关节镜下外侧支持带松解内侧髌股韧带重建治疗复发性髌股关节脱位

目的　探讨关节镜辅助下外侧支持带松解联合内侧髌股韧带（medial patellofemoral ligament,MPFL）重建手术治疗复发性髌骨脱位的临床效果。 方法　对我院2012年1月-2015年1月收治的19例复发性髌骨脱位患者,采取关节镜辅助下行外侧支持带松解、内侧髌股韧带重建联合手术。术后定期随访,记录术前和术后影像学结果、Lysholm 膝关节功能综合评分和 Kujala 髌股关节评分,观察重建韧带长度变化。 结果　19例均获随访,时间( 25.7±8. 56) 月（12~48月）,术后无髌骨再脱位及恐惧征,无髌股关节疼痛加重,X线显示Q角在正常范围,膝关节CT（屈膝45°）显示患者髌骨外侧关节面张开角从术前平均（-1.2±6.8)°（-16°~8°）提高至术后(11.2±5.1)°（5°~18°）,较术前有显著性差异（P＜0.01）。术后1年Lysholm 评分及Kujala 髌股关节评分较术前有明显改善。重建韧带长度术后即刻平均为（57.81±6.76）mm,术后1年为（58.36±6.87）mm,无明显松弛。 结论　关节镜辅助下二联手术治疗复发性髌骨脱位,能有效恢复髌股关节位置和功能,预防复发,术后1年韧带无明显松弛,疗效满意。     

髌外侧支持带松解内侧髌股韧带紧缩术治疗习惯性髌骨脱位

目的:探讨外侧支持带松解内侧髌股韧带重建术治疗习惯性髌骨脱位及半脱位的手术方法及临床疗效.方法:经对10例(13膝)经临床检查确诊的髌骨脱位及半脱位患者,在行髌外侧支持带松解内侧髌股韧带紧缩的的基础上,配合胫骨结节内移等手术治疗.手术前后均对患者的膝关节功能进行Lysholm评分.结果:10例患者随访3～15个月(平均9个月),术后膝关节稳定性增加,无髌骨再脱位发生,恐惧试验均为阴性.Lysholm评分术前平均(69.6±3.9),术后平均(94.1±3.7).结论:髌外侧支持带松解内侧髌股韧带紧缩为主的综合术式治疗髌骨脱位能有效减轻症状防止复发,,对维持髌骨的稳定有重要作用.     

臀肌挛缩松解联合髌骨支持带张力重建治疗弹响髋合并膝前痛

目的　探究在治疗臀肌挛缩合并膝前痛病症时恢复髌骨正常轨迹的必要性。 方法　臀肌挛缩症合并膝前疼痛的患者30例,随机分为对照组16例(单纯行关节镜臀肌挛缩松解术)及实验组14例(行关节镜臀肌挛缩松解术联合内侧髌骨支持带紧缩及外侧支持带松解)。观察患者不同术式术后恢复情况,并比较手术前后WOMAC评分、Kujala评分、髌骨和谐角、外侧髌骨角以及并发症等。 结果　术后2组30例均获得随访,平均随访时间14.3个月,切口均愈合良好。WOMAC评分、Kujala评分、髌骨和谐角、外侧髌骨角,对照组与实验组在术前评分均无明显差异(P>0.25)。两组术后1月、3月、6月患者WOMAC评分及髌骨和谐角较前明显降低(P<0.05),Kujala评分及外侧髌骨角较前明显升高(P<0.05)。两组对比,术后1月、3月、6月实验组WOMAC评分、Kujala评分、髌骨和谐角、外侧髌骨角均优于对照组(P<0.05)。 结论　关节镜下臀肌挛缩松解联合髌骨支持带重建较单纯关节镜下臀肌挛缩松解更能缓解长期臀肌挛缩导致的膝前痛等症状,且更好的减少髌骨外侧移位。     

