黏蛋白MUC1、MUC2和MUC5AC在卵巢上皮性肿瘤中的表达及意义

一、材料和方法 选取哈尔滨医科大学附属第三医院1989年1月～2003年6月期间卵巢上皮性肿瘤手术切除标本90例。其中浆液性肿瘤50例(良性10例、交界性10例、恶性30例)，黏液性肿瘤40例(良性10例、交界性10例、恶性20例)。年龄19～72岁(平均44．7岁)，病理分级按WHO病理分级标准。其中G1级23例、G2级18例、G3级9例。临床分期按FIGO     

黏蛋白MUC1和MUC2联合表达与大肠癌的相关性

目的探讨黏蛋白MUC1和MUC2在大肠腺癌中的分型及其与临床各个病理参数之间的关系。方法用免疫组织化学S-P法对20例切端肠黏膜、31例癌旁组织及60例大肠腺癌进行黏蛋白MUC1、MUC2检测。结果在上述3者中，黏蛋白MUC1阳性表达率分别为17．62％、25．81％、46．67％(P=0．019)；MUC2阳性表达率分别为100％、87．1％、58．33％(P-0．000)。根据MUC1和MUC2在大肠腺癌中的表达把大肠腺癌分为4型：MUC2 ／MUC1-、MUc2 ／MUC1 、MUC2-／MUC1 、MUC2-／MUC1-，其中MUC2 ／MUC1-型与淋巴结转移、Dukes分期以及生存期具有明显的相关性；MUC2 ／MUC1 型与各个临床病理参数均不具有相关性；MUC2-／MUC1 型与发生部位、淋巴结转移、Dukes分期具有相关性；MUC2-／MUC1-犁与生存期具有相关性。结论MUC1的上调表达或MUC2的下调表达可能参与了大肠腺癌的发生，各型大肠腺癌与肿瘤的发展、浸润及转移相关，对临床上判断预后具有较大的意义。     

卵巢浆液性、黏液性囊腺癌DNA拓扑异构酶的表达

目的：探讨DNA拓扑异构酶在卵巢浆液性,黏液性囊腺癌中的表达及与细胞增殖,凋亡的关系。方法：应用免疫组化S－P法检测石蜡包埋的71例卵巢浆液性,黏液性囊腺癌组织切片中DNA拓扑异构酶Ⅱ（DNA topoisomeraseⅡ,TOPOⅡ）表达和细胞增殖指数（Ki-67 labeling index,Ki-67 LI)和应用原位末端标记技术（TUNEL）检测细胞凋亡指数（apoptosis index,AI).结果：TOPOⅡ高表达为36．6％（26／71）,与组织学类型,FIGO分期和组织学分级差异无显著性（P＞0．05）;Ki-67 LI高表达为43．7％（31／71）,与FIGO分期差异有显著性（P＜0．001）;AI高表达为25．6％（18／71）,与组织学分级,FIGO分期和组织学分级均差异无显著性（P＞0．05）,但AI与TOPOⅡ表达有相关（P＜0．01）。结论：应用免疫组化方法检测组织中TOPOⅡ和Ki-67LI水平,对卵巢浆液性,黏液性囊腺癌化疗方案选择和预后判断具有实用意义。     

H3K9Ac在卵巢上皮性肿瘤中的表达及其临床意义

目的 研究组蛋白H3赖氨酸残基9位乙酰化（H3KgAc）在卵巢上皮性肿瘤中的表达及其与卵巢癌组织学分级、临床分期之间的关系。方法 采用免疫组织化学ABC法检测20例良性、16例交界性、40例恶性卵巢上皮性肿瘤中H3K9Ac的表达情况，并分析其与临床病理指标间的关系。结果 ①H3K9Ac在良性、交界性、恶性卵巢上皮性肿瘤中的表达逐渐降低，差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0．01）；②与粘液性囊腺癌相比，H3KgAc在浆液性囊腺癌中表达较低，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；③H3KgAc的表达与卵巢上皮性癌的组织分化程度及临床分期有关，在Ⅲ、Ⅳ期卵巢癌中H3KgAc的表达明显低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期卵巢癌（P〈0．01）；随着组织分化程度降低，H3KgAc表达也逐渐降低，两两比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 H3KgAc在良性、交界性、恶性卵巢上皮性肿瘤中的表达差异显著，且随着卵巢上皮性癌恶性程度的增高，表达逐渐降低，H3K9Ac可能为卵巢上皮性肿瘤的良恶性及其预后判断提供一个新的生物学指标。     

