E and EAC rosette-forming cells in healthy donors and cancer patients.

The influence of age and sex on the lymphocyte count and numbers of E and EAC rosette-forming cells (RFC) was investigated using peripheral blood of healthy donors. In the female donors we found a lower total lymphocyte count and percentage of EAC RFC than in male donors. The percentage and total number of E RFC appeared to be low in younger donors. Total lymphocyte count and numbers of E and EAC RFC were investigated in untreated and treated patients with advanced solid tumors and in patients with untreated malignant lymphomas. The lymphocyte count in all these groups was decreased, but the E/EAC RFC ratio was normal, except in the group with untreated solid tumors, where we found an increased percentage of E RFC. It is suggested that in these patients a nonspecific impairment of bone marrow function might be expressed in numbers of peripheral T and B cells.     

Intrathecal production of neopterin in aseptic meningo-encephalitis and multiple sclerosis.

Neopterin levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum were measured with a sensitive radioimmunoassay in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), aseptic meningo-encephalitis (AM), other mostly non-inflammatory neurological diseases, and controls with tension headache or psychoneurosis. Elevated levels of neopterin were found in CSF in most patients during acute phase of AM, and normalization after clinical recovery. The elevation in CSF was not reflected in serum. Only four of 24 MS patients--three of them examined during exacerbation--had slight elevation of neopterin in CSF and all had normal serum levels. Neopterin levels in CSF correlated with mononuclear cell count. The elevation of neopterin observed in CSF in inflammatory CNS diseases despite low cell numbers in CSF compared to blood might reflect a high activation level of cells locally in the CNS. Neopterin in CSF is a valuable marker of acute cellular immune response.     

Inhibitory effect of cerebrospinal fluid on the growth of meningococci and pneumococci.

Initial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained from patients with pneumococcal meningitis usually contain far greater numbers of bacteria than initial CSF samples obtained from patients with meningococcal meningitis. Normal CSF was found to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of group A meningococci but not on type 1 pneumococci. The inhibitory effect of normal CSF was abolished by dialysis, indicating that the inhibitory factor has a low molecular weight. Heating normal CSF to 62.5 degrees C for 30 min resulted in a considerable reduction in the inhibitory effect, indicating that the inhibitory factor is heat labile.     

成人病毒性脑膜炎62例临床分析

目的 探讨成人病毒性脑膜炎的临床特征、脑脊液以及辅助检查特点.方法 回顾性分析62例成人病毒性脑膜炎的临床资料.结果 62例(100%)患者均有头痛症状,61例(98%)有发热,48例(77%)有脑膜刺激征,1例患者出现左眼外展受限,2例患者出现癫痫发作.平均病程17 d,93%的患者病程短于30 d.80%的患者脑脊液初压增高,91%的患者白细胞数量增多.81%的患者蛋白含量增高,35%的患者氯化物在正常范围,65%的患者氯化物稍低,均高于110 mmol/L,94%的患者糖含量在正常范围.7例患者脑脊液以及血液柯萨奇病毒B组IgM抗体阳性,1例脑脊液EB病毒IgM抗体阳性.62例患者脑CT均无特异性发现,23例行脑磁共振血管造影术(MRI)检查的患者中,有9例可见脑膜强化,强化部位多位于大脑半球.52%的患者存在脑电图异常,主要表现为局部或散在慢波增多.结论 成人病毒性脑膜炎是一种自限性疾病,半数以上患者脑脊液氯化物稍低,部分患者脑MRI可见脑膜强化.     

成人病毒性脑膜炎62例临床分析

目的 探讨成人病毒性脑膜炎的临床特征、脑脊液以及辅助检查特点.方法 回顾性分析62例成人病毒性脑膜炎的临床资料.结果 62例(100%)患者均有头痛症状,61例(98%)有发热,48例(77%)有脑膜刺激征,1例患者出现左眼外展受限,2例患者出现癫痫发作.平均病程17 d,93%的患者病程短于30 d.80%的患者脑脊液初压增高,91%的患者白细胞数量增多.81%的患者蛋白含量增高,35%的患者氯化物在正常范围,65%的患者氯化物稍低,均高于110 mmol/L,94%的患者糖含量在正常范围.7例患者脑脊液以及血液柯萨奇病毒B组IgM抗体阳性,1例脑脊液EB病毒IgM抗体阳性.62例患者脑CT均无特异性发现,23例行脑磁共振血管造影术(MRI)检查的患者中,有9例可见脑膜强化,强化部位多位于大脑半球.52%的患者存在脑电图异常,主要表现为局部或散在慢波增多.结论 成人病毒性脑膜炎是一种自限性疾病,半数以上患者脑脊液氯化物稍低,部分患者脑MRI可见脑膜强化.     

