鞘内给予氯胺酮通过抑制星形胶质细胞内STAT3的磷酸化改善大鼠神经病理性痛的研究

目的:观察神经病理性痛大鼠鞘内给予氯胺酮对于脊髓背角星形胶质细胞内信号转导和转录活化因子3(STAT3)磷酸化水平的影响。方法:采用L5脊神经结扎(SNL)方法制作慢性神经病理性痛模型,利用机械刺激法和热板法连续观察造模后大鼠的痛行为变化;应用免疫组织化学染色和Western Blot方法观察大鼠腰膨大节段胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)和磷酸化STAT3(pSTAT3)的表达水平。结果:SNL模型大鼠机械性痛阈和热痛阈均明显降低,且术后一周内均保持在较低的水平(P0.01),从术后第3 d起鞘内连续给予氯胺酮至第7 d能够明显缓解大鼠患侧后爪的机械性痛敏和热痛敏。免疫荧光组织化学染色显示:pSTAT3在星形胶质细胞上有表达,且SNL后pSTAT3与GFAP在脊髓背角的表达均升高。Western Blot结果显示:与对照组相比,SNL后第7 d脊髓背角的pSTAT3的表达明显上调(P0.05),从术后第3 d鞘内连续给予氯胺酮至第7 d能够明显下调STAT3的磷酸化水平。结论:鞘内给予氯胺酮能够明显下调脊髓背角星形胶质细胞内STAT3的磷酸化水平从而达到缓解疼痛的目的。     

氟代柠檬酸对神经病理性疼痛镜像痛大鼠行为学及星形胶质细胞激活的影响

目的:探讨氟代柠檬酸(FC)对神经病理性疼痛镜像痛的镇痛作用。方法:制备大鼠脊神经选择性结扎(SNL)镜像痛模型,随机分为实验组和对照组;实验组神经鞘内注射FC;对照组注射等剂量生理盐水;于术前1 d,术后1、12、24、48h测定大鼠的机械痛阈和热痛阈;测定完毕后处死大鼠,取第4~5腰椎(L4~L5)脊髓,进行免疫组织化学检测胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)的表达,并计算平均荧光强度。结果:注射FC后,实验组大鼠镜像侧机械痛阈和热痛阈12 h后较术前1 d和对照组相比明显升高,免疫组织化学检测显示实验组镜像侧GFAP表达较对照组明显降低,平均荧光强度与对照组相比较差异具有统计学意义。结论:FC对神经病理性疼痛镜像痛具有一定镇痛作用,可能与抑制星形胶质细胞的激活有关。     

大鼠腰骶髓和延髓星形胶质细胞及神经元对慢性结肠炎的反应

目的探讨大鼠腰骶髓和延髓星形胶质细胞及神经元对慢性结肠炎的反应,及反应性星形胶质细胞和反应性神经元之间的关系.方法成年雄性SD大鼠,实验组（n=17）给予三硝基苯磺酸（TNBS）灌肠诱导结肠炎;对照组（n=16）给予生理盐水灌肠.免疫组织化学法显示大鼠腰骶髓和延髓内胶质原纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）阳性星形胶质细胞和Fos阳性神经元.结果TNBS灌肠后,GFAP阳性星形胶质细胞主要分布在脊髓背角浅层（Ⅰ～Ⅱ层）、中间外侧核（Ⅴ层）、后连合核（Ⅹ层）和腹角外侧核（Ⅸ层）.Fos阳性神经元集中分布在背角深层（Ⅲ～Ⅳ,Ⅴ～Ⅵ层）.在延髓,两者均主要分布在由孤束核、中间网状带和腹外侧区组成的延髓内脏带（MVZ）.TNBS灌肠后3、7、14 d,脊髓中GFAP阳性细胞密度明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）.TNBS灌肠后3 d,延髓中GFAP阳性细胞密度明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）.TNBS灌肠后28 d,脊髓和延髓中GFAP阳性细胞密度下降,与对照组无显著性差异（P＞0.05）.结论结肠炎性刺激引起脊髓和延髓中星形胶质细胞激活.随着结肠炎的恢复,星形胶质细胞的反应性下降.在延髓内脏带,反应性星形胶质细胞与反应性神经元关系密切.     