卵巢上皮性肿瘤中Skp2、p27kipl、E-cad的表达

目的检测Skp2、p27kipl和E-cad在卵巢上皮性肿瘤中的表达情况及其相互关系。方法采用免疫组化SP法，检测99例卵巢上皮性肿瘤组织中Skp2、p27kipl及E-cad的表达。结果p27kipl在卵巢良性肿瘤、交界性肿瘤的表达率分别为76．5％、70．6％高于卵巢癌29．2％（P〈0．05），在早期癌中的表达高于晚期癌（P〈0．05）。Skp2在卵巢良性肿瘤、交界性肿瘤的表达率分别为0、23．5％，均低于卵巢癌50．8％（P〈0．05），在早期癌的表达低于晚期癌（P〈0．05）。卵巢癌中skp2表达与组织分化有关，在低分化癌的阳性表达率高于高分化癌（P〈0．05），在组织学类型方面，浆液性癌中skp2的阳性表达率高于非浆液性癌（P〈0．05）。E—cad在良性肿瘤、交界性肿瘤和卵巢癌表达率分别为88．2％、82．4％、55．4％，恶性组低于良性组（P〈0．05）。E—cad在早期癌的表达率高于晚期癌（P〈0．05）。Skp2表达与p27kipl表达呈负相关（P〈0．05），E-cad表达与p27kipl表达呈正相关（P〈0．05），而E-cad表达与Skp2表达则呈负相关（P〈0．05）。结论skp2过度表达与p27kipl表达减少可能与卵巢上皮性肿瘤的发生发展密切相关，而E-cad在晚期卵巢癌中表达降低可能反映了卵巢癌分化程度的降低。     

Beclin 1、LC3-II及P62蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨上皮性卵巢癌中Beclin、LC3-Ⅱ及P62蛋白的表达及临床意义。方法选取2011年6月—2013年3月我院手术切除并经病理学检查确诊的上皮性卵巢癌标本50例为实验组,同期手术切除正常卵巢组织20例作为对照,通过免疫组织化学sP法,检测标本中Beclin1、LC3．Ⅱ及P62蛋白的表达情况,并结合临床病理资料进行分析。结果在上皮性卵巢癌组织中,Beclin 1、LC3-Ⅱ蛋白的阳性表达率分别为46．00％（23／50）和42．00％（21／50）,低于正常卵巢组织的95．00％（19／20）和85．00％（17／20）;而P62蛋白的阳性表达率为72．00％（36／50）,高于正常卵巢组织的10．00％（2／20）,差异均具有统计学意义（P值均〈0．05）。在上皮性卵巢癌组织中,Beclin1、LC3-Ⅱ蛋白的表达与FIGO分期、病理分级具有相关性（P〈0．05）,而P62蛋白的表达与FIGO分期具有相关性（P〈0．05）。Beclinl蛋白和LC3-Ⅱ蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌组织中的表达呈正相关（P〈0．01）,P62蛋白的表达与Beclin1、LC3-Ⅱ蛋白均呈负相关（P〈0．01）。结论在上皮性卵巢癌组织中,Beclin1、LC3-Ⅱ和P62蛋白的异常表达,可导致自噬体形成减少和自噬功能减弱;可能与卵巢癌的发生、发展和预后不良有关。     

卵巢浆液性交界性肿瘤中clusterin的表达

目的探讨凋亡抑制因子clusterin在卵巢浆液性肿瘤中发生、发展的作用及其与bcl-2、Ki-67表达的关系。方法免疫组化sP法检测clusterin、bcl-2、Ki-67在20例卵巢浆液性囊腺瘤，28例浆液性交界性肿瘤，26例浆液性囊腺癌标本中的表达。结果clusterin在囊腺瘤、交界性肿瘤、囊腺癌中的阳性率分别为40％，67．9％，96．2％。囊腺癌中的clusterin与Ki-67的表达水平均明显高于囊腺瘤（P〈0．05）和SBOT（P〈0．05）。交界性肿瘤中有腹水的患者clusterin阳性率要明显高于无腹水者（P=0．0390），Ki-67在有腹膜种植的患者阳性率要明显高于无腹膜种植者（P=0．0473）。且两者的表达成正相关。结论clusterin基因可能通过抑制凋亡在卵巢浆液性肿瘤的发生发展中起重要作用。clusterin与Ki-67结合起来分析可能作为鉴别SBOT与浆液性癌的辅助指标。     