成人病毒性脑膜炎62例临床分析

目的 探讨成人病毒性脑膜炎的临床特征、脑脊液以及辅助检查特点.方法 回顾性分析62例成人病毒性脑膜炎的临床资料.结果 62例(100%)患者均有头痛症状,61例(98%)有发热,48例(77%)有脑膜刺激征,1例患者出现左眼外展受限,2例患者出现癫痫发作.平均病程17 d,93%的患者病程短于30 d.80%的患者脑脊液初压增高,91%的患者白细胞数量增多.81%的患者蛋白含量增高,35%的患者氯化物在正常范围,65%的患者氯化物稍低,均高于110 mmol/L,94%的患者糖含量在正常范围.7例患者脑脊液以及血液柯萨奇病毒B组IgM抗体阳性,1例脑脊液EB病毒IgM抗体阳性.62例患者脑CT均无特异性发现,23例行脑磁共振血管造影术(MRI)检查的患者中,有9例可见脑膜强化,强化部位多位于大脑半球.52%的患者存在脑电图异常,主要表现为局部或散在慢波增多.结论 成人病毒性脑膜炎是一种自限性疾病,半数以上患者脑脊液氯化物稍低,部分患者脑MRI可见脑膜强化.     

成人病毒性脑膜炎62例临床分析

目的 探讨成人病毒性脑膜炎的临床特征、脑脊液以及辅助检查特点.方法 回顾性分析62例成人病毒性脑膜炎的临床资料.结果 62例(100%)患者均有头痛症状,61例(98%)有发热,48例(77%)有脑膜刺激征,1例患者出现左眼外展受限,2例患者出现癫痫发作.平均病程17 d,93%的患者病程短于30 d.80%的患者脑脊液初压增高,91%的患者白细胞数量增多.81%的患者蛋白含量增高,35%的患者氯化物在正常范围,65%的患者氯化物稍低,均高于110 mmol/L,94%的患者糖含量在正常范围.7例患者脑脊液以及血液柯萨奇病毒B组IgM抗体阳性,1例脑脊液EB病毒IgM抗体阳性.62例患者脑CT均无特异性发现,23例行脑磁共振血管造影术(MRI)检查的患者中,有9例可见脑膜强化,强化部位多位于大脑半球.52%的患者存在脑电图异常,主要表现为局部或散在慢波增多.结论 成人病毒性脑膜炎是一种自限性疾病,半数以上患者脑脊液氯化物稍低,部分患者脑MRI可见脑膜强化.     

成人病毒性脑膜炎62例临床分析

目的 探讨成人病毒性脑膜炎的临床特征、脑脊液以及辅助检查特点.方法 回顾性分析62例成人病毒性脑膜炎的临床资料.结果 62例(100%)患者均有头痛症状,61例(98%)有发热,48例(77%)有脑膜刺激征,1例患者出现左眼外展受限,2例患者出现癫痫发作.平均病程17 d,93%的患者病程短于30 d.80%的患者脑脊液初压增高,91%的患者白细胞数量增多.81%的患者蛋白含量增高,35%的患者氯化物在正常范围,65%的患者氯化物稍低,均高于110 mmol/L,94%的患者糖含量在正常范围.7例患者脑脊液以及血液柯萨奇病毒B组IgM抗体阳性,1例脑脊液EB病毒IgM抗体阳性.62例患者脑CT均无特异性发现,23例行脑磁共振血管造影术(MRI)检查的患者中,有9例可见脑膜强化,强化部位多位于大脑半球.52%的患者存在脑电图异常,主要表现为局部或散在慢波增多.结论 成人病毒性脑膜炎是一种自限性疾病,半数以上患者脑脊液氯化物稍低,部分患者脑MRI可见脑膜强化.     