内源性大麻素含量升高可激活脊髓背角星形胶质细胞并导致机械性触诱发痛

目的:观察丁高大鼠鞘内大麻素水平后实验动物的疼痛行为学变化及脊髓背角星形胶质细胞的激活状态,探讨内源性大麻素参与触诱发痛的可能机制。方法:成功建立大鼠鞘内置管模型后,分别鞘内注射外源性大麻素2-AG、大麻素受体激动剂CP55940、大麻素水解酶抑制剂JZL195。使用Von-frey纤维丝观察给药后不同时间点大鼠机械性缩足反射阈值的变化,运用共聚焦显影观察脊髓背角星形胶质细胞的激活状态。结果:(1)鞘内注射2-AG、CP55940、JZLl95后1 d即产生明显的触诱发痛(P0.01)并至少持续到给药后第21 d(P0.001);(2)鞘内注射2-AG、CP55940和JZLl95后第5 d即有明显的星形胶质细胞激活(P0.01),并可持续到给药后第21 d(P0.01)。结论:升高鞘内大麻素水平可能通过激活星形胶质细胞导致触诱发痛。     

脊髓背角星形胶质细胞内PAPR-1/TNF-α通路参与脊神经结扎模型大鼠神经病理性痛的机制研究

目的观察PAPR-1/TNF-α信号通路在脊神经结扎模型大鼠脊髓背角星形胶质细胞内的表达情况,并探究其与神经病理性痛的发生发展关系。方法将大鼠第5腰神经(L5)进行结扎构建慢性神经病理性痛模型,Von-Frey细丝检测各组大鼠的机械性痛阈值,免疫组织化学染色和Western blot技术半定量和定量分析脊髓背角内PAPR-1和TNF-α的表达情况。结果与正常组相比,假手术组大鼠疼痛阈值未见显著改变(P0.05),脊神经结扎后大鼠的术侧后足的疼痛阈值显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),且在术后2周内,疼痛阈值均保持在较低水平。免疫荧光组织化学染色结果显示,PAPR-1和TNF-α主要表达于脊髓背角内星形胶质细胞中,Western blot结果进一步显示,造模后大鼠脊髓背角内GFAP、PAPR-1及TNF-α水平显著高于正常组和假手术组(P0.05)。结论 PAPR-1/TNF-α信号通路主要表达于脊髓背角内星形胶质细胞中,且在慢性神经病理性痛的维持阶段保持较高表达水平,可能参与了慢性痛的发生和发展,临床治疗中具有一定的理论参考意义。     

大鼠脊髓损伤后星形胶质细胞特异性表达Gc的研究

用免疫组织化学方法观察了脊髓的星形胶质细胞在损伤后出现的抗原性改变并对其改变的意义进行了探讨。实验选用Wistar大鼠 2 0只。实验组 10只 ,对脊髓 T1 0 节段进行完全横断 ;对照组 10只 ,只进行 T1 0 椎板切除术 ,不损伤脊髓。在术后第 1、3、5、7、14 d分别对 2 0只大鼠灌流固定 ,并取出 3 cm长手术段脊髓。用 anti-Galactocerebrosides( anti-Gc)和 anti-glial fibrillaryacidic protein( anti-GFAP)抗体对脊髓进行标记。结果表明 :脊髓损伤后第 7d,增生肥大的星形胶质细胞可以同时被 anti-GF AP和 anti-Gc标记 (荧光双标 )。此抗原表型改变至术后 14 d依然显现。被双标的星形胶质细胞在形态上与成熟的正常胶质细胞基本相同 ,而少突胶质细胞只为 anti-Gc单独标记。对照组脊髓星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞只为 anti-GFAP、anti-Gc分别标记。本实验结果提示 :大鼠脊髓受损后 ,星形胶质细胞出现 GFAP和 Gc二种抗原表型。此结果首次表明成熟哺乳动物脊髓损伤后星形胶质细胞也可出现类似少突胶质细胞特异性抗原抗体改变。这可能是星形胶质细胞对脊髓创伤的一种特异性反应。这种变化可为探索脊髓损伤区域微环境的变化对脊髓损伤修复的影响提供新的线索     