关节镜下内侧支持带重叠缝合联合外侧松解治疗青少年创伤性髌骨脱位的临床研究

目的 探讨膝关节镜下内侧支持带重叠缝合联合外侧支持带松解治疗伴有撕脱性骨折的创伤性髌骨脱位的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2018年5月至2021年5月秦皇岛市第一医院诊治的30例青少年初次创伤性髌骨脱位合并髌骨内侧缘撕脱性骨折的患者,均在关节镜下采用内侧支持带重叠缝合联合外侧支持带松解方法治疗。评估膝关节优良率,术后6个月及1年的Kujala髌股关节评分、Lysholm膝关节评分、IKDC膝关节评分的改善情况,记录术前、术后6个月、术后1年的膝关节活动度、髌骨倾斜角、髌骨适合角及髌骨外移率。结果 ①30例患者术后均恢复良好,髌骨位置解剖复位,术后平均随访时间为12.1个月（10 ～ 18个月）,均无复发性脱位或半脱位发生;②膝关节优良率、Kujala髌股关节评分、Lysholm评分、IKDC评分分别由术前的3.3%、（45.3±2.2）分、（36.8±2.5）分、（53.5±4.9）分提高至术后1年的93.3%、（92.9±2.2）分、（94.8±3.5）分、（98.3±5.0）分,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;③膝关节活动度由术前的（25.3±4.5）°提高至术后1年的（125.4±3.2）°,髌骨倾斜角、髌骨适合角及髌骨外移率分别由术前的（12.5±1.8）°、（19.2±1.9）°、（18.5±2.3）%降至术后1年的（5.6±0.7）°、（6.8±1.0）°、（6.9±0.8）%,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 膝关节镜下内侧支持带重叠缝合联合外侧支持带松解治疗伴有撕脱性骨折的创伤性髌骨脱位安全有效,可获得稳定的髌骨运动轨迹,术后中短期随访影像学指标和临床功能评分满意。     

关节镜辅助下三联法治疗儿童髌骨固定型脱位的疗效观察

目的　探讨关节镜辅助下应用异体韧带悬吊式重建内侧髌股韧带（MPFL）、外侧支持带Y形松解,结合股内侧肌成形治疗儿童髌骨固定型脱位临床疗效。 方法　回顾分析2014年1月至2017年1月收治10例12膝儿童髌骨固定型脱患者资料,男6例8膝,女4例4膝;年龄为4~9岁,平均6.6岁。所有患者均采用关节镜辅助下应用异体韧带悬吊式重建内侧髌股韧带（MPFL）、外侧支持带Y形松解,结合股内侧肌成形治疗儿童髌骨固定型脱位,术后随访根据髌骨稳定度及Kujala 评分评定膝关节功能恢复情况。 结果　10例儿童术后获得6~18个月（平均随访12个月）随访。所有儿童末次随访髌骨稳定度满意,Kujala 评分由术前的（42.12±14.37）分增加到随访时的（95.68±9.42）分,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。 结论　关节镜辅助下应用异体韧带悬吊式重建内侧髌股韧带（MPFL）、外侧支持带Y形松解,结合股内侧肌成形治疗儿童髌骨固定性脱位临床疗效满意,可以有效增加髌骨稳定性,改善膝关节功能,对骨骺不造成损害,是一种有效的治疗儿童髌骨固定型脱位的手术方法。     

关节镜辅助下内侧支持带紧缩缝合术治疗青少年髌骨脱位

目的评价关节镜辅助下内侧支持带紧缩术治疗青少年髌骨脱位的临床疗效。方法选取2010年1月至2016年7月石河子大学第一附属医院收治36例(38膝)青少年髌骨脱位行关节镜辅助下内侧支持带紧缩缝合术的患者,收集患者术前及术后J-sign征和恐惧试验变化及IKDC、Lysholm、Kujala评分。结果与术前相比,术后随访3、6、12个月患者IKDC评分分别提高了35.34%、43.16%和53.71%(P0.01),Lysholm评分提高了74.73%、89.89%和110.9%(P0.01),Kujala评分提高了78.37%、92.62%和117.8%(P0.01),均呈上升趋势,急性髌骨脱位与复发性髌骨脱位患者随访期间各评分变化差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后12个月J-sign试验阳性率较术前降低了52.63%,恐惧试验阳性率较术前降低了57.89%(P0.01)。IKDC膝关节功能主观评分、Lysholm评分及Kujala评分术后明显增加,膝关节活动水平及整体满意度明显增加。结论关节镜辅助下内侧支持带紧缩缝合术治疗青少年髌骨脱位创伤较小,短期疗效确切,术后患者膝关节功能改善明显,手术操作简便,易于掌握。     