成人病毒性脑膜炎62例临床分析

目的 探讨成人病毒性脑膜炎的临床特征、脑脊液以及辅助检查特点.方法 回顾性分析62例成人病毒性脑膜炎的临床资料.结果 62例(100%)患者均有头痛症状,61例(98%)有发热,48例(77%)有脑膜刺激征,1例患者出现左眼外展受限,2例患者出现癫痫发作.平均病程17 d,93%的患者病程短于30 d.80%的患者脑脊液初压增高,91%的患者白细胞数量增多.81%的患者蛋白含量增高,35%的患者氯化物在正常范围,65%的患者氯化物稍低,均高于110 mmol/L,94%的患者糖含量在正常范围.7例患者脑脊液以及血液柯萨奇病毒B组IgM抗体阳性,1例脑脊液EB病毒IgM抗体阳性.62例患者脑CT均无特异性发现,23例行脑磁共振血管造影术(MRI)检查的患者中,有9例可见脑膜强化,强化部位多位于大脑半球.52%的患者存在脑电图异常,主要表现为局部或散在慢波增多.结论 成人病毒性脑膜炎是一种自限性疾病,半数以上患者脑脊液氯化物稍低,部分患者脑MRI可见脑膜强化.     

成人病毒性脑膜炎62例临床分析

目的 探讨成人病毒性脑膜炎的临床特征、脑脊液以及辅助检查特点.方法 回顾性分析62例成人病毒性脑膜炎的临床资料.结果 62例(100%)患者均有头痛症状,61例(98%)有发热,48例(77%)有脑膜刺激征,1例患者出现左眼外展受限,2例患者出现癫痫发作.平均病程17 d,93%的患者病程短于30 d.80%的患者脑脊液初压增高,91%的患者白细胞数量增多.81%的患者蛋白含量增高,35%的患者氯化物在正常范围,65%的患者氯化物稍低,均高于110 mmol/L,94%的患者糖含量在正常范围.7例患者脑脊液以及血液柯萨奇病毒B组IgM抗体阳性,1例脑脊液EB病毒IgM抗体阳性.62例患者脑CT均无特异性发现,23例行脑磁共振血管造影术(MRI)检查的患者中,有9例可见脑膜强化,强化部位多位于大脑半球.52%的患者存在脑电图异常,主要表现为局部或散在慢波增多.结论 成人病毒性脑膜炎是一种自限性疾病,半数以上患者脑脊液氯化物稍低,部分患者脑MRI可见脑膜强化.     

成人病毒性脑膜炎62例临床分析

目的 探讨成人病毒性脑膜炎的临床特征、脑脊液以及辅助检查特点.方法 回顾性分析62例成人病毒性脑膜炎的临床资料.结果 62例(100%)患者均有头痛症状,61例(98%)有发热,48例(77%)有脑膜刺激征,1例患者出现左眼外展受限,2例患者出现癫痫发作.平均病程17 d,93%的患者病程短于30 d.80%的患者脑脊液初压增高,91%的患者白细胞数量增多.81%的患者蛋白含量增高,35%的患者氯化物在正常范围,65%的患者氯化物稍低,均高于110 mmol/L,94%的患者糖含量在正常范围.7例患者脑脊液以及血液柯萨奇病毒B组IgM抗体阳性,1例脑脊液EB病毒IgM抗体阳性.62例患者脑CT均无特异性发现,23例行脑磁共振血管造影术(MRI)检查的患者中,有9例可见脑膜强化,强化部位多位于大脑半球.52%的患者存在脑电图异常,主要表现为局部或散在慢波增多.结论 成人病毒性脑膜炎是一种自限性疾病,半数以上患者脑脊液氯化物稍低,部分患者脑MRI可见脑膜强化.     