苯丙胺对大鼠学习能力和海马结构GFAP阳性细胞结构的影响

目的观察苯丙胺对大鼠学习能力、GFAP免疫阳性细胞结构和亚细胞结构的影响。方法苯丙胺腹腔注射SD大鼠,用水迷宫检测其空间辨别性学习能力,用免疫组织化学方法观察海马结构胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)免疫阳性细胞的形态变化;用电镜方法检测GFAP免疫阳性细胞超微结构变化。结果学习能力检测发现,在14d以前,苯丙胺组大鼠较生理盐水组的平均运行时间和平均潜伏期缩短(P0.05);在15～28d,苯丙胺组大鼠较生理盐水组正确率降低(P0.05);在29～42d,苯丙胺组大鼠较生理盐水组正确率降低、平均运行时间延长(P0.05)。GFAP阳性细胞形态学观察发现,正常对照组大鼠海马结构星形胶质细胞主要分布在海马以及齿状回的多形层和分子层;生理盐水组大鼠海马结构星形胶质细胞分布与游水组相似,但细胞突起变长及增粗,分支增多,且各亚区比正常对照组相应亚区的星形胶质细胞数量增多(P0.05);苯丙胺组大鼠海马星形胶质细胞分布与正常对照组相似,但细胞突起变长、增粗和分支增多更明显,各亚区的星形胶质细胞比正常对照组和生理盐水组相应亚区增多(P0.05);电镜观察发现苯丙胺组大鼠脑内星形胶质细胞增生肥大,亦可见退变星形胶质细胞。结论在本实验条件下,苯丙胺导致大鼠空间辨别性学习记忆能力下降,引起大鼠海马结构星形胶质细胞增生和损害。     

成年大鼠脊髓完全性横断后星形胶质细胞的时空分布及其变化

本研究以成年大鼠脊髓完全性横断模型研究反应性胶质细胞的时空分布和变化。将30只成年Wistar大鼠随机分为5组:正常对照组,T9横断伤1周、2周、4周和8周组,每组6只。利用免疫组织化学方法及图像分析系统对各组动物脊髓内星形胶质细胞的时空分布和变化进行观察和分析。结果显示:脊髓横断组胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)阳性的星形胶质细胞数目较正常对照组明显增加(P<0.05);距损伤近侧端较距损伤远侧端的GFAP阳性星形胶质细胞数目增加显著(P<0.05);脊髓横断组髓磷脂碱性蛋白(MBP)阳性的少突胶质细胞数目的时间及空间分布与正常对照组相比无统计学差异(P>0.05)。实验结果提示,星形胶质细胞是胶质瘢痕的主要成分,而少突胶质细胞在瘢痕形成过程中并非是反应活跃的成分。     

次声激活小胶质细胞抑制成年大鼠海马神经干细胞增殖

目的:探讨次声对成年大鼠海马齿状回颗粒细胞下层(subgranular zone,SGZ)神经干细胞增殖抑制作用的细胞学机制。方法:成年雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠置于次声压力舱,连续暴露于16 Hz、130 dB次声7 d(2h/d)后,给与小胶质细胞抑制剂米诺环素(50 mg/kg,药物组,n=16)或等体积生理盐水(对照组,n=16),同时设立不经次声作用的正常对照组(n=16);分别于1、3、7和14 d处死大鼠,利用免疫组织化学法以Iba1、OX42标记小胶质细胞,BrdU标记增殖的神经干细胞。结果:小胶质细胞在SGZ区分布较为密集;与正常对照组相比,次声暴露后3 d时OX42免疫反应性明显增强、SGZ区BrdU阳性细胞数目减少最为明显(P0.01);米诺环素可显著改善次声暴露后BrdU阳性细胞数目的减少(P0.01)。结论:小胶质细胞活化参与次声抑制成年大鼠海马SGZ区神经干细胞的增殖。     

