age had a significant positive indirect effect on obesity through vigorous physical activity – with obesity levels increasing by approximately 6% for every one year increase in age via its prior effect on vigorous physical activity.Conclusions
Vigorous physical activity mediates the association between education and age on obesity. 相似文献3.
Moodithaya Shailaja K.M. Damodara Gowda Kedilaya Vishakh N. Suchetha Kumari 《Journal of the National Medical Association》2017,109(1):9-13
Purpose
Advanced age is associated with an accumulation of free radical damage, which leads to physiological and clinical modifications. Numerous pharmaceutical and nutraceuticals are considered to influence longevity and prompting healthy ageing. Therefore, the current study attempted to investigate Curcumin's role in the inflammatory indices as anti-ageing marker in albino Wistar rats.Methods
Twelve months old rats were used in the study, grouped as Normal control (NC), Sham control (SC), Curcumin-1, Curcumin-2 and Curcumin-3. Last three groups received Curcumin at the dosages of 100 mg, 200 mg and 400 mg/kg body weight respectively. After six months of intervention, blood was collected for the estimation of C-reactive protein (CRP), Serum Albumin, Globulin, Lymphocyte percentage, Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Nitric Oxide (NO) level using standard procedures.Results
There was a significant decline in the CRP level (p < 0.05) in rats treated with 200 mg and 400 mg of Curcumin/kg body weight. The MDA level was found to be significantly increased (p < 0.05) in animals fed with 400 mg of Curcumin/kg body weight as compared to NC. The NO level was increased significantly (p < 0.05) in rats treated with 200 and 400 mg of Curcumin/kg body weight.Conclusion
Finding of the study suggests that Curcumin exhibits favorable influence in slowing down of ageing process by suppressing age-related changes in inflammatory indices. 相似文献4.
Amani M. Ali Samah Selim Maggie M. Abbassi Nirmeen A. Sabry 《Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology》2017,118(5):557-563
Background
Despite the use of alfacalcidol in the management of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis, it has never been considered an adjunct treatment for asthma management. It can target vitamin D deficiency, a possible risk factor for asthma, and, hence, improve pulmonary function of patients with asthma.Objective
To explore the effect of alfacalcidol administration on pulmonary function and study the pattern of vitamin D deficiency in adults with asthma in Egypt.Methods
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured in 115 adults: 33 healthy subjects and 82 patients with asthma. Then, patients with asthma were randomized to receive standard asthma treatment only (n = 39) or receive it in addition to 1 μg of alfacalcidol daily for 4 months (n = 43). Randomization was stratified by the stage of asthma severity. Spirometry and measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin were performed at baseline and end of follow-up.Results
Vitamin D deficiency was more common in patients with asthma (57.3%) than in healthy subjects (21.2%; P < .001). In patients with asthma, alfacalcidol significantly improved forced expiratory volume in the first second and forced vital capacity (P < .001 for the 2 tests). Moreover, more patients in the intervention arm showed improvement in asthma severity stage (P = .04). A nonsignificant difference was observed in improvement of forced expiratory volume in the first second between patients with vitamin D deficiency and those without deficiency in the intervention group (P > .05).Conclusion
Alfacalcidol supplementation improved the pulmonary function and severity stage of adult patients with asthma regardless of deficiency.5.
Ting-Chun Lin Jhong-Yong Wu Ming-Ling Kuo Liang-Shiou Ou Kuo-Wei Yeh Jing-Long Huang 《Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection》2018,51(1):110-114
Background
Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but there is no consensus on the role of serum vitamin D in evaluating or predicting disease activity. This study aimed to demonstrate the direct correlation between vitamin D level and pediatric-onset SLE disease activity by a retrospective cohort study design.Patients and methods
Thirty-five patients with pediatric-onset SLE and paired sera at the active and inactive disease states were enrolled. Disease activity was defined by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000, and active lupus nephritis (LN) was defined as active urine sediment, and proteinuria >2+ on stick or >500 mg/day. All data were reviewed and calculated from previous medical records. The levels of both vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 were checked by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.Results
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D) levels in the active status were significantly lower compared to that in inactive disease status (12.0 ± 7.2 ng/mL vs. 15.4 ± 7.4 ng/mL, p = 0.005). A subgroup analysis revealed that at active disease status, patients with LN had lower 25-OH D levels than patients without LN (16.3 ± 8.2 ng/mL vs. 9.8 ± 5.6 ng/mL, p = 0.023). Moreover, there is a significant inverse correlation between serum 25-OH D levels and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 at both inactive (r = ?0.335, p = 0.003) and active (r = ?0.373, p = 0.016) disease status.Conclusion
Serum vitamin D levels are inversely correlated with SLE disease activity at both active and inactive disease status, and also with the presence of LN at active disease stage. 相似文献6.