成人病毒性脑膜炎62例临床分析

目的 探讨成人病毒性脑膜炎的临床特征、脑脊液以及辅助检查特点.方法 回顾性分析62例成人病毒性脑膜炎的临床资料.结果 62例(100%)患者均有头痛症状,61例(98%)有发热,48例(77%)有脑膜刺激征,1例患者出现左眼外展受限,2例患者出现癫痫发作.平均病程17 d,93%的患者病程短于30 d.80%的患者脑脊液初压增高,91%的患者白细胞数量增多.81%的患者蛋白含量增高,35%的患者氯化物在正常范围,65%的患者氯化物稍低,均高于110 mmol/L,94%的患者糖含量在正常范围.7例患者脑脊液以及血液柯萨奇病毒B组IgM抗体阳性,1例脑脊液EB病毒IgM抗体阳性.62例患者脑CT均无特异性发现,23例行脑磁共振血管造影术(MRI)检查的患者中,有9例可见脑膜强化,强化部位多位于大脑半球.52%的患者存在脑电图异常,主要表现为局部或散在慢波增多.结论 成人病毒性脑膜炎是一种自限性疾病,半数以上患者脑脊液氯化物稍低,部分患者脑MRI可见脑膜强化.     

Testing for antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) specificities in retrospective "normal" cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) have been found in the blood of patients with systemic and neurological disease. The rare reports of aPL in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) have been limited mostly to IgG and IgM anticardiolipin (aCL). Our published finding of IgA aPE in the CSF of a young stroke victim prompted us to establish "normal" CSF aPL values for a panel of aPL, which included aCL, antiphosphatidylserine (aPS), antiphosphatidylethanolamine (aPE) and antiphosphatidylcholine (aPC). CSF samples were tested by ELISA for IgG, IgM and IgA aPL. In addition, the CSF samples were tested for activity in the presence and absence of phospholipid (PL) binding plasma-proteins. A total of 24 data points were obtained for each CSF sample. We tested 59 CSF samples obtained from 59 patients who were undergoing evaluation for systemic or neurologic diseases. All CSF samples had normal protein, glucose and cell counts. Ten of the 59 CSF samples (17%) had elevated aPL optical density (OD) values an order of magnitude higher than the other 49 CSF samples for one or more aPL specificity and/or isotype. One CSF sample had both PL-binding protein dependent and independent IgG aPE activity. Another CSF sample showed both IgG aPE and aPC reactivity. The remaining eight CSF samples showed single aPL findings; IgG aPE (5), IgG aPC (1), IgG aCL (1) and IgM aPC (1). Seven of 10 patients with elevated CSF values were females. As expected, most "normal" aPL OD values were substantially lower in CSF than those we have reported in blood samples from volunteer blood donors.     

成人病毒性脑膜炎62例临床分析

目的 探讨成人病毒性脑膜炎的临床特征、脑脊液以及辅助检查特点.方法 回顾性分析62例成人病毒性脑膜炎的临床资料.结果 62例(100%)患者均有头痛症状,61例(98%)有发热,48例(77%)有脑膜刺激征,1例患者出现左眼外展受限,2例患者出现癫痫发作.平均病程17 d,93%的患者病程短于30 d.80%的患者脑脊液初压增高,91%的患者白细胞数量增多.81%的患者蛋白含量增高,35%的患者氯化物在正常范围,65%的患者氯化物稍低,均高于110 mmol/L,94%的患者糖含量在正常范围.7例患者脑脊液以及血液柯萨奇病毒B组IgM抗体阳性,1例脑脊液EB病毒IgM抗体阳性.62例患者脑CT均无特异性发现,23例行脑磁共振血管造影术(MRI)检查的患者中,有9例可见脑膜强化,强化部位多位于大脑半球.52%的患者存在脑电图异常,主要表现为局部或散在慢波增多.结论 成人病毒性脑膜炎是一种自限性疾病,半数以上患者脑脊液氯化物稍低,部分患者脑MRI可见脑膜强化.     

成人病毒性脑膜炎62例临床分析

目的 探讨成人病毒性脑膜炎的临床特征、脑脊液以及辅助检查特点.方法 回顾性分析62例成人病毒性脑膜炎的临床资料.结果 62例(100%)患者均有头痛症状,61例(98%)有发热,48例(77%)有脑膜刺激征,1例患者出现左眼外展受限,2例患者出现癫痫发作.平均病程17 d,93%的患者病程短于30 d.80%的患者脑脊液初压增高,91%的患者白细胞数量增多.81%的患者蛋白含量增高,35%的患者氯化物在正常范围,65%的患者氯化物稍低,均高于110 mmol/L,94%的患者糖含量在正常范围.7例患者脑脊液以及血液柯萨奇病毒B组IgM抗体阳性,1例脑脊液EB病毒IgM抗体阳性.62例患者脑CT均无特异性发现,23例行脑磁共振血管造影术(MRI)检查的患者中,有9例可见脑膜强化,强化部位多位于大脑半球.52%的患者存在脑电图异常,主要表现为局部或散在慢波增多.结论 成人病毒性脑膜炎是一种自限性疾病,半数以上患者脑脊液氯化物稍低,部分患者脑MRI可见脑膜强化.     

