微量离心柱法与亲和交叉免疫电泳法检测甲胎蛋白异质体的研究

目的 比较微量离心柱法和亲和交叉免疫电泳自显影法两种方法 检测甲胎蛋白异质体(AFP-L3)对甲胎蛋白阳性的良恶性肝病鉴别诊断价值.方法 采用微量离心柱法和亲和交叉免疫电泳自显影法分别分析102例原发性肝癌、41例慢肝及肝硬化血清中的AFP-L3比率,比较2种方法 检测AFP-L3%对良恶性肝病鉴别诊断价值.结果 微量离心柱法和亲和电泳法对102例原发性肝癌AFP-L3%的敏感性分别是79.4%、91.2%.对41例慢肝、肝硬化AFP-L3%的特异性分别为70.7%、29.3%.亲和电泳法、微量离心柱法两种方法 检测肝癌的符合率分别为76.9%、73.4%,在ROC曲线下的面积AUC分别为0.791、0.758.4例AFP低值的原发性肝癌,采用亲和电泳方法 检测均为阴性,而采用微量离心柱方法 检测均为阳性.结论 微量离心柱法检测AFP-L3不仅操作简便、省时,而且比传统亲和电泳方法 更适合于AFP阳性良恶性肝病的鉴别诊断.     

新微量离心柱法检测甲胎蛋白异质体对肝癌诊断的研究

目的探讨采用新型微量离心柱法检测甲胎蛋白异质体AFP-L3在良恶性肝病及肝癌预警中的作用。方法应用装有耦联了小扁豆凝集素(LCA)的微量离心柱分离甲胎蛋白异质体,采用化学发光法检测AFP和AFP-L3,并计算AFP-L3在AFP中的含量比例[AFP-L3(%)],分析AFP-L3(%)升高者与良恶性肝病的关系。结果肝细胞癌患者血清中AFP-L3(%)明显高于其他肝病患者,P值均<0.001,以AFP-L3(%)≥10作为诊断指标,在已经确诊为肝癌的患者中灵敏度是90.9%。结论微量离心柱法检测甲胎蛋白异质体AFP-L3在预警肝细胞癌诊断及鉴别诊断中具有重要临床价值,特别是对低甲胎蛋白含量的肝病鉴别具有重要临床价值。     

微量离心柱法检测AFP-L3的临床应用研究

目的 探讨微量离心柱法检测甲胎蛋白异质体在肝癌预警及良恶性肝病鉴别诊断中的临床价值.方法 应用装有耦联小扁豆凝集素（LCA）的微量离心柱分离300例肝病患者的AFP-L3,采用化学发光法检测AFP及AFP-L3,计算AFP-L3占总AFP的比率（判断标准以AFP-L3≥10%者为阳性）.结果 AFP-L3在肝细胞癌患者组中的阳性率是95%,在慢性肝病患者组的阳性率是64%,两组患者AFP-L3阳性率差异有统计学意义（x2=134.72,P＜0.01）;AFP-L3阳性的慢性肝病患者与阴性患者肝癌发生率差异有统计学意义（x2=80.158,P＜0.01）;AFP-L3的百分比与AFP浓度不相关（r=0.046,P＞0.05）.结论 微量离心柱法检测甲胎蛋白异质体（AFP-L3）在肝细胞癌诊断、预警及与良恶性肝病的鉴别诊断中具有重要价值.     

AFP异质体检测及其临床应用价值

目的：探讨甲胎蛋白(AFP)异质体检测对原发性肝癌、良性肝病的临床应用价值。方法：根据小扁豆凝集素对AFP亲和力不同，采用亲和免疫电泳印迹法检测AFP-L3；化学发光免疫分析法检测AFP。结果：以AFP-L3≥15％作为PHC的诊断标准，其敏感性为91．1％，与慢性肝病鉴别诊断的特异性为95．0％，AFP-L3含量与血清AFP浓度及原发性肝癌癌灶大小无关。结论：AFP-L3结合AFP检测对原发性肝癌，尤其是小肝癌的早期诊断和与良性肝病的鉴别诊断具有重要的临床应用价值。     

离心柱法检测甲胎异质体在预测TACE术后疗效的研究

目的 探讨微量离心柱法检测甲胎蛋白异质体在原发性肝癌患者行肝动脉化疗栓塞术疗效预测的作用.方法 收集28例行TACE术治疗的肝癌患者,通过测定TACE治疗前后AFP和AFP-L3水平,比较血清AFP-L3％变化与TACE术疗效之间的关系.结果 28例行TACE治疗的肝癌患者,11例AFP-L3％下降组中有8例患者疗效好,17例AFP-L3％未下降组中只有5例患者疗效好,差异有统计学意义(x2=4.858,P＜0.05).结论 微量离心柱法检测AFP-L3对于TACE疗效的判断具有重要的临床应用价值.     