Samuel T. Olatunbosun Jay S. Kaufman Andrew F. Bella 《Journal of the National Medical Association》2018,110(5):519-527
Objective
To assess the occurrence of central obesity and identify its predictors in urban Africans using anthropometric tools. Another objective was to evaluate the anthropometric indices and their interaction with various cardiovascular risk factors.Methods
In an obesity survey in a major Nigerian city, we measured the prevalence of central obesity in 998 randomly selected men and women using the IDF (International Diabetes Federation) criteria. Normalized values of three anthropometric indices, waist circumference (WC), WHR (waist-to-hip ratio) and WHtR (waist-to-height ratio) were also employed in assessing central adiposity and its predictors in the population.Results
Most (61%) female participants had central obesity compared with 9% of the males based on the IDF waist criteria. Higher income level and physical inactivity were associated with central obesity (p < 0.001). In multivariate analyses, older participants and women were more likely to have central obesity (p < 0.001), but men had higher WHR than women at the same body mass index. WC was a stronger predictor of glucose intolerance than WHR, whereas WHR was more predictive of hypertension than WC. WHR showed a strong relationship with hypertension but not with glucose intolerance. WHtR was predictive of plasma glucose and diastolic blood pressure. WC showed strongest correlation with other indices.Conclusions
Central obesity was highly prevalent among women in this sample. It was associated with age, gender, socioeconomic status, physical inactivity, and it predicted glucose intolerance and hypertension. WC was a major determinant of both cardiovascular risk factors. It showed best correlation with other anthropometric indices. 相似文献7.
Babalola Ishmael Afolabi Bolanle Olubunmi Ibitoye Rosemary Temidayo Ikem Adeleye Dorcas Omisore Bukunmi Michael Idowu David Olubukunmi Soyoye 《Journal of the National Medical Association》2018,110(3):256-264
Background
Metabolic risk factors associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) include Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity and dyslipidaemia. Prevention or management of these risk factors with glycaemic control, weight reduction and low serum lipid levels respectively have been reported to reduce the risk of NAFLD or slow its progression. Since ultrasound (USS) is a safe and reliable method of identifying fatty changes in the liver, this study was done to determine the relationship between glycaemic control and ultrasound diagnosed NAFLD in T2DM.Methodology
: Demographic data, anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests including glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum lipids of 80 T2DM subjects aged 40-80 years were taken. Their livers were evaluated using B-mode ultrasound, and the data obtained were statistically analysed using SPSS version 20.Results
Fifty-five of all participants (68.8%) were diagnosed with NAFLD sonographic grades 1, 2 and 3 made up of 13 (16.3%), 26 (32.5%) and 16 (20.0%), respectively while 25 (37.2%) had grade 0. The prevalence of NAFLD in T2DM varied significantly with BMI (p = 0.001) and glycaemic control (p = 0.048) while the USS grades of NAFLD varied significantly with age (p = 0.043) and BMI (p = 0.006). The independent strong predictors of NAFLD were overweight (r = 0.409, p = 0.012, OR = 6.626) and obesity (r = 0.411 p = 0.009, OR = 11.508), while poor glycaemic control (r = 0.270, p = 0.015, OR = 3.473) was a moderate independent predictor.Conclusion
The prevalence of NAFLD increases with increasing BMI and HBA1c in T2DM, while its ultrasound grade varies with BMI. Overweight, obesity and poor glycaemic control are independent predictors of NAFLD. 相似文献8.