PTEN蛋白和FHIT蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达及临床病理意义

目的检测抑癌基因蛋白PTEN、FHIT表达在卵巢癌发展中的作用及相关病理机制。方法采用免疫组化法检测45例卵巢癌组织、10例卵巢交界性肿瘤、10例卵巢良性肿瘤、5例正常卵巢组织中PTEN和FHIT蛋白表达，并比较这两种蛋白表达与临床病理特征的关系。结果卵巢癌和交界性卵巢肿瘤组织中PTEN蛋白和FHIT蛋白表达显著低于卵巢囊肿和正常卵巢（P〈0．05），在上皮性卵巢癌中这两种蛋白表达与组织分化程度正相关（P〈0．05），它们表达降低或失活与卵巢癌淋巴结转移相关（P〈0．005），但与组织学类型无显著相关性。PTEN蛋白表达与恶性肿瘤临床分期负相关．FHIT蛋白表达与临床分期无显著相关性。这两种蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌中表达的相关性有统计学意义（P=0．0343）。结论在卵巢癌发生过程中PTEN蛋白表达降低起到重要作用，预示着卵巢癌的不良预后；FHIT蛋白缺失是恶性上皮性卵巢肿瘤的特征，其表达缺失在卵巢肿瘤的发生发展中起一定作用，可能与上皮性卵巢癌的恶性进展及转移有关．这两种蛋白可能协同促进卵巢癌的发生、发展、浸润及转移。     

MUC1基因疫苗对膀胱肿瘤抑制的免疫学实验研究

目的：研究人粘蛋白MUC1基因DNA疫苗诱导小鼠细胞毒性T细胞（CTL）及体液免疫应答的作用，为膀胱癌的疫苗治疗提供实验资料。方法：接种pcDNA3．1（＋）-MUC1质粒，通过ELISA法检测小鼠血清MUC1抗体生成和脾细胞产生IL-2和1FN-7的量，通过LDH释放法测定CTL对BIU-87细胞的杀伤活性。结果：接种pcDNA3．1（＋）-MUC1疫苗后，小鼠血清中抗MUC1抗体水平明显升高，与对照组相比有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。脾细胞产生的IL-2和IFN-7水平较对照组高（P〈0．01）。在效靶比为100：1、50：1、25：1、12．5：1时，MUC1基因疫苗免疫组小鼠CTL对BIU-87杀伤率（分别为58．4％、47．2％、35．7％、27．4％），较空载体pcDNA3．1（＋）组小鼠和灭菌生理盐水组小鼠（分别为11％、19．2％、9．5％、14％和16．5％、11．9％、8．6％、10．3％）均明显升高，且有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论：MUC1基因DNA疫苗能够诱导小鼠产生抗MUC1特异性抗体，诱导产生杀伤表达MUC1细胞的CTL，为MUC1基因疫苗用于膀胱肿瘤生物治疗提供了一定的实验依据。     

BARD1剪切变异体在卵巢癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨卵巢癌肿瘤抗原新基因OCY-142即BARD1的剪切变异体在卵巢癌中的表达及临床意义。方法用RT—PCR的方法检测OCY-142在卵巢癌组织和正常卵巢组织中的表达。结果在28例卵巢癌组织中,有10例（35．7％）明显表达OCY-142抗原基因,而30例正常卵巢组织中均没有OCY-142抗原基因的表达,两者之间有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。OCY-142的表达与卵巢癌的病理类型有关,在浆液性乳头状囊腺癌患者中有较高的特异性（P〈0．05）,但OCY-142的表达与卵巢癌的临床分期和组织分化程度没有相关性（P〉0．05）。结论卵巢癌肿瘤抗原基因OCY-142是BARD1基因的1个剪切变异体,其有可能成为卵巢恶性肿瘤免疫治疗的新靶点。OCY-142在卵巢浆液性囊腺癌中有较高的表达,其临床意义值得进行更深入的研究。     