微量离心柱法分离检测甲胎蛋白异质体(AFP-L3)及其临床意义

目的探讨甲胎蛋白异质体（AFP-L3）在肝细胞癌诊断中的意义。方法应用预装有耦联小扁豆凝集素（LCA）的琼脂糖微量离心柱分离AFP-L3，采用双抗体夹心、化学发光法检测AFP和AFP-L3，并计算AFP—L3值，以AFP〉20μg／L，AFP-L3〉10％作为阳性判断标准。结果肝细胞癌患者血清中AFP、AFP-L3水平明显高于其他肝病患者，P值均〈0．001，肝癌患者以AFP、AFP-L3作为诊断指标的敏感度分别是85．1％、72．3％，特异度分别是55．4％、97．2％；8例肝病患者AFP-L3〉10％，影像诊断未发现肝癌，至少三个月以后确诊肝癌。结论甲胎蛋白异质体（AFP—L3）在肝细胞癌诊断及与良性肝病的鉴别诊断中具有重要价值。     

甲胎蛋白异质体L3预警原发性肝癌的研究

目的 探讨甲胎蛋白异质体(AFP-L3)的检测在预警原发性肝癌中的作用.方法 对100例AFP升高肝病患者血清,应用甲胎异质体微量离心柱分离并洗脱获得AFP-L3,再同时检测原始血清中的AFP以及AFP-L3含量,计算AFP-L3在AFP中的比例,对AFP-L3异常升高者、正常者进行跟踪,结合6个月后临床诊断结果 ,分析AFP-L3升高在鉴别良性肝脏病变与预警肝癌中的作用.结果 肝癌、疑似肝癌患者与良性肝病患者中的AFP-L3阳性率差异有统计学意义(分别为81.80%、73.68%、11.80%,P＜0.05).未确诊肝癌(疑似HCC、肝病)的患者中,AFP-L3阳性的21例中有12例在6个月内被诊断为HCC,而且有6例是通过B超、CT等影像学手段被早期确诊的单发性小肝癌.AFP-L3阴性的62例标本中,6个月内有3例发生肝癌,AFP-L3阳性发生肝癌的危险率增加了11.9倍.结论 AFP-L3与AFP值无相关性,可以作为一个独立肝细胞癌诊断因子.AFP-L3的测定对于AFP升高时良、恶性肝病的鉴别及肝癌的早期预警诊断具有重要意义.     

GP73联合其他肿瘤标志物检测对AFP阴性原发性肝细胞癌临床诊断价值

目的 早期原发性肝细胞癌患者中80％患者的AFP肿瘤标志物检测结果为阴性,本研究探讨对于AFP阴性的原发性肝细胞癌患者采用联合检查血清高尔基体糖蛋白73(GP73)、扁豆凝集素结合型甲胎蛋白异质体(AFP-L3)、磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖3(GPC3)、脱-γ-羧基凝血酶原(DCP)、CA19-9、铁蛋白(FER)以及癌胚抗原(CEA)的临床意义.方法 选取50例原发性肝细胞癌患者(A组)、60例消化系统异常的非原发性肝细胞癌患者(B组)和40例健康人群(C组)纳入本研究.采用酶联免疫分析方法测定血清中GP73、GPC3和DCP含量,采用微量离心柱分离血清AFP-L3,采用电化学发光免疫分析检测血清CA19-9、FER、CEA、AFP-L3以及总AFP,计算AFP-L3所占比例(AFP-L3/总AFP).结果 三组中除FER以外的各项指标差异均极显著(P＜0.01),原发性肝细胞癌组患者的7种肿瘤标志物的阳性率均显著高于其他两组(P＜0.01),各单项检测中,GP73的灵敏度、准确度以及ROC曲线面积最大,分别为72.0％、86.7％和0.826,GPC3的检测特异性最高为98.0％.结合7种肿瘤标志物检测的临床敏感性、特异性、准确性和ROC曲线面积分别为82.0％、95.0％、90.1％和0.884.结论 GP73和AFP-L3是AFP阴性原发性肝细胞癌患者临床诊断的首选肿瘤标志物,临床上采用多种肿瘤标志物检测能显著提高诊断准确率.     