9.
Kimberly S. Johnson Kevin L. Thomas Sandro O. Pinheiro Laura P. Svetkey 《Journal of the National Medical Association》2018,110(4):305-313
Background
Disparities in health and healthcare are widely documented for underrepresented racial and ethnic populations across a spectrum of diseases and care settings. An evidence base for addressing racial and ethnic disparities in health and healthcare requires investigators trained to conduct health disparities research.Objective
To increase knowledge, stimulate interest, teach skills to evaluate and conduct, and foster collaborations in health disparities research.Design
We designed, implemented and evaluated a Health Disparities Research Curriculum (HDRC).Participants were early-stage investigators.Intervention
HDRC included twelve monthly sessions during 2015–2016. Instructors were mostly HDR investigators. Sessions combined didactic presentations, discussions, small group activities, and participant presentations.Measures
Pre- and post-surveys to assess participants' perceptions of knowledge and skills.Results
Of 21 enrollees, 13 were from under-represented groups and 14 were women. Four reported some prior training in HDR, and 12 reported currently conducting HDR.Among the 12 participants who completed both the pre and post HDRC survey, initially the most commonly cited barriers to pursuing HDR were lack of knowledge (N = 6) and funding (N = 7). In the post-survey, the number citing lack of knowledge decreased (N = 2) and the number listing lack of funding increased (N = 9). There were increases in the number of participants reporting increased knowledge of HDR methods (pre-post: 4 vs. 8) and competence to design (3 vs. 7) and implement (2 vs. 9) HDR research.Conclusions
The Duke HDRC augments efforts to reduce health disparities by providing training in HDR for young investigators. Our data indicate that the course was feasible, well-received, and increased perceived knowledge and competence. HDRC and similar courses may increase the quantity, quality and scope of HDR and thus move us closer to health equity. 相似文献10.
Anna L. Chien Ji Qi Radhika Grandhi Tamia Harris-Tryon Noori Kim Min Soo Jang Omolara Olowoyeye Diane Kuhn Sherry Leung Barbara M. Rainer Flora Poon Sabrina Sisto Alessi César Jean Suh Nancy Cheng Ginette A. Okoye Sewon Kang 《Journal of the National Medical Association》2018,110(6):534-539
Background
Increased photoprotection by natural melanin allows for African-Americans to be less impacted by photoaging than Caucasians. However, less is known about chronological aging in this population.Objective
To create a photonumeric scale for African-Americans to evaluate chronological skin aging and to explore contributing elements to intrinsic aging.Methods
Standardized photographs of the upper inner arm were taken from 75 African-American participants. Five participants were chosen as standards to create a 9-point photonumeric scale (0 = none, 8 = most severe). The scale was utilized by three blinded dermatologists to independently rate participants' photographs.Results
The interrater agreements were 0.768 (95% CI: 0.671–0.834) for trial 1 and 0.725 (0.608–0.794) for trial 2. The intrarater agreements were 0.757 (0.596–0.875), 0.850 (0.771–0.903), and 0.790 (0.686–0.855) for the three raters. Averaged chronological aging scores were correlated with participants' survey responses, which revealed age as a significant predictor (r = 0.72, p < 0.001).Limitation
Our study was limited by the sample size, although the number of study participants was similar on a investigation in Caucasians.Conclusion
This study created the first reliable photonumeric scale for chronologic skin aging in African-Americans and found increased age and greater BMI as contributors to intrinsic skin aging phenotype in this population. 相似文献11.