MUC1, MUC2 and MUC5AC expressions in cardiac myxoma

Background Cardiac myxoma, the most common primary tumor of the heart, has a variable clinical presentation and immunohistochemical profile. An abundant mucopolysaccharidic matrix exists, including mucin, within cardiac myxoma. This investigation first reports the expressions of mucin genes in cardiac myxoma.Methods A retrospective study was conducted between December 1976 and February 2003, comprising 101 consecutive patients with cardiac myxoma who were treated with surgical excision. Detailed clinical parameters also were reviewed. Mucin genes, namely MUC1, MUC2 and MUC5AC, were studied immunohistochemically in 47 randomly selected patients.Results The study group contained 57 (57%) women and 44 (43%) men, with a mean age of 38±21 years. Their presentations included: asymptomatic (41%), dyspnea (35%), stroke (23%), chest pain (7%), fever (6%), syncope (5%) and tricuspid regurgitation (70%). The sample included 90 myxoma located in the left atrium, 3 (3%) recurrent myxoma and 8 (8%) myxoma not located in the left atrium. The myxoma did not differ with location or clinical event in terms of pathological scores, such as vascular proliferation, inflammation, cellularity, hyaline, calcification and thrombosis. Cardiac myxoma is characterized by excessive mucus secretion. Expression of membrane-associated MUC1 was considerably higher than that of the secreted mucins, MUC2 and MUC5AC (P<0.05). Furthermore, expression of MUC5AC is related to lesser embolism (P<0.05).Conclusions This work first examined the immunohistochemical expression of mucin (MUC1, MUC2 and MUC5AC) in cardiac myxoma. This investigation then showed that the expression of representative membrane-associated mucin, MUC1, and/or secretory mucins, MUC2 and MUC5AC, in cardiac myxoma was associated with important tumor clinicopathological characteristics. Moreover, MUC5AC appears related to lesser embolism. This approach can help distinguish the potential roles of secretory mucins versus membrane-associated mucins in the development of cardiac myxoma.     

Expression of MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC6 apomucins in carcinoma, dysplasia and non-dysplastic epithelia of the gallbladder

To date, nine apomucins have been characterized and their expression in malignant and premalignant lesions is under evaluation. The purpose of this study was to characterize immunohistochemically the expression of MUC2 (colonic/ intestinal type), MUC5AC (gastric surface type), and MUC6 (pyloric gland type) apomucins in 55 patients with gallbladder carcinoma (10 with in situ carcinoma, 45 with invasive carcinoma), 20 patients with gallbladder dysplasia, and 15 patients with non-dysplastic gallbladder. MUC2 was expressed mainly in 'goblet type' cells. The frequency was increased in non-dysplastic gallbladder (47%), dysplasia (75%), and in situ carcinoma (100%), and decreased in invasive carcinoma (58%). Carcinoma cells expressing MUC2, which were usually distributed at superficial areas, and well-differentiated carcinoma expressed MUC2 more extensively than moderately and poorly differentiated ones. MUC5AC was frequently expressed in gallbladder irrespective of non-dysplastic epithelia, dysplasia and carcinoma. MUC5AC was expressed also in carcinoma cells at deeply invasive sites. MUC6 was expressed frequently in pseudopyloric gland metaplasia as well as dysplasia and carcinoma. In conclusion, non-dysplastic gallbladder has a similar phenotype to gastric pyloric mucosa. Gallbladder carcinoma exhibits both intestinal and gastric surface phenotypes in the early stage of carcinogenesis, with the gastric surface phenotype dominant in invasive carcinoma.     