糖尿病模型大鼠海马区星形胶质细胞活化与凋亡的观察

目的:探讨糖尿病高血糖状态对于大鼠海马星形胶质细胞的影响。方法:应用链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导Ⅰ型糖尿病SD大鼠模型,分为糖尿病模型1、2、3、4周和5周组(DM1,DM2,DM3,DM4,DM5),同周龄SD大鼠作为对照组。采用免疫荧光、免疫组化和Western Blot等技术,对比观察糖尿病大鼠海马区星形胶质细胞的形态、caspase-3和GFAP的表达情况。结果:免疫荧光和免疫组化检测结果显示:DM1和DM2大鼠海马区星形胶质细胞的胞体增大,突起增粗;DM3和DM4大鼠海马内星形胶质细胞的突起增粗、变长,其数量明显多于正常对照组(P0.05);而DM5大鼠海马内星形胶质细胞的突起僵硬,细胞数量有所减少,但仍高于正常对照组(P0.05)。Western Blot结果显示:DM3,DM4,DM5大鼠海马区GFAP含量明显高于对照组和DM1,DM2(P0.05)。caspase-3/GFAP免疫组化双标结果显示:DM1和DM2大鼠海马区偶见caspase-3阳性标记的星形胶质细胞;而DM3,DM4,DM5大鼠海马区caspase-3/GFAP双标细胞数明显多于正常对照组(P0.05);其中DM5双标阳性细胞数明显多于DM3和DM4(P0.05)。结论:糖尿病高血糖早期可激活星形胶质细胞,持续性糖尿病高血糖可诱导海马区星形胶质细胞活化的抑制,并引起星形胶质细胞凋亡。     

坐骨神经选择性损伤痛模型小鼠脊髓背角线粒体解偶连蛋白UCP4的表达变化

目的:观察线粒体保护蛋白解偶联蛋白4(uncoupling protein 4,UCP4)在坐骨神经选择性损伤(sparednerve injury,SNI)模型小鼠脊髓背角中的表达变化。方法:健康C57BL/6小鼠分为假手术对照组(n=21)和坐骨神经分支选择性损伤SNI组(n=21),实验组损伤后饲养3,7,14 d。行为学采用测定小鼠热痛阈和Von Frey机械性痛阈;用免疫荧光组织化学染色法检测对比小鼠脊髓L3-6节段背角内UCP4免疫阳性细胞的数量。结果:SNI术后3 d,小鼠手术侧热痛阈和机械性痛阈明显低于假手术组,术后14 d达最低值。UCP4分布于正常小鼠脊髓背角,SNI后3 d损伤组小鼠脊髓背角中的UCP4表达降低,图像分析表明UCP4的光密度与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);脊髓背角中UCP4的表达在14 d时其降低程度最明显,图像分析表明光密度与对照组、3d和7 d比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:SNI后脊髓背角线粒体保护蛋白UCP4表达降低可能参与神经病理性疼痛的中枢敏化过程。     

GDF10在神经病理性疼痛大鼠脊髓中的表达

目的:观察生长和分化因子10(GDF10)在神经病理性疼痛大鼠脊髓中的表达变化。方法:取雄性SD大鼠60只,通过结扎左侧L5脊神经制备神经病理性疼痛模型,于术前1 d,术后当天及术后1 d、3 d、10 d、21d检测大鼠左后爪50%缩爪阈值,并采用免疫荧光染色及Western blot检测大鼠L5脊髓后角GDF10的表达变化。结果:脊神经结扎大鼠在术后1 d缩爪阈值开始降低,自3 d起,与正常对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05),到10 d阈值下降最明显,至21 d呈现持平状态。免疫荧光检测观察到伤侧L5脊髓组织中GDF10主要表达于脊髓背角神经元细胞的胞浆内。GDF10在术后持续降低,到10 d降低最为显著,与正常组相比差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),一直持续低水平表达至21 d。Western blot证实术后10 d脊髓中GDF10蛋白的表达较正常组大鼠明显降低(P0.05)。结论:大鼠脊神经结扎使脊髓背角中GDF10表达减少,其减少可能与大鼠脊神经损伤后对机械刺激引起的疼痛过敏有关联。     