血清AFP、AFP-L3及GP73在原发性肝癌诊断和鉴别诊断中的应用评价

目的研究血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)、甲胎蛋白异质体(AFP-L3)和高尔基体蛋白73(GP73)单独和联合检测在原发性肝癌诊断和鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法选取中国科技大学附属第一医院2017年1月至2019年6月共263例血清标本,其中原发性肝癌患者76例、乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿期患者40例、乙型肝炎肝硬化患者44例、慢性乙型肝炎患者43例、乙肝病毒携带者30例及同期健康体检者30例,采用酶联免疫分析法检测血清标本GP73水平,采用微量离心柱法分离血清标本的AFP-L3,用罗氏化学发光法同时检测AFP与AFP-L3水平,并计算AFP-L3在AFP中的比率。比较6组AFP、AFP-L3、GP73的表达水平,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线进行分析,比较三个项目单项和联合检测的灵敏度、特异性及准确率。结果AFP和GP73、AFP-L3在PHC患者的血清中均可被检测,且血清水平均显著高于其他各组(P<0.01),但PHC和LC失代偿期GP73均为高表达,分别为203.75ng/mL和157.61ng/mL(两者比较P>0.05)。单项指标分析,AFP的灵敏度最高(77.60%),ROC曲线下面积最大(0.803),AFP-L3的特异性和准确率最高,分别为98.90%和82.89%;在联合检测中,AFP联合AFP-L3特异性达到98.40%,准确率为85.38%;结论单项检测AFP的灵敏度较高,AFP-L3的特异性高,对于肝癌与非肝癌的鉴别诊断非常有价值;而联合检测中,AFP联合AFP-L3组合最佳,有助于临床医生减少误诊率,降低职业风险。     

甲胎蛋白异质体在良、恶性肝病中的鉴别诊断价值

本文应用微量离心柱法对70例肝癌和70例良性肝病患者进行AFP及AFP-L3检测,探讨两指标对肝脏良、恶性疾病的鉴别诊断价值。1对象和方法1.1对象本院2010年3月～2011年12月住院患者70例(男50,女20)原发性肝癌(PHC)血清标本,年龄(22～88)岁,平均(55.0±15.0)岁;随机选取良性肝病70例(男48,     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

The universal muscular chain reaction,muscle spasm,Torsions, ruptures and extravasations. Chameleons of pathology and some manifestations of simple muscular disorders

Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is “panenepidemic” and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes.     

Hypo- und Hypermagnesämie aus kardiologischer Sicht

Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe pathologischer Zustände bedingen Magnesiummangel. Zustände mit Hypermagnesämie sind ebenfalls bekannt, doch wesentlich seltener. Für den Kardiologen beachtenswert ist, daß unter Therapie mit bestimmten Diuretica bei Herzinsuffizienz, bei Herzinfarkt, Kardiomyopathie, Digitalisintoxikation und bestimmten Herzrhythmusstörungen Hypomagnesämie beobachtet wurde. Leider kann in der klinischen Routine nur ein extracelluläres Magnesiumdefizit durch Serumbestimmungen gemessen werden; über Magnesiummangel einzelner Organe kann nichts ausgesagt werden. Hinweise für Magnesiummangel geben aber neben der Messung des Serumspiegels Anamnese, klinischer Befund, bestimmte EKG-Veränderungen wie auch evtl. Hypokalämie, ein Zustand, bei dem sich oft — besonders bei Aldosteronismus — parallele Veränderungen zeigten.Tierexperimente deuten darauf hin, daß infarktähnliche Läsionen unter Magnesiummangel entstehen, doch ob Herzinfarkt beim Menschen durch Magnesiummangel ausgelöst werden kann, ist noch ungeklärt. In Leichenherzen zeigte sich im Infarktgebiet neben Calciumakkumulation signifikanter Magnesiumverlust, wobei unklar blieb, ob sich Ursache oder Folge des Infarktes widerspiegelten. Falls ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang besteht, ist er im Myokardstoffwechsel selbst zu suchen, wie bei der Alkoholkardiomyopathie, wo myokardialer Magnesiummangel zumindest als pathogenetischer Teilfaktor anerkannt wird. Andererseits versucht man aber auch Beziehungen zwischen Atherosklerose, Blutgerinnung und Hypomagnesämie herzustellen, in der Meinung, daß Magnesiummangel auch über den coronaren Pathomechanismus des Herzinfarktes wirken könnte. Sicher scheint, daß gewisse EKG-Veränderungen und Herzrhythmusstörungen durch einen irritierten Magnesiumhaushalt bedingt sein können, da sie bei Gabe bzw. Entzug von Magnesium verschwinden. Daß Magnesiummangel die Glykosidtoleranz verringert, wird tierexperimentell bestätigt. Unter Hypomagnesämie bewirkt Acetylstrophanthidin eher und länger Rhythmusstörungen als ohne, außerdem lassen diese sich durch Magnesiumgaben eliminieren. Da in gewissen Fällen spontane und digitalisinduzierte Herzrythmusstörungen durch Magnesiuminjektionen beseitigt wurden, scheint Magnesium als Therapeuticum angebracht. Einsatz verschiedener Magnesiumsalze bei Angina pectoris, degenerativen Herzerkrankungen und Herzinsuffizienz ohne geprüften und offensichtlich gestörten Magnesiumhaushalt ist fragwürdig, weil keine eindeutigen klinischen Erfolgsbeweise vorliegen. Immerhin mag es aber larvierte, durch Serumbestimmungen nicht erfaßbare Mangelzustände geben. Allgemein erscheint es aus kardiologischer Sicht ratsam, den Magnesiumhaushalt zu überwachen und in entsprechenden Fällen auszugleichen, um möglichen Myokardläsionen oder fatalen Herzrhythmusstörungen entgegenzuwirken.     

