阿托伐他汀对心肌梗死大鼠心肌细胞核内FoxO3a表达的影响

目的探讨阿托伐他汀对大鼠心肌梗死(myocardial infarction,MI)后心肌细胞核内FoxO3a表达和心室重构的影响。方法建立大鼠MI模型,24 h后存活大鼠随机分成MI组(n=8)、阿托伐他汀10 mg组[10 mg/(kg.d),Ato组,n=8],同时另设假手术组(Sham组,n=10)。4周后观察左心室质量指数(left ventricular mass index,LVMI),免疫组化染色和RT-PCR检测FoxO3a在左心室非梗死区(non-infarction zone,NIZ)心肌细胞核内蛋白质和mRNA表达水平,流式细胞技术(flow cytometry,FCM)检测FoxO3a蛋白在NIZ心肌细胞核内表达含量。SAS9.1统计软件分析数据。结果 MI组与Sham组相比,LVMI显著增加(P<0.05);左室心肌非梗死区FoxO3a mRNA、FoxO3a蛋白表达(免疫组化)、FCM检测心肌细胞核内蛋白表达量表达均降低(P<0.05)。与MI组相比,Ato组LVMI显著下降(P<0.05);但高于Sham组(P<0.05);与MI组比较Ato组左室心肌非梗死区FoxO3a mRNA、Fox-O3a蛋白表达(免疫组化)、FCM检测心肌细胞核内蛋白表达量表达均显著增高(P<0.05);但低于Sham组(P<0.05)。结论阿托伐他汀能够有效地改善MI后心室重构,机制可能与上调细胞核内FoxO3a表达量有关。     

肿瘤坏死因子-α对微循环障碍大鼠心功能的影响

目的:观察微循环障碍大鼠心功能的变化,探讨肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)对其心功能的影响。方法:30只SD大鼠随机分为模型组和对照组,每组各15只。模型组用自体微血栓法致大鼠冠脉微血管堵塞,造成微循环障碍。采用冠脉压力温度测量导丝检测冠脉微循环阻力指数(IMR),心脏超声检测左室短轴缩短率(FS),颈动脉心室内插管法评估大鼠左室收缩压(LVSP)和左室舒张末压(LVEDP),ELISA检测血清中TNF-α的含量,比较两组大鼠以上各指标的差异。将造模成功的14只微循环障碍大鼠按照TNF-α的含量分为高炎组(≥170pg/ml,n=7)和低炎组(<170pg/ml,n=7),比较两组大鼠心功能的差异。结果:与对照组比较,模型组大鼠IMR明显增加(P<0.05),FS明显降低(P<0.05),LVSP显著降低(P<0.01),而LVEDP显著升高(P<0.01);模型组血清TNF-α的含量较对照组显著增加(P<0.05)。高炎组FS和LVSP较低炎组均明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),而LVEDP显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:冠状微循环障碍大鼠心功能受损与TNF-α水平升高有关。     

夏至草醇提物对急性微循环障碍大鼠自由基损伤的影响

目的观察夏至草醇提物对高分子右旋糖苷(Dextran 500)致急性微循环障碍大鼠器官自由基损伤的影响。方法Wistar雄性大鼠20只,随机分为夏至草组(n=8)、模型组(n=6)和对照组(n=6)。静注10?xtran 500(10 ml/kg.bw)复制急性微循环障碍模型(对照组以等量生理盐水代替)。6 min后,夏至草组自颈静脉缓慢推注夏至草醇提物(5 g/ml,6 g/kg.bw),其它两组以等量生理盐水代替。40 min后,制备肝、肾、心肌、肺组织匀浆,观察组织匀浆自由基指标的变化。结果与对照组相比,模型组肝、肾、心肌、肺组织匀浆MDA含量显著升高,SOD活性降低;夏至草组各器官组织匀浆MDA含量显著低于模型组,SOD活性升高,除心肌组织匀浆SOD活性低于对照组外,其它各指标与对照组均无统计学意义。结论夏至草醇提物能明显减轻Dextran 500致急性微循环障碍大鼠的自由基损伤。     