Alterations in mucin expression in ovarian mucinous tumors: immunohistochemical analysis of MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, and CD10 expression

The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, and CD10 in ovarian mucinous adenoma (MA), mucinous borderline tumor (MB), and mucinous adenocarcinoma (MC), and to analyze the relationship between prognosis and these expressions. The expression of MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, and CD10 was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis in 29 cases of MA, 29 cases of MB, and 26 cases of MC and scored based on the percentage of positive cells. Moreover, the ovarian mucinous tumors were classified into 4 phenotypes based on the staining patterns: intestinal, gastrointestinal, gastric, and unclassified patterns. The gastrointestinal pattern and the expression of MUC2 and CD10 increased from MA to MC. Conversely, the gastric pattern and MUC5AC expression decreased from MA to MC. Low MUC2 expression in MC was correlated with a better long-term survival rate. MUC2 expression in MC may be a useful predictor of the clinical outcome. The expression patterns of MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, and CD10 indicated that intestinal metaplasia may arise from the gastric-like epithelium in MA and that a close association exists between carcinogenesis and intestinal metaplasia in major ovarian mucinous tumors.     

MUC1黏蛋白模拟表位的筛选和鉴定

目的从噬菌体表面展示的随机12肽库中筛选出MUC1抗原的模拟表位。方法通过生物淘洗，获得阳性噬菌体克隆，通过基因测序，推导氨基酸序列，同MUC1核心序列比较，选出2个模拟表位，进行抗原表位预测和竞争抑制实验。结果筛选到的两个模拟表位与MUC1单克隆抗体的亲和力均较强，能特异性抑制MUC1的抗原抗体结合，且包含有与某些MHCⅠ类分子较好结合的位点。结论从噬菌体12肽库中筛选出两个MUC1的模拟表位可以作为靶向MUC1肿瘤疫苗的候选肽。     

The differences between the localizations of MUC1, MUC5AC, MUC6 and osteopontin in quail proventriculus and gizzard may be a reflection of functional differences of stomach parts

Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins which constitute the major component of the mucus layer and are produce by many epithelial tissues in vertebrates. Osteopontin (OPN) is an adhesive phosphorylated glycoprotein that is expressed by a broad range of tissues and cells. Although gastric mucins MUC1, MUC5AC, MUC6 and OPN have been widely used in histological studies and in diagnostic pathology in order to diagnose gastric carcinomas, their localizations in the stomach of quail have not yet been studied. In this study, the localizations of MUC1, MUC5AC, MUC6 and OPN in the proventriculus and gizzard of Japanese quail during the post-hatching period were compared at light microscope levels by applying immunohistochemical methods. In all ages studied, the immunoreactivity of MUC5AC was present in the lining epithelium of both folds and superficial proventricular glands in the proventriculus, whereas MUC1, MUC6 and OPN reactivity was found in the oxynticopeptic cells of profound proventricular glands. In addition, some cells in the fold epithelium of the proventriculus showed a positive reaction to OPN. The immunoreactivity of MUC1 in gizzard was different from that of MUC5AC. Although MUC5AC was expressed in the cells of both the surface epithelium and profound glands of the gizzard, MUC1 was only localized in the profound glands of the gizzard. However, MUC6 and OPN immunoreactivity was absent in the gizzard. The results indicated that the differences between the localizations of MUC1, MUC5AC, MUC6 and OPN in quail proventriculus and gizzard may be a reflection of functional differences of stomach parts. Although the biological significances of the expressions of MUC1, MUC5AC, MUC6 and OPN in the quail stomach remains unknown, these notable glycoproteins may be associated with barrier function, host defence, and/or secretion.     

Expression of MUC1 and MUC2 mucins in gastric carcinomas: their relationship with clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between MUC1 and MUC2 mucin expressions and clinicopathologic variables in gastric carcinomas with regard to survival times. MUC1 and MUC2 expressions were revealed immunohistochemically in 143 gastric carcinomas. Of these 143 patients, follow-up data were available for 45 (median survival time of 30 months, ranging from 2 to 80 months). MUC1 was detected in 82 (58%), and MUC2 in 60 (42%) out of 143 cases. Papillary adenocarcinomas showed significantly higher MUC1 and MUC2 immunoreactivity than did signet-ring cell and mucinous tumors (p = 0.045 and p = 0.01, respectively). MUC1 was highly positive in intestinal-type carcinomas (p = 0.006), whereas intestinal and diffuse carcinomas did not differ in MUC2 expression. There was a positive correlation between tumor differentiation and MUC1 expression. However, no correlation was found between MUC1 and MUC2 expressions and angiolymphatic invasion. According to the TNM classification, stage 1A tumors have significantly lower rates of MUC1 reactivity compared to higher stages (p = 0.04). The patients with gastric carcinomas expressing MUC1 showed significantly poorer survival than those without MUC1 expression (p = 0.04). The present study suggests that MUC1 expression be a useful prognostic factor for predicting the outcome of gastric carcinoma patients, whereas the role of MUC2 expression is still unclear.     

