HBV-DNA载量水平与血清学标志物分组模式及前S1抗原的关系

目的:探讨乙型肝炎病毒DNA(hepatitis B virus DNA,HBV-DNA)载量水平与血清学标志物(hepatitis B virus markers,HBVM)分组模式以及前S1抗原(Pre-S1 antigen,Pre-S1Ag)的关系.方法:收集2018年6月至2020年7月来院就诊的180例慢性乙...     

HBeAg诱导HBV免疫逃逸的机制研究进展

乙型肝炎病毒e抗原(hepatitis B e antigen,HBeAg)阳性是慢性乙型肝炎处于免疫耐受期的主要表现之一。HBeAg可通过抑制乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染后的机体免疫应答,从而抑制机体免疫系统对HBV的清除,在诱导HBV免疫逃逸并导致HBV感染慢性化的过程中发挥重要作用。本文就近年来围绕HBeAg诱导HBV免疫逃逸的机制研究做简要综述。     

2450例患者输血前感染性指标检测结果分析

目的 检测与分析患者输血前的感染性指标水平,为临床血液传染病的预防控制提供参考.方法 选取2013年6月至2016年1月期间我院收治的2450例拟接受输血的患者作为研究对象,采用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)测定患者输血前的感染性指标检测,包括乙型肝炎五项标志物、抗丙型肝炎病毒抗体(hepatitis c virus antibody,抗-HCV)、抗人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体(human immunodeficiency virus antibody,抗-HIV)以及抗梅毒螺旋体抗体(treponema pallidum antibody,抗-TP),结果 2450例患者输血前感染性指标检测中,乙肝表面抗体(hepatitis B surface antibody,HBsAb)的阳性率最高,为23.18%,其次为乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(hepatitis B surface antigen,HBsAg),阳性率为11.27%;患者存在2~3重感染模式,其中以乙型肝炎E抗体(hepatitis B e antibody,HBeAb)+HBsAb模式的阳性率最高,为1.18%,其次是HBsAg+HBsAb+乙肝表面核心抗体(hepatitis B core antibody,HBcAb)模式的,为1.06%;男性患者乙型肝炎e抗原(hepatitis B e antigen,HBeAg)、HBeAb、HBsAg、HBsAb、HBcAb、抗-HCV、抗-HIV和抗-TP阳性率均高于女性患者的,但差异无统计学意义;年龄>60岁患者的HBeAg、HBeAb、HBsAg、抗-HCV和抗-TP阳性率明显低于年龄<30岁和年龄为30~60岁患者(P<0.05).而各年龄段间的HBsAb、HBcAb和抗-HIV阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 输血患者输血前感染性指标的检测均具有一定比例的阳性检出率.加强输血前感染性指标的检测,可保证临床用血安全,减少医疗纠纷.     

两种免疫状态慢性乙型肝炎患者血清游离脂肪酸含量的变化及意义

肝脏是游离脂肪酸(free fatty acid,FFA)代谢的重要器官。近年来的研究表明,FFA与慢性重型乙型肝炎患者的病情严重程度有一定的相关性[1]。但在HBeAg阳性的轻度慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis B,CHB)和HBeAg阴性的CHB     

人类白细胞抗原复合体与HBV感染的相关性研究进展

乙型肝炎是全球性公共卫生问题,据估计世界约有20亿人口曾感染乙肝病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV),其中约4亿人发展为慢性,每年有600 000至1 200 000人死于HBV的感染[1].HBV感染后形成复杂的疾病谱,如亚临床感染、轻重程度不等的急性肝炎、慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis B,CHB)、肝硬化(liver cirrhosis,LC)和肝细胞癌(Hepatic cell carcinoma,HCC)等[2],具体形成机制尚不完全清楚,但环境、病毒(病毒载量、基因型、病毒变异)、宿主(健康状况、免疫特性)等被认为是影响HBV感染后病情进展的关键因素,尤其是宿主的免疫特性.人体免疫特性受主要组织相容性复合体(major his-tocompatibility,MHC)调控,此基因是编码人类白细胞抗原复合体(human leukocyte antigen,HLA)的机密连锁基因组,其具有向抗原特异性受体传递抗原多肽的特性,在免疫应答、免疫调控、破坏外来抗原等方面起重要作用[3].有关HLA基因多态性与HBV感染的临床转归国内外已进行了大量相关研究,但重复性较差,至今尚无定论,此领域仍有待进一步深入研究.本文就目前国内外研究现状作一简要综述.     