梗死灶周围心肌C3G蛋白表达增加参与了异丙肾上腺素诱导的梗死后心脏重塑恶化的发病机制

 目的 通过观察梗死灶周围心肌C3G蛋白的表达及异丙肾上腺素(ISO)对其的影响,探讨梗死灶周围心肌C3G蛋白是否参与了异丙肾上腺素诱导的梗死后心脏重塑恶化的发病机制。方法 按Litwin方法建立心肌梗死(心梗)及假手术模型。 术后7天仍存活的雄性SD大鼠分为心梗组,假手术组,心梗ISO组,假手术ISO组。其中,心梗组及假手术组给予生理盐水5ml/kg每三天一次, 腹腔注射,至干预后12周;心梗ISO组及假手术ISO组给予ISO 5mg/kg每三天一次, 腹腔注射,余方法同上。免疫印迹检测梗死灶周围心肌C3G 蛋白的表达。结果 干预后12周, 梗死灶周围心肌C3G蛋白表达积分光密度标化值分别为：心梗组（1.14±0.29, n=8）, 假手术组（0.90±0.10,n=6）, 心梗ISO组（1.51±0.18,n=10 ）, 假手术ISO组（0.97±0.26, n=8）。心梗组较假手术组、 心梗ISO组较假手术ISO组、及心梗ISO组较心梗组梗死灶周围心肌C3G蛋白的表达均显著增高（P＜0.05）。 结论 梗死灶周围心肌C3G蛋白表达显著增加, 而ISO可使C3G蛋白表达更显著增加; C3G蛋白表达增加参与了梗死后心室重塑,缺血性心肌病及心力衰竭的发病机制,且C3G蛋白表达进一步增加参与了ISO诱导的梗死后心室重塑,缺血性心肌病及心力衰竭恶化的发病机制。     

川芎嗪、当归注射液对急性微循环障碍大鼠血小板功能和器官血流量的影响

目的:从微循环、器官血流量和血液流变学角度,探讨川芎嗪、当归注射液对急性微循环障碍的干预作用。方法: 通过颈静脉注射高分子右旋糖酐(Dextran)复制大鼠急性微循环障碍模型,采用肠系膜微循环观察、器官微区血流和血液流变学测定方法,对18只大鼠进行研究。观察川芎嗪、当归注射液对急性微循环障碍转归时器官微区血流量、血小板功能的干预作用。结果:大鼠静脉注射Dextran后,出现了明显的微循环障碍,表现为微血管收缩、微血流变慢和微血栓形成,川芎嗪、当归注射液治疗后,微血流流态积分、微血栓积分、血小板粘附率和聚集率明显低于NS治疗组(p<0．05);川芎嗪、当归和NS组均能改善胃、肠、肝的微区血流量,但前者效果优于NS组(p<0．05)。结论: 川芎嗪、当归注射液通过改善微循环、降低血粘度和抑制血小板聚集和增加器官血流量,干预Dextran所致急性微循环障碍的转归过程。     

急性DIC时皮肤及内脏微循环血流量的变化

健康大耳白兔26只。用激光多普勒血流计测定皮肤与肾脏、肝脏、胃、空肠及结肠表面微循环血流量,随机分为三组:急性DIC组(n=10)、山莨菪碱治疗组(n=10)和对照组(n=6)。以凝血酶(60u/kg)加氨基乙酸(0.4克/kg)静脉输注1小时复制急性DIC模型,实验30、60、120分钟测定上述脏器表面微循环血流量变化。结果急性DIC组皮肤与肾、肝、胃、空肠及结肠微循环血流量在120分钟均较对照组明显降低,三组动物皮肤微循环血流量的变化与上述内脏表面微循环血流量的变化呈高度正相关。结果提示急性DIC时及山莨菪碱治疗后皮肤微循环血流量的动态变化可间接反映肾、肝、胃肠道微循环血流量的变化。     

夏至草醇提物对急性微循环障碍大鼠一氧化氮及其合酶的影响

目的:观察夏至草醇提物对高分子右旋糖苷(Dextran 500)致急性微循环障碍大鼠一氧化氮(NO)及其合酶(NOS)的影响。方法:Wistar雄性大鼠20只,随机分为夏至草组(n=8)、模型组(n=6)和对照组(n=6)。静注10%Dextran500(10ml/kg.bw)复制急性微循环障碍模型(对照组以等量生理盐水代替)。6min后,夏至草组自颈静脉缓慢推注夏至草醇提物(5g/ml,6g/kg.bw),其它两组以等量生理盐水代替。40min后,制备肝、肾、心肌、肺组织匀浆,观察组织匀浆NO含量及NOS活性的变化。结果:模型组肝、肾、心肌、肺组织匀浆NO含量及NOS活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.01);夏至草组各器官组织匀浆NO含量及NOS活性显著低于模型组(P<0.01),除肝匀浆NO含量及心肌匀浆NOS活性高于对照组外,其它各指标与对照组均无统计学差异。结论:夏至草醇提物减轻Dextran 500致急性微循环障碍大鼠器官损伤的机制与降低NO的生成与释放有关。     