Periaqueductal gray stimulation suppresses spontaneous pain behavior in rats

Methods for evaluating analgesic effect for spontaneous pain are increasingly important because it is reported by most patients with neuropathic pain. The present study assessed the analgesic effects of periaqueductal gray (PAG) stimulation in the spared nerve injury (SNI) model of neuropathic pain of the rat. Spontaneous rapid paw withdrawal movements were used as the index of spontaneous pain. Deep-brain stimulation in the PAG was performed in rats 3 weeks after SNI. Significant analgesic effects on spontaneous pain behavior were observed at the same stimulation parameter that reversed the reduced mechanical threshold of the von Frey test. Both analgesic effects lasted 30-40min beyond the 3min stimulation period. In summary, PAG stimulation was effective in alleviating spontaneous pain and mechanical allodynia in the SNI rat. The frequency of spontaneous paw lifting, a behavioral index of spontaneous pain used in this study, will be useful for future testing of therapeutic methods.     

Involvement of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in development and maintenance of neuropathic pain from spinal nerve injury model of rat

Recently, it has been suggested that uninjured primary sensory neurons contribute to neuropathic pain induced by peripheral nerve injury. However, there is lack of evidences of roles of normal pain transmitting substances such as substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in neuropathic pain. Whether substance P and CGRP have a role in spinal nerve-injured neuropathic pain model was tested. Male rats were subjected to L5 and L6 spinal nerve transection (SNT), and mechanical hyperalgesia was evaluated by measuring paw withdrawal threshold (PWT). SNT induced a persistent PWT decrease, a sign of neuropathic pain. Lidocaine was soaked on spinal nerves or intrathecally injected 10 min before SNT to block neuronal discharges caused by the injury, and L703,606 (NK1 receptor antagonist) and CGRP8-37 (CGRP receptor antagonist) were intrathecally injected into the rats to block actions of substance P and CGRP released from central nerve terminals in the spinal cord by injury discharges. The treatments with lidocaine, L703,606 and CGRP8-37 delayed the onset of neuropathic pain by 1-4 days, compared with the saline-treated rats. After neuropathic pain was established, intrathecal injections of L703,606 and CGRP8-37 significantly mitigated mechanical hyperalgesia for 20 min. These results suggest that substance P and CGRP are involved in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain and that these peptides from the central terminals of intact sensory neurons contribute to the maintenance of peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain.     

The effect of intrathecal gabapentin on mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in neuropathic rats induced by spinal nerve ligation

Gabapentin decreases the level of glutamate and elevates that of alpha-amino-butyric acid in the central nervous system. Gabapentin was shown to have antinociceptive effects in several facilitated pain models. Intrathecal gabapentin was also known to be effective in reducing mechanical allodynia in animals with neuropathic pain. In this study, we investigated to see whether intrathecal gabapentin produces antihyperalgesic effects on thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in neuropathic rats and whether its effects are associated with motor impairment. To induce neuropathic pain in Sprague-Dawley rats, left L5 and L6 spinal nerves were ligated. After a week, lumbar catheterization into subarachnoid space was performed. Then, paw withdrawal times to thermal stimuli and vocalization thresholds to paw pressure were determined before and up to 2 hr after intrathecal injection of gabapentin. Also, motor functions including performance times on rota-rod were determined. Intrathecal gabapentin attenuated significantly thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in neuropathic rats, but did not block thermal and mechanical nociception in sham-operated rats. Intrathecal gabapentin of antihyperalgesic doses inhibited motor coordination performance without evident ambulatory dysfunction. This study demonstrates that intrathecal gabapentin is effective against thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia, in spite of moderate impairment of motor coordination.     