Involvement of the central nervous system in acute, uncomplicated measles virus infection.

A prospective study on acute, uncomplicated measles infection was carried out in 59 patients hospitalized for an ordinary measles infection. A clinical and serological diagnosis of an acute measles infection was made in all cases. Serial serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were taken two to five times from each patient and tested for pleocytosis, albumin, and measles-specific antibodies. Pleocytosis was found in 18 patients (30%), usually shortly after the onset of rash. Nine patients had antibodies against measles virus in their CSF. Six of them seemed to have damage to the blood-brain barrier, but in two cases there was a very high serum antibody titer with a normal serum/CSF ratio. One patient had a local antibody production against measles virus in the central nervous system. Conventional electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded on 22 children, and a separate, quantitative EEG study with two to six consecutive recordings was also performed on a group of nine patients. Moderate or strong slowing of background EEG activity was found in 50% of the patients. In the consecutive recordings, the changes culminated a few days after the onset of rash. No correlation seemed to exist between the changes in the CSF and the age of the patient, on the one hand, and slowing of the EEG, on the other.     

IgM, IgA and IgG producing cells in cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood in multiple sclerosis.

The protein A plaque assay was used to enumerate IgM, IgA and IgG producing cells per 20 X 10(3) lymphocytes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood (PB) from 37 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and in PB from healthy controls. Fifty-seven percent of the MS patients displayed in CSF cells producing IgM, 70% IgA and 89% IgG. IgM or IgA producing cells predominated in CSF from 10 patients, IgG in 27. Immunoglobulin producing cells were often present when the corresponding CSF Ig index was normal, confirming that enumeration of Ig producing cells is a more sensitive variable of the intrathecal immune status. No Ig producing cells were found in CSF from four patients with tension headache, indicating absence of intrathecal Ig synthesis in healthy individuals. The patients with MS had higher numbers of IgM, IgA and IgG producing cells in PB than healthy controls, confirming occurrence of an extrathecal B cell response in MS. Active and stable MS patients did not differ regarding Ig producing cells in CSF nor in PB, which speaks in favour of continuous immune activity within as well as outside the CNS independent of clinical symptoms.     

Assessment of the functional activity of human lymphocytes in malignant disease by the local graft-versus-host reaction in rats and the T rosette-forming cell test.

The local graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) and the spontaneous rosette-forming cell (RFC) test were used to test the functional activity of lymphocytes in blood obtained from twenty normal donors and thirty patients with malignant tumours. The lymphocytes of all twenty control donors gave a positive GVHR and had normal RFC values. In twenty-two of the thirty patients with malignancies the GVHR was negative; of these, only five had low RFC values. In the remaining eight patients the GVHR was positive and RFC values were normal. It is concluded that the local GVHR constitutes a sensitive test for measurement of the functional activity of lymphocytes, while the RFC test can only be used as a quantitative test.     

Pre-stained slides for the demonstration of rosette-forming cells

Twenty-one specimens of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were examined for T lymphocytes (sheep erythrocyte rosette-forming cells, E-RFC). Conventional wet slide preparations and prestained slides were compared. The mean difference between parallel preparations was 2.5%. Prestained slides are convenient for the examination of RFC. Preparations are easily made without any disfigurement of the cells or disruption of rosettes.     

Rosette formation in acute lymphoid leukaemia.

The capacity of leukaemic lymphoblasts and remission lymphocytes, obtained from 40 children with acute lymphoid leukaemia, to form sheep red blood cell rosettes was investigated. Lymphoblasts isolated from the peripheral blood of the patients prior to antileukaemic treatment showed greatly reduced numbers of rosette-forming cells as compared to controls (4.6% vs. 27.5%). The ratio of rosette-forming cells during intensive induction chemotherapy was still significantly lower than the control value (15.7%), while after the achievement of complete remission the number of RFC approximated the normal value (22.5%). The presence of leukaemic serum had no significant effect on the number of RFC.