Takashi Imamura Maki Sato Hayato Go Kei Ogasawara Yuji Kanai Mina Chishiki Hajime Maeda Kentarou Haneda Nozomi Kashiwabara Aya Goto Nobuo Momoi Mitsuaki Hosoya 《中华民国医用超音波学会杂志》2017,25(3):138-144
Background
We hypothesized that gallbladder (GB) volume is affected by serial changes during the early infancy period in extremely premature infants.Methods
We conducted a prospective study of extremely premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima City, Japan between January 2014 and December 2015. GB volume was measured by an abdominal ultrasound ellipsoid method between Day 0 and Day 56 after birth within 60 minutes before enteral feeding. We calculated GB volume (mL)/weight (kg), which was evaluated as GV/W.Results
In total, 30 infants were included. The median gestational age of the infants was 26 weeks 5 days (range, 23 weeks 1 day–28 weeks 6 days), and the median birth weight was 731 g (range, 398–1220 g). The detection rate of GB decreased in the infants over time; the rates were > 93% between Day 0 and Day 7 and < 77% between Day 10 and Day 56 after birth. GV/W decreased in the infants over time. The median GV/W values were 0.18 (range, 0.05–0.59) in infants on admission and constantly < 0.05 in those between Day 10 and Day 56 after birth. There was no correlation of GV/W with clinical variables after birth.Conclusion
It is considered that GB volume is not affected by serial changes without nonfavorable course of enteral nutrition. 相似文献12.
Birsen Unsal Koyuncu Mustafa Karaca Funda Sari Ramazan Sari 《Journal of the National Medical Association》2018,110(6):574-578
Introduction
Although skin tag is associated with diabetes mellitus, no data in the literature show that the presence of skin tag is associated with diabetic macro and microangiopathy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, macro and micro angiopathy in type 2 diabetic patients with and without skin tag.Material and Methods
We evaluated 99 (40 female and 59 male) type 2 diabetic patients. All patients were evaluated for blood pressure, body mass index, lipids, HbA1c, macroangiopathy (peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease and coronary heart disease), microangiopathy (neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy) and skin tag.Results
Age, HbA1c and body mass index were 65.0 ± 14.2 years, 8.1 ± 2.0% and 30.5 ± 6.4 kg/m2, respectively. The frequency of skin tags 53.5%, dyslipidemia 68.7%, hypertension 69.7%, obesity 39.4%, macroangiopathy 61.6% (peripheral vascular disease 12.1%, cerebrovascular disease 16.2%, and coronary heart disease 49.5%), microangiopathy 63.6% (neuropathy 21.2%, nephropathy 38.4%, retinopathy 38.4%) were detected. Higher body mass index (p = 0.04) and frequency of obesity (p = 0.03) were detected in patients with skin tag than without skin tag. Age (p = 0.8), gender (p = 0.6), HbA1c (p = 0.4) and the presence of dyslipidemia (p = 0.4), hypertension (p = 0.6), macroangiopathy (p = 0.2), and microangiopathy (p = 0.9) were not different in patients with and without skin tag.Conclusion
We conclude that presence of skin tag is merely related to obesity and may not be strongly associated with macro- and microangiopathy in type 2 diabetic individuals. Further studies with large patient population are required to elucidate the association between the presence of skin tag and diabetic angiopathy. 相似文献13.
Mohammad Reza Akbari Ali Ahmadi Shiva Mirkalantari Jafar Salimian 《Journal of the National Medical Association》2018,110(1):84-87
Background
Regarding to the importance of cholera in Iran and the potential advantages of egg yolk antibody (IgY) for immunotherapy, the aim of this study was to produce IgY antibody against V. cholerae Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and determine its potential for V. cholerae treatment.Methods
LPS was prepared, and the Anti-V. cholerae LPS IgY was purified from egg yolk and serially diluted in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), mixed with V. cholerae and then gavaged into several groups of suckling mice.Results
The yield of Anti-LPS IgY extraction was 40 mg/Egg yolk. The results demonstrated that up to approximately 75 ng of IgY can detect specifically V. cholerae. The lowest protective dose of anti-V. cholerae LPS IgY was 2.5 μg.Conclusions
The produced anti-Vibrio LPS specific IgY showed a good reactivity with its specific antigen and it may use as a complimentary oral immunotherapy for cholera disease. 相似文献14.