白藜芦醇缓解完全弗氏佐剂所致小鼠炎性痛的NF-κB信号通路机制

目的:探讨白藜芦醇抗小鼠炎性痛的核因子κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)信号通路机制。方法:将60只BALB/c小鼠随机分为正常对照组、炎性痛模型组、阳性对照(地塞米松,0.5 mg/kg)组及白藜芦醇(100、50和25 mg/kg)组,每组10只。通过测定小鼠机械刺激缩足反射阈值、热刺激缩足反应潜伏期及冷缩足反射次数,观察白藜芦醇是否具有缓解小鼠炎性痛的作用。采用RT-PCR和Western blot法检测炎性痛小鼠脊髓组织(L4~L6)NF-κB、NF-κB抑制蛋白α(inhibitor of NF-κBα,IκBα)、NF-κB抑制蛋白激酶β(inhibitor of NF-κB kinaseβ,IKKβ)、肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)及白细胞介素1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)的mRNA和蛋白表达水平的影响。结果:白藜芦醇(100和50 mg/kg)可明显升高完全弗氏佐剂(complete Freund’s adjuvant,CFA)所致炎性痛小鼠机械刺激缩足反射阈值,显著延长其热刺激缩足反应潜伏期,减少其冷缩足反射次数(P0.05或P0.01);白藜芦醇(100 mg/kg)可明显下调CFA诱导的炎性痛小鼠脊髓组织NF-κB、IκBα、IKKβ、TNF-α及IL-1β的mRNA和蛋白表达水平(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:白藜芦醇对炎性痛具有较好的缓解作用,其机制可能与抑制NF-κB信号通路有关。     

Response properties of neurons in the rostroventromedial medulla of neuropathic rats: attempted modulation of responses by [1DMe]NPYF, a neuropeptide FF analogue.

We determined whether chronic neuropathy changes response properties of neurons in the rostroventromedial medulla of rats, and whether (d-Tyr)L(Me-Phe)QPQRF-amide, a neuropeptide FF analogue, in the periaqueductal gray produces changes in responses of rostroventromedial medullary neurons that might underlie its antiallodynic effect described earlier. Single unit recordings of medullary neurons were performed in lightly anesthetized neuropathic and control animals. Spontaneous activity and the responses to noxious thermal and mechanical stimulation of the hind paw were determined with and without administration of (d-Tyr)L(Me-Phe)QPQRF-amide. The neurons were classified into three groups: ON-neurons increased, OFF-neurons decreased, and NEUTRAL-neurons did not change their discharge rate prior to a limb withdrawal induced by noxious stimulation of the skin. Spontaneous activity and heat-evoked responses of ON-neurons were not different between neuropathic and control animals, whereas their mechanically evoked responses were reduced in neuropathy. Response properties of OFF-neurons were not different between neuropathic and control animals. Spontaneous activity of NEUTRAL-neurons was not different between neuropathic and control animals. (d-Tyr)L(Me-Phe)QPQRF-amide in the periaqueductal gray had no significant effect on evoked responses or spontaneous activity of ON- or OFF-neurons, independent of the experimental group. However, (d-Tyr)L(Me-Phe)QPQRF-amide produced a significant attenuation of spontaneous activity of NEUTRAL-neurons in neuropathic animals. In a behavioral study performed in unanesthetized animals it was found that intrathecal administration of methysergide, a serotonin antagonist, selectively attenuated neuropathic symptoms. Also, light pentobarbitone anesthesia markedly attenuated, but did not abolish, behaviorally determined neuropathic symptoms. From these results we suggest that NEUTRAL-neurons of the rostroventromedial medulla may have a role in neuropathy and they may be involved in attenuation of mechanical hypersensitivity by (d-Tyr)L(Me-Phe)QPQRF-amide in the periaqueductal gray. It is proposed that in neuropathy the synaptic effects of descending impulses from medullary NEUTRAL-neurons on their axonal targets in the spinal cord are changed so that this contributes to mechanical hypersensitivity, due to mechanisms that are at least partly serotoninergic.     