Q角测量评估膝关节软组织平衡和骨性手术治疗习惯性髌骨脱位的疗效

背景：手术治疗习惯性髌骨脱位可通过平衡髌骨内外侧软组织,改善Q角,达到纠正髌骨脱位。 目的：探讨Q 角测量评估膝关节软组织平衡和骨性手术治疗习惯性髌骨脱位的疗效。 方法：治疗前常规测量18例习惯性髌骨脱位患者Q角,按Q角分为两组：<16°组,行膝关节外侧关节囊松解、内侧关节囊紧缩;>16°组,行膝关节外侧关节囊松解、内侧关节囊紧缩+髌韧带止点内移或膝关节外侧关节囊松解、内侧关节囊紧缩+髌韧带止点内移和股内外侧肌止点位移。 结果与结论：两组术后Q角明显低于术前,术后膝关节评分明显高于术前(P < 0.001),两组间比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。Q 角测量评估显示平衡膝关节软组织和骨性手术治疗习惯性髌骨脱位具有疗效明确,并发症少,功能恢复好的优点。     

外侧支持带松解联合髌骨韧带重建修复复发性髌骨脱位

背景：关节镜检查能够直接动态观察髌股关节的对合关系,准确了解髌股关节异常是否可以完全纠正。目的：分析关节镜下外侧支持带松解联合髌骨韧带重建对复发性髌骨脱位的临床疗效。方法：复发性髌骨脱位患者共58例,随机将其分为对照组和观察组各29例,对照组患者给予常规手术行外侧支持带松解联合髌骨韧带重建,观察组患者给予关节镜下外侧支持带松解联合髌骨韧带重建。结果与结论：治疗前两组患者的Lysholm评分和Kujala评分的比较,差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05);治疗12个月后两组患者的Lysholm评分和Kujala评分均升高,且观察组升高的更明显(P < 0.05)。治疗前两组患者屈膝30°时的适合角和外侧髌股角CT测量值的比较,差异均无显著性义(P > 0.05);治疗12个月后两组患者的适合角和外侧髌股角CT测量值均降低,且观察组降低的更明显(P < 0.05)。观察组患者的手术时间、临床愈合时间均显著低于对照组,总有效率显著高于对照组(P < 0.05)。结果表明关节镜下外侧支持带松解联合髌骨韧带重建修复复发性髌骨脱位疗效确切。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

关节镜下“三联术”治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的 探讨关节镜辅助下“三联术”治疗复发性髌骨脱位的疗效.方法 2008年4月～2011年9月,应用关节镜辅助下髌股外侧支持带松解、内侧支持带重建、胫骨结节截骨内移抬高术治疗复发性髌骨脱位16例.男4例,女12例;年龄19～43岁,平均22.8岁.初次脱位机制均为外伤,术前平均脱位次数均超过4次.其中左侧7膝,右侧9膝.患者均为向外侧脱位,且脱位后均可手法复位.体格检查恐惧试验阳性,倾斜试验阳性,被动活动受限,膝关节内侧压痛明显.结果 术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合.对16例患者均获得满意随访,随访时间1～2年,平均随访16.7个月.术后3个月内,有3例患者出现髌骨外侧疼痛,5膝出现髌骨内侧紧绷牵拉感,经理疗锻炼后均逐渐消失或好转.随访期间均无髌骨脱位再发生.膝关节术后1年时的Lysholm评分为(95.7±4.2)分,明显高于术前的(63.7±5.3)分,结果有明显的差异性,具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);术后1年Kujala评分为(90.3±2.6)分,也明显高于术前的(61.3±4.3)分,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后1年患膝功能恢复评分采用Insall标准,其中优13膝,良2膝,可1膝,优良率达93.7％.结论 关节镜辅助下“三联术”治疗复发性髌骨脱位的关节创伤小,恢复佳,早期临床效果满意,值得在临床工作中广泛应用.     