糖肾安对早期糖尿病大鼠耳廓及肾脏微循环血流量的影响

目的:应用激光散斑成像(LSI)技术观察中药复方糖肾安煎剂对早期糖尿病(DM)大鼠耳廓及肾脏血流量的影响。方法:30只SD大鼠,采用高糖高脂饮食喂饲4周并一次性腹腔注射小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ,35mg/kg)建立DM大鼠模型,将成模的28只大鼠随机分为DM模型组(n=9)、西药治疗组(胰激肽原酶肠溶片治疗,n=9)和中药治疗组(糖肾安煎剂治疗,n=10),另选10只SD大鼠作为正常对照组。药物治疗8周后,用moor FLPI-2全景激光灌注成像仪监测各组大鼠耳廓及肾脏微循环血流量变化。结果:DM模型组大鼠耳廓及肾脏血流量为133.42±49.58LSPU和297.19±39.43LSPU,正常对照组为70.04±7.28LSPU和239.27±33.27LSPU;中药治疗组为77.11±14.16LSPU和253.6±35.57LSPU,西药治疗组为82.71±14.03LSPU和248.96±39.26LSPU。DM模型组上述检测值均高于正常对照组(P0.01);中药治疗组和西药治疗组上述检测值均显著低于DM模型组(P0.01);中药治疗组、西药治疗组和正常对照组组间血流量差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:糖肾安煎剂能明显减轻早期DM大鼠微循环障碍引起的微血管血流量增加,其效果与胰激肽原酶相当。     

柳胺苄心定对急性心肌梗塞家兔心肌血流量梗死范围及左室功能的影响

本文观察了兼有α_1受体阻断作用的β受体阻断剂柳胺苄心定(labetalol,简称Lab)对急性心肌梗塞家兔心肌血流量(放射性微球法),梗死范围及左室功能的影响,并与心得安比较。结果表明:小剂量Lab(1mg/kg)主要显示β受体阻断效应,它能减慢心率,降低心肌耗氧量,降低非梗死区心肌血流量,缩小梗死范围,其效应与心得安相似,且能改善左室舒缩功能;大剂量Lab(5mg/kg),能同时阻断α_1和β受体,它能降低动脉血压,相对增加各区心肌血流量,显著减少心肌耗氧量,缩小梗死范围。结果提示:在急性心肌梗塞治疗中,同时阻断α_1和β受体较单纯阻断β受体优越。     

大鼠冠状动脉微栓塞模型的建立

目的建立大鼠冠状动脉微栓塞（Coronary Microembolization，CME）模型。方法S-D雄性大鼠随机分为假手术组（S0组），微栓塞组（CME组）；CME组再按微球数目不同分为1000、2000、3000、4000个微球亚组（分别计为CME1、CME2、CME3、CME4组，各组存活大鼠均n=10）；大鼠麻醉后开胸，夹闭升主动脉10s，从左心室注射微栓塞球到达冠状动脉记为CME组，以注射生理盐水为假手术组；分别于术后6h心脏超声检测左室射血分数（LVEF）、HBFP检测心肌微梗死面积和TUNEL检测心肌细胞凋亡卒。结果①与s。组比较，CME，组LVEF下降，但没有统计学意义；与S0组比较，CME2、CME3、CME4组LVEF均显著下降（均P〈0．05）；CME组均出现心肌微梗死灶与心肌细胞凋亡。②不同微栓塞亚组之间比较，LVEF与微栓塞球数目成负相关（γ=0．78，P〈0．05）、心肌微梗死面积和心肌细胞凋亡率均与微栓塞数目成正相关（γ分别为0．85、0．80，均P〈0．05）。③3000个微球是较理想的建立大鼠CME模型所需的微球数日。结论开胸大鼠，从左室注入微栓塞球3000个，可成功建立大鼠CME模型。     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

What will studies of Fulani individuals naturally exposed to malaria teach us about protective immunity to malaria?