Environmental risk factors and their role in the management of atopic dermatitis

Introduction: The etiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) is multifactorial with interaction between genetics, immune and environmental factors.

Areas covered: We review the role of prenatal exposures, irritants and pruritogens, pathogens, climate factors, including temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, outdoor and indoor air pollutants, tobacco smoke exposure, water hardness, urban vs. rural living, diet, breastfeeding, probiotics and prebiotics on AD.

Expert commentary: The increased global prevalence of AD cannot be attributed to genetics alone, suggesting that evolving environmental exposures may trigger and/or flare disease in predisposed individuals. There is a complex interplay between different environmental factors, including individual use of personal care products and exposure to climate, pollution, food and other exogenous factors. Understanding these complex risk factors is crucial to developing targeted interventions to prevent the disease in millions. Moreover, patients require counseling on optimal regimens for minimization of exposure to irritants and pruritogens and other harmful exposures.     

HLA genes in Amerindians from Mexico San Vicente Tancuayalab Teenek/Huastecos

Huastecos or Teenek Amerindians are presently living at North East Mexico (San Luis Potosi State). They have probably one of the most ancient culture of Mexico and Central America together with Mayas and Olmec groups with which also show close relationships. Proximity to Atlantic Ocean/Mexican Gulf originated that Spaniards had very early contact with them at about 1519 CE or before. In the present paper we have aimed to study HLA gene profile which may be useful for HLA and disease epidemiology and transplant programs in Teeneks. HLA-DRB1*04:07, -DRB1*14:06 and -DRB1*04:11 have been found in high frequency like in other Amerindian groups. High frequency typical Amerindians HLA extended haplotypes have been found, such as A*02-B*35-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02; A*68-B*39-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 and A*02-B*39-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02; also new haplotypes have been described, like A*02-B*52-DRB1*04:11-DQB1*03:02, A*68-B*35-DRB1*14:02-DQB1*03:01 and A*68-B*40-DRB1*16:02-DQB1*03:01. Genetic proximity is observed not only to linguistically close Mayans, but also to Mazatecans, Mixtecans and Zapotecans, who speak an altogether different languages; it shows once more that genes and languages do not correlate. This population was greatly diminished after European contact between 1500 and 1600 years CE; in fact, North and South America First Inhabitants population was brought from 80 down to 8 million people because of diseases (i.e.: measles, smallpox or influenza), slavery and war.     

État de l’art : nouveaux anticoagulants et transfusion

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) are indicated for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation and for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism. As any anticoagulant, they are associated with a bleeding risk. Management of DOAC-induced bleeding is challenging. Idarucizumab, antidote for dabigatran, is currently available and is part of the therapeutic strategy, whereas antidotes for anti-Xa agents are under development. Activated or non-activated prothrombin concentrates are proposed, although their efficacy to reverse DOAC is uncertain. We propose an update on DOAC-associated bleeding management, integrating the availability of idarucizumab and the critical place of DOAC concentration measurements.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.