关节镜下外侧支持带松解后的髌骨轨迹分析(英文)

背景:外侧支持带松解是治疗髌股关节紊乱症首选的治疗方法,然而有些文献报道部分病例的长期随访结果并不满意。目的:分析关节镜下外侧支持带松解后的髌骨轨迹,以探讨外侧支持带松解后部分病例随访优良率下降的原因。方法:临床采集符合纳入标准的57膝(34例)样本,松解前后分别行10°,20°,30°,40°屈膝位髌股关节CT扫描,测量髌股适合角、髌骨外移角和股骨远端内侧扭转角,比较松解前后髌骨轨迹的变化。结果与结论:通过测量髌股适合角,髌骨外移角发现髌骨轨迹17膝松解后无改善,40膝明显改善。40膝的股骨远端内侧扭转角均大于9°,17膝的股骨远端内侧扭转角均小于9°。说明股骨远端内侧扭转角可能是影响外侧支持带松解后髌骨轨迹的一个重要因素。     

Combined lateral retinacular release with drilling chondroplasty for treatment of patellofemoral osteoarthritis associated with patellar malalignment in elderly patients

This paper described a less invasive surgical technique that was performed for treatment of elderly patients with isolated patellofemoral (PF) osteoarthritis (OA) associated with patellar malalignment, although their tibiofemoral joints are minimally osteoarthritic.Two hundred and thirty-four knees in 126 consecutive elderly patients (average, 72 yrs) diagnosed with combined disorders were treated by lateral retinacular release with drilling chondroplasty. The inclusion criteria were patient age ≥ 65 yrs, isolated stage 2 or 3 PF-OA (modified Iwano staging by radiology), and a laterally subluxed patella shown on a Merchant's axial radiograph. Outcome was judged by three parameters: clinical PF function (modified Kujala scoring), congruence angle, and PF-OA staging. Two hundred and one knees in 107 patients were followed-up for an average of 4.2 yrs (range, 2.1-7.5 yrs) and 19 patients were lost to follow-up. No surgical complications occurred through the course of treatment. Clinical PF function improved in knees that showed unsatisfactory performance (modified Kujala scoring < 32) preoperatively, with 78.1% of the knees showing satisfactory performance (modified Kujala scoring ≥ 32) at the latest follow-up. Congruence angle improved in 85.6% of the knees and PF-OA staging improved in 77.1% of the knees. Combined lateral retinacular release with drilling chondroplasty is a feasible alternative for treatment of PF-OA associated with patellar malalignment in elderly patients where knee arthroplasty cannot be performed by various reasons. Advantages of this combined surgical technique include a less invasive procedure, minimal complication rate, and an acceptable success rate (78%, modified Kujala scoring ≥ 32).     

髌外侧支持带松解加减压：不破坏髌软骨面的修复治疗

背景：髌骨外侧高压综合征常合并有外侧支持带的紧张和影像学上的髌骨倾斜,CT扫描显示,外侧支持带松解能有效地纠正髌骨外侧倾斜。 目的：分析关节镜下髌外侧支持带松解联合关节外髌骨钻孔减压治疗髌骨外侧高压综合征的疗效。 方法：对32例髌骨外侧高压综合征患者行关节镜下髌外侧支持带松解加关节外髌骨钻孔减压,采用Lysholm 膝关节功能评分评价治疗效果。 结果与结论：患者治疗后随访均超过12个月。治疗后1个月所有患者膝关节疼痛明显减轻或消失,1 年后26例疼痛基本消失。Lysholm 评分,优20例,良6例,可4例,差2例,优良率83.6%,患者主观满意率为92.8%。说明关节镜下松解髌外侧支持带加关节外髌骨钻孔减压治疗髌骨外侧高压综合征具有创伤小、康复快等优点,在不破坏髌骨软骨面的情况下进行髌骨减压,对髌股关节疼痛伴有髌骨向外侧倾斜且关节软骨退变较轻的病例,疗效良好。     