There are an estimated over 200 million yearly cases of malaria worldwide. Despite concerted international effort to combat the disease, it still causes approximately half a million deaths every year, the majority of which are young children with Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Successes are largely attributed to malaria prevention strategies, such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying, as well as improved access to existing treatments. One important hurdle to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of malaria is our limited understanding of the biology of Plasmodium infection and its complex interaction with the immune system of its human host. Therefore, the elimination of malaria in Africa not only relies on existing tools to reduce malaria burden, but also requires fundamental research to develop innovative approaches. Here, we summarize our discoveries from investigations of ethnic groups of West Africa who have different susceptibility to malaria.     

The universal muscular chain reaction,muscle spasm,Torsions, ruptures and extravasations. Chameleons of pathology and some manifestations of simple muscular disorders

Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is “panenepidemic” and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes.     

Hypo- und Hypermagnesämie aus kardiologischer Sicht

Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe pathologischer Zustände bedingen Magnesiummangel. Zustände mit Hypermagnesämie sind ebenfalls bekannt, doch wesentlich seltener. Für den Kardiologen beachtenswert ist, daß unter Therapie mit bestimmten Diuretica bei Herzinsuffizienz, bei Herzinfarkt, Kardiomyopathie, Digitalisintoxikation und bestimmten Herzrhythmusstörungen Hypomagnesämie beobachtet wurde. Leider kann in der klinischen Routine nur ein extracelluläres Magnesiumdefizit durch Serumbestimmungen gemessen werden; über Magnesiummangel einzelner Organe kann nichts ausgesagt werden. Hinweise für Magnesiummangel geben aber neben der Messung des Serumspiegels Anamnese, klinischer Befund, bestimmte EKG-Veränderungen wie auch evtl. Hypokalämie, ein Zustand, bei dem sich oft — besonders bei Aldosteronismus — parallele Veränderungen zeigten.Tierexperimente deuten darauf hin, daß infarktähnliche Läsionen unter Magnesiummangel entstehen, doch ob Herzinfarkt beim Menschen durch Magnesiummangel ausgelöst werden kann, ist noch ungeklärt. In Leichenherzen zeigte sich im Infarktgebiet neben Calciumakkumulation signifikanter Magnesiumverlust, wobei unklar blieb, ob sich Ursache oder Folge des Infarktes widerspiegelten. Falls ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang besteht, ist er im Myokardstoffwechsel selbst zu suchen, wie bei der Alkoholkardiomyopathie, wo myokardialer Magnesiummangel zumindest als pathogenetischer Teilfaktor anerkannt wird. Andererseits versucht man aber auch Beziehungen zwischen Atherosklerose, Blutgerinnung und Hypomagnesämie herzustellen, in der Meinung, daß Magnesiummangel auch über den coronaren Pathomechanismus des Herzinfarktes wirken könnte. Sicher scheint, daß gewisse EKG-Veränderungen und Herzrhythmusstörungen durch einen irritierten Magnesiumhaushalt bedingt sein können, da sie bei Gabe bzw. Entzug von Magnesium verschwinden. Daß Magnesiummangel die Glykosidtoleranz verringert, wird tierexperimentell bestätigt. Unter Hypomagnesämie bewirkt Acetylstrophanthidin eher und länger Rhythmusstörungen als ohne, außerdem lassen diese sich durch Magnesiumgaben eliminieren. Da in gewissen Fällen spontane und digitalisinduzierte Herzrythmusstörungen durch Magnesiuminjektionen beseitigt wurden, scheint Magnesium als Therapeuticum angebracht. Einsatz verschiedener Magnesiumsalze bei Angina pectoris, degenerativen Herzerkrankungen und Herzinsuffizienz ohne geprüften und offensichtlich gestörten Magnesiumhaushalt ist fragwürdig, weil keine eindeutigen klinischen Erfolgsbeweise vorliegen. Immerhin mag es aber larvierte, durch Serumbestimmungen nicht erfaßbare Mangelzustände geben. Allgemein erscheint es aus kardiologischer Sicht ratsam, den Magnesiumhaushalt zu überwachen und in entsprechenden Fällen auszugleichen, um möglichen Myokardläsionen oder fatalen Herzrhythmusstörungen entgegenzuwirken.     