Roya Nikjou Rafat Kazemzadeh Firoozeh Asadzadeh Razzag Fathi Farideh Mostafazadeh 《Journal of the National Medical Association》2018,110(3):265-269
Objectives
The menopause is a natural biological process that is happened by a permanent regal stop due to the loss of performance. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of lavender aromatherapy on the menopause symptoms.Study design
This double-blind cross over clinical trial carried out on 100 menopause women (between 45 and 155 years old) referring to health centers in Ardabil in 2013-14. The samples blocked randomly, placed in two experimental (Lavender) and control (diluted milk) groups. Lavender aroma is smelled two times daily for 20 min during 12 weeks by research subjects. Data were collected by Green questionnaire and the analysis of data carried out in SPSS v.16 by paired t-test.Main outcome measures
The level of the symptoms has been decreased significantly after using lavender.Results
Comparing the level of the symptoms before and after using lavender in experimental group suggested that the rate of the menopause symptoms has been decreased significantly (P = 0.000). The comparison of the mean of the menopause symptoms after intervention between two groups suggested that the menopause symptoms in the experimental group had a significant decrease comparing the control group (P = 0.000).Conclusion
Using the lavender aromatherapy decreases menopause symptoms. According to the undesirable effect of the menopause symptoms on the quality of life of the menopausal women, these interventions may be instructed by midwives in the treatment and care centers as a health activity. 相似文献15.
Charlotte Baker Jill Powell Dominic Le Melissa S. Creary Lori-Ann Daley Mary Anne McDonald Charmaine DM. Royal 《Journal of the National Medical Association》2018,110(6):564-573
Objective
To describe the perspectives and experiences of athletic trainers, coaches, and student-athletes approximately three years post-implementation of the NCAA sickle cell trait (SCT) screening policy.Participants
Two-hundred and eight student-athletes, 32 athletic trainers, and 43 coaches from 10 NCAA Division I (DI) institutions in North Carolina from January to June 2014.Methods
Two online surveys were used to assess knowledge, perspectives, and experiences.Results
Athletic staff were more supportive than student-athletes of the need for the policy. Noted challenges included variation in implementation and follow-up for SCT-positive athletes, financial costs to institutions and athletes, and timing of the screening.Conclusions
More education about SCT is needed for student-athletes and athletic staff in order to help make the implementation more successful. All parties need to be in agreement regarding the importance of knowing which student-athletes have SCT and how that information will be utilized. 相似文献16.
Chun-Hsiang Chiu Ying-Chuan Wang Kuo-Ming Yeh Jung-Chung Lin L.K. Siu Feng-Yee Chang 《Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection》2018,51(1):64-69
Background/Purpose
Although the prevalence of pneumonia or other extrapulmonary infections is higher in people with alcoholism or acute alcohol intoxication, the possible relationship of acute alcohol intoxication to phagocytic function has not been investigated. Our aim was to determine whether acute alcohol intoxication suppresses phagocytic function in human neutrophils.Methods
Twenty healthy individuals were enrolled for isolating neutrophils to evaluate the neutrophil phagocytic function at different alcohol concentrations. Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from clinical specimens of liver abscesses. The rate of K. pneumonia phagocytosis (K2 and non-K1/K2 isolates) by neutrophils was determined using flow cytometry and compared among the nine groups with different alcohol concentrations.Results
The rate of phagocytic uptake decreased significantly with increasing alcohol concentration in both the K2 and non-K1/K2 K. pneumonia groups (r = ?0.866, p = 0.03 vs. r = ?0.975, p < 0.001). Moreover, the percentage of K. pneumoniae ingested by neutrophils decreased with age.Conclusion
The ability of neutrophils to phagocytose virulent K2 K. pneumoniae was suppressed by ethanol at high concentrations. This finding may account for the higher prevalence of pneumonia or other extrapulmonary infection in people with acute alcohol intoxication. 相似文献17.