Lateral patellar retinaculum reconstruction for medial patellar instability following lateral retinacular release: A case report

Lateral retinacular release is still being performed in patients with recurrent patellar dislocation as an additional procedure with distal realignment or medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction. However, consensus remains lacking regarding suitable indications for lateral retinacular release. A 20-year-old woman presented with patellar instability in both medial and lateral directions after undergoing lateral retinacular release with MPFL reconstruction. She displayed inherent systemic joint laxity meeting all seven Carter–Wilkinson criteria. Simultaneous MPFL revision and lateral retinaculum reconstruction successfully improved patellar instability in both directions. This case provides an example of iatrogenic medial patellar instability after failed lateral retinacular release.     

早期手术治疗急性创伤性髌骨脱位疗效分析

目的探讨早期手术治疗急性创伤性髌骨脱位的效果。方法对22例急性创伤性髌骨脱位患者行关节镜下内侧髌骨股骨韧带（MPFL）修补或重建,同时部分病例行关节镜下髌外侧支持带松解和（或）胫骨结节内移截骨。结果术后平均随访25.5个月,术后所有病例均未出现髌骨再次脱位,无髌骨错动或半脱位。患者主观Kujala评分、Lysholm评分、Tegner运动等级评分与受伤前比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论早期手术治疗急性创伤性髌骨脱位能够明显改善髌骨稳定性,患者的术后主观评分和运动等级均能够达到受伤前水平,对于患者术后膝关节功能和运动水平的恢复有积极的作用。     

Permanent patellar dislocation and osteoarthritis of the knee after femoral fracture in childhood. A case report

A 52 year-old woman suffered bilateral femoral shaft fractures when she was 5 years old and they were treated surgically. She had been able to walk without pain and giving way throughout her young and adult life, however, when she came to us with a 1-year history of the right knee pain, she could walk only 10 m continuously. The right knee revealed valgus deformity with complete lateral patellar dislocation. The femoro-tibial angle was 154 degrees and arthritic change was seen in the femorotibial joint. Surfaces of both the patella and the femur were degraded. Twenty-two degrees of rotational deformity was also found internally in the involved side. Varus osteotomy with external rotation of the distal fragment and lateral retinacular release combined with reefing of vastus medialis muscle were performed. Twenty-four months after surgery, knee score and functional score were, respectively, 85/100 and 71/100, using knee society clinical rating system and there was no pain associating patella incongruity.     

Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction with autologous gracilis tendon: Clinical and radiological outcomes at a mean 6 years of follow up

BackgroundThe medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is considered the primary soft tissue restrain to lateral translation of the patella during the first 15–30 degrees of knee flexion. The primary restraint thereafter is the slope of the lateral wall of the trochlea. A plenty of procedures are described in literature for MPFL reconstruction with different types of graft, angle of knee flexion for fixation and rehabilitation protocols. In this study we used MPFL reconstruction with doubled autologous gracilis tendon with the Schottle’s technique. The aim of our study is to evaluate outcomes at medium-long term follow up of MPFL reconstruction.MethodsPatients who underwent arthroscopic MPFL reconstruction for recurrent patellar dislocation were followed up for a minimum of 2 to 10 years. Patient-reported outcomes including the Kujala, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score were collected preoperatively and postoperatively. Clinical complications such as loss of ROM, recurrent sub-luxation or dislocation were recorded.ResultsA total of 38 patients with recurrent patellar dislocation were treated with MPFL reconstruction and data were available for final follow up (mean 72.3 months, SD 33.6). Mean age at time of surgery was 23.4 (SD 7.8). Mean number of dislocations before surgery was 7.1 (SD 10.5). Recurrent dislocations were not observed in any of the patients treated at last follow-up. Significant clinical improvements were also noted with Kujala and VAS score. Patellar tilt angle decreased significantly from pre to post-operative.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that MPFL reconstruction with patellar suture anchors fixation using autologous gracilis tendon is an effective, safe and reliable method for treating recurrent patellar dislocation.     