Environmental risk factors and their role in the management of atopic dermatitis

Introduction: The etiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) is multifactorial with interaction between genetics, immune and environmental factors.

Areas covered: We review the role of prenatal exposures, irritants and pruritogens, pathogens, climate factors, including temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, outdoor and indoor air pollutants, tobacco smoke exposure, water hardness, urban vs. rural living, diet, breastfeeding, probiotics and prebiotics on AD.

Expert commentary: The increased global prevalence of AD cannot be attributed to genetics alone, suggesting that evolving environmental exposures may trigger and/or flare disease in predisposed individuals. There is a complex interplay between different environmental factors, including individual use of personal care products and exposure to climate, pollution, food and other exogenous factors. Understanding these complex risk factors is crucial to developing targeted interventions to prevent the disease in millions. Moreover, patients require counseling on optimal regimens for minimization of exposure to irritants and pruritogens and other harmful exposures.     

Class II HLA in Georgia Caucasus Tbilisi Georgians and their Mediterranean ancestry: The Usko Mediterranean languages

Georgia (or Sakartvelo in its own language) is a South Caucasus Mts. country with its easternmost part is enigmatically named Iberia, like the Iberian Peninsula, which may refer to rivers “Kura” and “Ebro” or their valleys respectively. Most of their inhabitants speak Georgian which is included within Dene-Caucasian group and Usko-Mediterranean subgroup of languages. The latter includes Basque, Berber, ancient Iberian-Tartessian, Etruscan, Hittite, Minoan Lineal A and others. In the present paper, HLA class II -DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles has been studied and extended haplotypes calculated. Most frequent haplotypes are also of Mediterranean origin (i. e.: (A*02-B*51)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01, (A*02-B*51)-DRB1*13:01-DQB1*06:03, or (A*24-B*35)-DRB1*01:01-DQB1*05:01) and DA genetic distances show that closest world populations to Georgians are Mediterraneans. Georgians also show common extended haplotypes ((A*02-B*51)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01, (A*02-B*13)-DRB1*07:01-DQB1*02:01 and (A*03-B*35)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01) with Svan people, a secluded population in North Georgia mountains. We can conclude that Georgians belong to a very old Mediterranean substratum according to both linguistics (Usko Mediterranean languages) and HLA genetics.     

HLA genes in Amerindians from Mexico San Vicente Tancuayalab Teenek/Huastecos

Huastecos or Teenek Amerindians are presently living at North East Mexico (San Luis Potosi State). They have probably one of the most ancient culture of Mexico and Central America together with Mayas and Olmec groups with which also show close relationships. Proximity to Atlantic Ocean/Mexican Gulf originated that Spaniards had very early contact with them at about 1519 CE or before. In the present paper we have aimed to study HLA gene profile which may be useful for HLA and disease epidemiology and transplant programs in Teeneks. HLA-DRB1*04:07, -DRB1*14:06 and -DRB1*04:11 have been found in high frequency like in other Amerindian groups. High frequency typical Amerindians HLA extended haplotypes have been found, such as A*02-B*35-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02; A*68-B*39-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 and A*02-B*39-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02; also new haplotypes have been described, like A*02-B*52-DRB1*04:11-DQB1*03:02, A*68-B*35-DRB1*14:02-DQB1*03:01 and A*68-B*40-DRB1*16:02-DQB1*03:01. Genetic proximity is observed not only to linguistically close Mayans, but also to Mazatecans, Mixtecans and Zapotecans, who speak an altogether different languages; it shows once more that genes and languages do not correlate. This population was greatly diminished after European contact between 1500 and 1600 years CE; in fact, North and South America First Inhabitants population was brought from 80 down to 8 million people because of diseases (i.e.: measles, smallpox or influenza), slavery and war.     

État de l’art : nouveaux anticoagulants et transfusion

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) are indicated for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation and for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism. As any anticoagulant, they are associated with a bleeding risk. Management of DOAC-induced bleeding is challenging. Idarucizumab, antidote for dabigatran, is currently available and is part of the therapeutic strategy, whereas antidotes for anti-Xa agents are under development. Activated or non-activated prothrombin concentrates are proposed, although their efficacy to reverse DOAC is uncertain. We propose an update on DOAC-associated bleeding management, integrating the availability of idarucizumab and the critical place of DOAC concentration measurements.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.