IL-17/IL-23免疫调节机制及其在慢性乙型肝炎中的作用

IL-17/IL-23作为机体免疫调节因子,分别与其他细胞因子相互协同,在免疫性疾病的发生发展与治疗过程中发挥着一定程度的作用。慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis B, CHB)是乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus, HBV)感染引起机体免疫应答反应后发展而来的一种免疫性疾病。随着近几年对CHB免疫靶向治疗研究的深入,IL-17/IL-23信号通路在CHB发生发展中的作用逐渐被提出,以此为CHB的治疗提供了新的思路。     

胸腺肽与乙肝免疫球蛋白联合应用对乙型肝炎的作用

近十年来,国内外普遍试用免疫增强剂治疗乙型肝炎,取得了一些疗效。文献报道,胸腺肽(thymulin,TM)治疗乙型肝炎有一定疗效,但对乙肝病毒(hepatitis B     

CXCL10基因rs56061981单核苷酸多态性与HBV相关慢加急性肝衰竭易感性及严重程度的关系

目的:探讨CXC趋化因子配体10(C-H-C motif chemokine ligand 10,CXCL10)基因rs56061981单核苷酸多态性与乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)相关慢加急性肝衰竭(hepatitis B virus related acute-on-chronic li...     

基因多态性与慢性乙肝患者对α干扰素应答的相关性分析

正乙型肝炎(hepatitis B)是由乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)引起的传播广、治愈难、危害性大的流行性肝病之一。每年都有约50万人死于HBV长期感染所导致的肝硬化和肝癌。α干扰素(interferon alpha,IFN-α)是治疗慢性乙型肝炎的一线用药,过往研究表明,乙肝患者对IFN-α治疗应答存在差异,乙肝病毒基因型、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)水平等都会影响IFN-α的治疗效果。随着精准医学的进步,科学研究者们率先发现了IL28B(interferon     

拉米夫定、干扰素α-2b、黄芪注射液三联叠加治疗慢性乙型肝炎的初步评价

用抗病毒药拉米夫定、干扰素α-2b和免疫调节剂黄芪注射液叠加，治疗慢性乙型肝炎(chronie hepatitis B，CHB)；从临床综合疗效、肝功能、乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus，HBV)复制指标三方面进行分析，并与单用拉米夫定、干扰素α-2b、黄芪注射液及基础保肝治疗比较，初步评价联合用药方案的疗效。     

Modes of reinforcement and gender and culture of experimenter and subject: effects of "alien" and external reinforcement for Japanese and American men and women

In this study, we examined external and "alien" reinforcement (ER and AR. respectively) as a factor in social learning, and studied the combined effects of culture and reinforcement mode. A female (Experiment 1) and a male (Experiment 2) experimenters conducted experimental sessions. Both men and women, who grew up in the same culture as the experimenter, participated and performed the experimental task. A three-way interaction effect of experimenter gender, culture, and reinforcement mode was found on task performance. And the effect was more pronounced for a Japanese experimenter. A female and a male experimenters conducted Experiments 3 and 4, respectively; however participants this time were men and women who grew up in different cultures than the experimenter. Results indicated that the pattern of the subject gender and reinforcement mode interaction effect, when the experimenter was Japanese with American subjects, was exactly opposite to that when the experimenter was American. These experiments showed that AR was as effective for social learning as ER, and that the cultural backgrounds of experimenter and subject influenced AR and ER effectiveness.     

Timing and intensity of early fevers and the development of allergies and asthma

BACKGROUND: Early childhood fevers appear to protect against later allergies and asthma. What is not known is the time in which fevers exert this effect and whether the degree of temperature increase is important. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the relationship between the time and degree of early fevers and later allergies and asthma. METHODS: Eight hundred thirty-five children from southeast Michigan were enrolled at birth. Clinic records from their first 2 years were abstracted for episodes of fever. At age 6 to 7 years, children underwent allergy testing. We examined fevers occurring within 6-month intervals in the first 2 years of life and outcomes at age 6 to 7 years. The primary outcome measures were allergic sensitization, asthma, asthma with allergic sensitization, and asthma without allergic sensitization. RESULTS: In the unadjusted analysis each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months of age was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.93) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.90) at age 6 to 7 years. Likewise, every 1 degrees C increase in the maximum temperature between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.96) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94). After adjusting for potential confounders, each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower likelihood of asthma with allergic sensitization (adjusted OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.94) at age 6 to 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Both the timing and intensity of childhood fevers appear to be important factors in the development of allergies and asthma.     