Wen-Yi Tseng Yeong-Jian Jan Wu Tai-Yun Yang Nien-Yi Chiang Wen-Pin Tsai Siamon Gordon Gin-Wen Chang Chang-Fu Kuo Shue-Fen Luo Hsi-Hsien Lin 《Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection》2018,51(4):485-491
Background
GPR56/ADGRG1 is a member of the adhesion-class G protein-coupled receptor (aGPCR) family important in brain development, oncogenesis and tumor metastasis. Like other aGPCRs, GPR56 is cleaved at the GPCR proteolysis site (GPS) motif into an N-terminal fragment (NTF) and a C-terminal fragment (CTF). Existence of soluble GPR56 (sGPR56) has been shown in vitro, however the underlying mechanism and its pathophysiologic role remains undetermined.Objective
To assess the presence of sGPR56 in human serum using ELISA assay and compare the serum sGPR56 levels among patients of various chronic inflammatory diseases and healthy subjects.Patients and methods
In this study, serum samples from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (n = 57), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n = 95), Sjögren's syndrome (SS) (n = 29), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) (n = 51), and normal controls (n = 81) were analyzed using sGPR56-specific ELISA.Result
We show that serum sGPR56 levels are increased in patients of RA, but not in those with SLE, SS and AS. Intriguingly, serum sGPR56 levels in RA patients correlated with positive rheumatoid factor, a marker of bone erosion and poor outcome. In addition, an elevated sGPR56 level is also noted in RA patients with higher tumor necrosis factor level.Conclusion
we conclude that sGPR56 is present in vivo and sGPR56 level is elevated in certain chronic inflammatory diseases such as RA. Hence, sGPR56 might be considered a potential biomarker for RA disease progression. 相似文献18.
Anna L. Chien Ji Qi Radhika Grandhi Noori Kim Sabrina Sisto Alessi César Tamia Harris-Tryon Min Soo Jang Omolara Olowoyeye Diane Kuhn Sherry Leung Barbara M. Rainer Flora Poon Jean Suh Nancy Cheng Ginette A. Okoye Sewon Kang 《Journal of the National Medical Association》2018,110(2):176-181
Background
African–Americans are less affected by photoaging than lighter skin individuals. Although scales for photoaging have been developed for Caucasians and Asians, no scale exists for African–Americans.Aim
To develop a photonumeric scale for photoaging and to determine factors that contribute to photoaging in African–Americans.Methods
Five participants' photographs were selected as standards to create a 9-point photonumeric scale (0 = none, 8 = most severe). Three blinded dermatologists used the scale to grade the remaining participants' photographs.Results
Interrater reliabilities were 0.775 (95% CI: 0.635, 0.880) for trial 1 and 0.832 (0.747, 0.883) for trial 2. Intrarater reliabilities, assessed over a 1 week interval, were 0.863 (0.727, 0.940), 0.928 (0.890, 0.954), and 0.866 (0.739, 0.935) for the three graders, indicating strong agreement. Photoaging scores were then correlated with participants' survey on lifestyle factors, which yielded age as a significant predictor (r = 0.91, p < 0.001). Furthermore, multiple regression model to predict facial photoaging (adjusted R2 = 0.849) selected age (b1 = 0.111, p < 0.001), sun exposure (b2 = 0.206, p = 0.014), and gender (b2 = ?0.388, p = 0.063) as the most important variables.Conclusions
A reliable photonumeric scale for photoaging in African Americans was developed. Age, sun exposure, and male gender were found to be contributory factors to photoaging. 相似文献19.
Background
The reported associations of blood lipid profiles with asthma are ambiguous.Objective
To explore the association between asthma and the serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).Methods
A systematic search was performed in the PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Chinese Biomedical Literature databases. Ten studies were identified. We divided these studies into 2 subgroups according to age: children (<18 years old) and adults (≥18 years old).Results
In children, the asthma group had lower HDL-C levels (weighted mean difference, ?3.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], ?5.83 to ?1.04; P = .005) compared with the nonasthma group, whereas the serum levels of LDL-C in these 2 groups were not statistically different. In contrary, in adults, the asthma group had higher LDL-C levels (weighted mean difference, 8.95; 95% confidence interval, 3.55–14.35; P = .001) compared with the nonasthma group, whereas the HDL-C levels were not statistically different.Conclusion
There is a significant association between asthma and the serum levels of HDL-C and LDL-C. Moreover, this association differs in children and adults. 相似文献20.
Apeksha Niraula Madhab Lamsal Shankar Majhi Seraj Ahmed Khan Pritha Basnet 《Journal of the National Medical Association》2017,109(3):198-202