Sympathectomy alleviates mechanical allodynia in an experimental animal model for neuropathy in the rat.

We attempted to determine the effects of surgical sympathectomy on an animal model for neuropathic pain. The L5 and L6 spinal nerves on one side were tightly ligated in anesthetized rats. Mechanical sensitivity of the affected hind paw was significantly elevated from the first day after the surgery as evidenced by the increased occurrence of foot withdrawal to innocuous mechanical stimulation applied with von Frey filaments to the hind paw. The increased mechanical sensitivity continued for three weeks, at which time surgical sympathectomy was performed by removing the L2-L6 sympathetic chain. The sympathectomy produced an immediate and almost complete reversal of the increased mechanical sensitivity, whereas sham sympathectomy had no effect. The data suggest that sympathectomy alleviates mechanical allodynia in this experimental animal model.     

坐骨神经损伤大鼠模型鞘内移植神经干细胞后脊髓背角和背根神经节脑源性神经营养因子的表达

背景：坐骨神经损伤模型可测试伤害性的热刺激和机械刺激所引发的痛觉过敏及冷、触觉异常。 目的：观察坐骨神经损伤模型大鼠鞘内移植神经干细胞后脊髓背角和背根神经节脑源性神经营养因子的表达。 方法：72只SD大鼠随机均分为假手术组、对照组和实验组。对照组和实验组制作坐骨神经损伤模型,假手术组仅暴露坐骨神经,不结扎。分别于造模后第3,10天进行鞘内移植,实验组注入30 μL的神经干细胞悬液,空白组和对照组注入30 μL的细胞培养液。 结果与结论：与假手术组相比,对照组和实验组移植后3 d机械痛阈和热痛阈逐渐降低,至移植后7 d降低至最低点(P < 0.01),于移植后21 d恢复至移植前水平;实验组移植后7,14 d机械痛阈和热痛阈较对照组明显上升(P < 0.01)。与对照组相比,假手术组移植后7,14,21 d各组大鼠脑源性神经营养因子的表达呈低水平(P < 0.05);移植后14,21 d,实验组脑源性神经营养因子的表达量高于对照组(P < 0.05)。提示鞘内移植神经干细胞可提高脊髓背角和背根神经节中脑源性神经营养因子的表达。从而抑制了周围神经损伤产生的神经病理性疼痛。 关键词：脑源性神经营养因子;神经干细胞;慢性限制损伤;脊髓背角;背根神经节 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.10.031     

Effects of infrasound on the Rota-Rod Treadmill performance of rats

Summary The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of infrasound on behavioral performance in rats. The rats were divided into two groups, one selected for good performance (six rats: superior group) and the other for poor performance (six rats: inferior group) on the Rota-Rod Treadmill.Exposure conditions were as follows:Exp. 1 Control (150 min), Exp. 2 Exposure to infrasound with a main frequency of 16 Hz and a sound pressure level of 105 dB (S.P.L.) (70 min), Exp. 3 Exposure to infrasound with a main frequency of 16 Hz and a sound pressure level of 95 dB (S.P.L.) (70 min), Exp. 4 Exposure to infrasound with a main frequency of 16 Hz and a sound pressure level of 85 dB (S.P.L.) (150 min), Exp. 5 Exposure to infrasound with a main frequency of 16 Hz and a sound pressure level of 75 dB (S.P.L.) (150 min), Exp. 6 Exposure to Pink Noise of 72 dB (A) (70 min).Comparison of the pre-exposure endurance time (Maximum: 2 min) on the Rota-Rod Treadmill with endurance after exposure to infrasound showed that the endurance time of the superior group after exposure to 16 Hz, 105 dB was not reduced. The endurance of the inferior group was reduced by exposure to 16 Hz, 105 dB after 10 min, to 16 Hz, 95 dB after 70 min, and to 16 Hz, 85 dB after 150 min.