Rates of oxygen consumption and of anaerobic glycolysis in renal cortex and medulla of adult and new-born rats and guinea-pigs

1. Rates of oxygen uptake and of anaerobic glycolysis were estimated in slices from the renal cortex and medulla (a) of adult rats and guinea-pigs, (b) of new-born (1-, 5- and 21-day-old) rats and of guinea-pigs of 1, 12, 21, 24 and 120 hr age.2. In the adult rat, Q(O2) values for the cortex were 12.55 +/- 0.20 (22) and for the medulla: 8.56 +/- 0.17 (22) mul./hr.mg dry weight, while in the new-born rat (24 hr old) they were 10.99 +/- 0.46 (12) and 9.33 +/- 0.18 (9) mul./hr.mg dry weight respectively.3. Values for Q(CO2) (N2) (anaerobic glycolysis) in the 14 hr old new-born rat were in the renal cortex 9.65 +/- 0.35 (5) and in the medulla 7.39 +/- 0.43 (5) mul./hr.mg dry weight; while in the adult they were 2.25 +/- 0.08 (16) and 5.76 +/- 0.14 (16) mul./hr.mg dry weight, respectively.4. In the adult guinea-pig values for Q(CO2) (N2) were of the same order as in the adult rat, though the rate of O(2) uptake was for the cortex 8.12 +/- 0.22 (12) and for the medulla 5.02 +/- 0.23 (11) mul./hr.mg dry weight.5. Though the Q(O2) values in the renal cortex and medulla were smaller in the 1 hr old new-born guinea-pig, they were already increasing in the 12 hr old neonate.6. The results are discussed in the light of enzyme changes occurring during the process of maturation of the nephron as indicated by histochemical observations.     

Association between functional alterations of senescence and senility and disorders of gait and balance

OBJECTIVES:

Declines in cognition and mobility are frequently observed in the elderly, and it has been suggested that the appearance of gait disorders in older individuals may constitute a marker of cognitive decline that precedes significant findings in functional performance screening tests. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between functional capacities and gait and balance in an elderly community monitored by the Preventive and Integrated Care Unit of the Hospital Adventista Silvestre in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

METHODS:

Elderly individuals (193 females and 90 males) were submitted to a broad geriatric evaluation, which included the following tests: 1) a performance-oriented mobility assessment (POMA) to evaluate gait; 2) a mini-mental state examination (MMSE); 3) the use of Katz and Lawton scales to assess functional capacity; 4) the application of the geriatric depression scale (GDS); and 5) a mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) scale.

RESULTS:

Reductions in MMSE, Katz and Lawton scores were associated with reductions in POMA scores, and we also observed that significant reductions in POMA scores were present in persons for whom the MMSE and Katz scores did not clearly indicate cognitive dysfunction. We also demonstrated that a decline in the scores obtained with the GDS and MNA scales was associated with a decline in the POMA scores.

CONCLUSIONS:

Considering that significant alterations in the POMA scores were observed prior to the identification of significant alterations in cognitive capacity using either the MMSE or the Katz systems, a prospective study seems warranted to assess the predictive capacity of POMA scores regarding the associated decline in functional capacity.     

男性乳腺发育症临床病理分析及雌,孕激素受体检测

对１１３例男性乳腺发育症进行临床病理分析。同时检测其中３０例乳腺组织中雌激素受体和孕激素受体分布情况，结果发现两者阳性率分别为８０．０％和８３．３３％。结合文献讨论了男性乳腺发育症的发生与高血清激素浓度及乳腺组织高受体水平的关系。     

Definition and prevalence of subfertility and infertility

A common definition of sub- and infertility is very important for the appropriate management of infertility. Subfertility generally describes any form of reduced fertility with prolonged time of unwanted non-conception. Infertility may be used synonymously with sterility with only sporadically occurring spontaneous pregnancies. The major factor affecting the individual spontaneous pregnancy prospect is the time of unwanted non-conception which determines the grading of subfertility. Most of the pregnancies occur in the first six cycles with intercourse in the fertile phase (80%). After that, serious subfertility must be assumed in every second couple (10%) although--after 12 unsuccessful cycles--untreated live birth rates among them will reach nearly 55% in the next 36 months. Thereafter (48 months), approximately 5% of the couples are definitive infertile with a nearly zero chance of becoming spontaneously pregnant in the future. With age, cumulative probabilities of conception decline because heterogeneity in fecundity increases due to a higher proportion of infertile couples. In truly fertile couples cumulative probabilities of conception are probably age independent. Under appropriate circumstances a basic infertility work-up after six unsuccessful cycles with fertility-focused intercourse will identify couples with significant infertility problems to avoid both infertility under- and over-treatment, regardless of age: Couples with a reasonably good prognosis (e.g. unexplained infertility) may be encouraged to wait because even with treatment they do not have a better chance of conceiving. The others may benefit from an early resort to assisted reproduction treatment.