内侧髌股韧带重建治疗复发性髌骨脱位疗效观察

目的探讨内侧髌股韧带重建治疗复发性髌骨脱位的临床效果。方法回顾性分析湖北省荆州市中心医院2017年1月至2019年6月通过关节镜辅助下内侧髌股韧带双束重建治疗的29例复发性髌骨脱位患者的临床资料。其中,男10例,女19例,年龄14.0~29.5岁,平均19.4岁。测量TT-TG距离、髌骨倾斜角,计算Caton指数。术前、术后通过Kujala、Lysholm评分评价膝关节功能。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间12~36个月,术前TT-TG距离均小于20 mm、髌骨倾斜角小于20°,Caton指数0.9~1.1。所有患者术后均未见脱位复发,术前术后Kujala评分分别为(51.32±5.52)分、(82.45±3.38)分;术前、术后Lysholm评分分别为(53.25±5.85)分、(89.65±4.75)分;术前、术后髌骨倾斜角为13.15°±1.67°,6.94°±1.47°。差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论关节镜辅助下内侧髌股韧带双束重建治疗无严重骨性异常的复发性髌骨脱位,操作简单,疗效确切,并发症少,近期随访无复发,可以显著提高膝关节功能。     

Severe valgus deformity of the knee with permanent patellar dislocation associated with melorheostosis: A case report and review of the literature

We present a case of an 8-year-old boy diagnosed with melorheostosis who was suffering from severe genu valgum, permanent dislocation of the patella, knee flexion contracture and leg length shortening. Soft tissue contracture of the limb and subsequent joint deformities were reported to represent clinical manifestations of pediatric melorheostosis. As the epiphyseal plate had not closed, patellar reduction was achieved by soft tissue surgical stabilization, including lateral retinacular release, medial retinaculum plication, and transfer of the lateral half of the patellar tendon. At 4 years postoperatively, as a result of improved limb alignment and knee flexion contracture, the leg length shortening has improved, and the patient does not limp and participates in sports activities. Surgical intervention should be performed as early as possible, because genu valgum and external rotation of the tibia may deteriorate with age, rendering the patellar dislocation irreversible in patients with melorheostosis before epiphyseal closure.     

Lateral retinacular release in concordance with medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in patients with recurrent patellar instability: A computational model

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to develop and validate a finite element (FE) model of the patellofemoral joint to analyze the biomechanics of lateral retinacular release after medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction in patellar malalignment (increased tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance (TT-TG)). We hypothesized that lateral retinacular release is not appropriate in patellar instability addressed by MPFL reconstruction due to decreased lateral stability and inappropriate adjustment in patellofemoral contact pressures.MethodsA FE in-silico model of the patellofemoral joint was developed and validated. The model was used analyze the effect of lateral retinacular release in association with MPFL reconstruction on patellofemoral contact pressures, contact area, and lateral patellar displacement during knee flexion.ResultsMPFL reconstruction alone results in restoration of patellofemoral contact pressures throughout the entire range of motion (0–90°), mimicking the results from healthy condition. The addition of the lateral retinacular release to the MPFL reconstruction resulted in significant reductions in both patellofemoral contact pressure and contact area. Lateral retinacular release resulted in more lateral patellar displacement during the mid-flexion knee range of motion.ConclusionsCombination of lateral retinacular release with MPFL reconstruction in patients with increased TT-TG is not recommended as MPFL reconstruction alone for first-line management of recurrent patellar instability offers a greater biomechanical advantage and restoration of contact forces to resemble that of the healthy knee. The presented biomechanical data outlines the effect of concomitant MPFL reconstruction and lateral retinacular release to help guide surgical planning for patients with recurrent patellar instability due to malalignment.