Expression of MUC1 and MUC2 mucins and relationship with cell proliferative activity in human colorectal neoplasia

Our previous studies on MUC1 and MUC2 mucin expression in various human neoplasms have found that MUC1 expression is related with a poor outcome whereas MUC2 expression is related with a favorable outcome. In the present study, we examined the alteration of MUC1 and MUC2 antigens on malignant transformation of colorectal mucosa, and also its relationship with cell proliferative activity (Ki-67 labeling index) of neoplastic epithelial cells in 200 adenomas and 58 carcinomas. In the 200 adenomas, we analyzed a total of 400 adenomatous lesions (mild dysplasia, 200 lesions; moderate dysplasia, 153 lesions; severe dysplasia, 47 lesions). MUC1 was expressed in carcinomas (24%) and adenomas with severe dysplasia (4%), but was not expressed in adenomas with mild or moderate dysplasia. MUC2 was expressed in a significantly greater number of adenomas with mild dysplasia (72%) than in adenomas with moderate dysplasia (45%) or severe dysplasia (47%), as well as in the carcinomas (38%; P < 0.0001). The Ki-67 labeling index was significantly lower in the MUC2-positive cases than in the MUC2-negative cases in the adenomas with mild dysplasia (13.6 vs 24.2%; P < 0.0001) or moderate dysplasia (25.7 vs 44.4%; P < 0.0001), and in the carcinomas (32.5 vs 48.4%; P < 0.05). In conclusion, the data from our study indicate that increased MUC1 expression and reduced MUC2 expression may be related to malignant transformation of colorectal neoplasia. We also demonstrated that decreased MUC2 expression, which is correlated with increased Ki-67 labeling, may play an important role in the progression of colorectal adenomatous change.     

针对MUC1黏蛋白DC疫苗的研究进展

树突状细胞(DC)作为抗原递呈细胞在激活肿瘤特异性免疫中发挥重要作用,DC疫苗为肿瘤免疫治疗提供了一种有效手段.MUC1是一种高分子量糖蛋白,属于粘蛋白家族成员,在多种上皮性肿瘤中异常表达,是肿瘤免疫治疗的理想靶抗原.本文综述了MUC1的生物学特征、DC对MUC1的递呈和以MUC1为靶点DC疫苗的抗肿瘤效果.     

Expression of MUC1 and MUC2 mucins in extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas: its relationship with tumor progression and prognosis

Our previous immunohistochemical studies in the pancreas, intrahepatic bile duct, and ampulla of Vater demonstrated that an invasive carcinoma with a poor outcome showed a pattern of MUC1 (membrane-bound mucin) positive and MUC2 (intestinal-type secretory mucin) negative, whereas many of the non-invasive tumors with favorable outcome showed a pattern of MUC1 negative and MUC2 positive. The aim of this study is to compare the expression profiles of MUC1 and MUC2 mucins in extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas to gain insight into the relationship between the biological nature of the carcinomas and the role of mucins. We examined the expression profiles of MUC1 of different glycoforms and MUC2 in 60 extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas using immunohistochemistry.The expression of MUC1/CORE (core peptide of MUC1), MUC1/DF3 (core peptide of MUC1 with sialyl oligosaccharides) and MUC1/MY.1 E12 (sialylated MUC1) showed a significant relationship with tumor progression factors such as poor differentiation, deep invasion, lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion or perineural invasion. In contrast, the expression of MUC1/HMFG-1 (fully glycosylated MUC1) did not show a significant relationship with the tumor progression factors. In the different glycoforms of MUC1 examined, the expression of MUC1/DF3 and MUC1/MY.1E12 was related with the poor outcome of the patients. In contrast, the expression of MUC2 was inversely related with the tumor progression factors and poor outcome. In the 52 patients with advanced tumors, only MUC1/DF3 high expression correlated with poor prognosis. In conclusion, MUC1/DF3 was the most useful prognosis indicator among the various glycoforms of MUC1 mucins.