轮状病毒VP4抗原表位在VP6载体蛋白同一位点表达比较研究

目的:评价轮状病毒(RV)VP4两个抗原表位插入VP6载体蛋白同一位点所表达的重组嵌合蛋白免疫学性质及在研制嵌合蛋白疫苗中的意义。方法:采用分子克隆和基因重组技术将RV VP4的两个抗原表位插入到VP6载体蛋白同一位点上,构建重组抗原表达质粒,表达携带不同抗原表位的重组嵌合蛋白,用Western blot和中和试验分析重组嵌合蛋白的抗原反应性和免疫原性。结果:成功构建了两个嵌合蛋白表达质粒,并在大肠杆菌中高效表达;表达的嵌合蛋白可与相应抗体特异性反应;可诱导豚鼠产生特异性血清抗体;抗嵌合蛋白血清抗体可特异性识别载体蛋白VP6F,Wa株病毒的VP6和VP4蛋白,可中和Wa株病毒在MA104细胞上的感染性;结果表明,所构建和表达的两个以VP6为载体的VP4抗原表位嵌合蛋白具有较高抗原反应性和免疫原性;嵌合蛋白携带的VP4抗原表位具有增强载体蛋白免疫原性作用;为研制新型RV重组蛋白疫苗的奠定了较好的基础。     

研究报告Ⅱ型脊灰病毒抗原表位嵌合蛋白的免疫学研究

目的：评价以轮状病毒（RV）重组VP6蛋白为载体插入Ⅱ型脊髓灰质炎病毒（PV2）VP1蛋白上的1个抗原表位构建而成的嵌合蛋白的体外免疫学性质。 方法：采用分子克隆和基因重组技术将PV2抗原表位插入到RV载体蛋白上,在大肠杆菌中表达并用SDS-PAGE确认表达产物,再通过动物免疫、Western blot、免疫荧光和病毒血清抗体中和试验分析嵌合蛋白的免疫学性质。结果：成功构建了以VP6为载体的PV2抗原表位嵌合蛋白6F/PV₂N₁,并且在E.coli系统中高效表达,嵌合蛋白免疫的豚鼠血清抗体对RV和PV2具备较好的中和活性。结论：以RV VP6为载体构建的嵌合蛋白具有较好的免疫原性,免疫豚鼠产生血清抗体可中和RV和PV2在体外细胞上的感染;进一步为研发RV/PV2嵌合疫苗提供了较好的基础。     

Ⅲ型脊髓灰质炎病毒抗原表位嵌合蛋白的免疫学研究

目的:对以轮状病毒(RV)重组VP6蛋白为载体插入Ⅲ型脊髓灰质炎病毒(PV3)VP1蛋白上1个抗原表位(VP1的91~102、254和168位氨基酸残基)所构建的嵌合蛋白6F/PV3N1进行体外免疫学研究。方法:利用分子克隆和基因重组技术将PV3抗原表位插入RV载体蛋白,构建重组抗原表位嵌合蛋白表达质粒,转染大肠杆菌后表达重组蛋白,经SDS-PAGE确认表达产物,再通过Western印迹分析嵌合蛋白的抗原反应性。结果:用载体蛋白VP6F、轮状病毒Wa病毒株免疫的豚鼠血清抗体分别都能与VP6F和6F/PV3N1产生特异性结合;PV3免疫的豚鼠血清抗体只能与6F/PV3N1产生特异性结合,不能与VP6F产生特异性结合;PV1免疫的豚鼠血清抗体则不能与6F/PV3N1和VP6F产生特异性结合。结论:PV1、PV3之间不存在交叉反应现象,以RV VP6为载体构建的嵌合蛋白6F/PV3N1具有较好的免疫原性,为研发RV/PV3嵌合疫苗提供了基础。     

HIV蛋白质优势B细胞抗原表位的筛选、重组表达与抗原性鉴定

设计了一种新的病原体蛋白质B细胞抗原表位的筛选和重 组表达方法。不须使用抗原,而通过交替用病人血清IgG抗体“淘洗”(biopanning)随机肽库和用正常人血清IgG反向吸附,来获得特异抗原表位资料。用HIV病人血清的IgG抗体淘洗噬菌体递呈随机十二肽库,再以正常人IgG抗体吸附,筛选到了能和HIV病人血清发生特异反应的噬菌体克隆,经ELISA、DNA测序等,成功地筛选出了位于HIV gp41外膜蛋白、高亲和力、构型特异的优势B细胞抗原表位(602GCSGKLICTTNV613)。用大肠杆菌硫氧还蛋白作为骨架,在其活性部位以“内融合”形式重组表达了该抗原表位,纯化的重组蛋白具有良好的抗原性,能与HIV(+)IgG抗体及艾滋病人血清呈特异反应,表明本技术路线可以有 效地进行HIV蛋白质的B细胞抗原表位筛选和重组表达。此方法也可移植于其它病原微生物抗原或自身抗原的表位研究,继而为基于抗原表位水平的特异诊断试剂的研制、疫苗的设计提供依据。     

轮状病毒VP7基因在大肠杆菌中的表达及其免疫原性

轮状病毒是世界范围内引起婴幼儿病毒性腹泻的主要病原体。VP7是轮状病毒的主要外壳蛋白和中和抗原,是发展基因工程疫苗的首选。把包含全部3个主要抗原性区域的轮状病毒SA11 VP7基因片段以谷胱甘肽S转移酶融合蛋白的形式在大肠杆菌中进行表达,表达产物占菌体总蛋白的30%左右。经一步Glutathione Sepharose4B亲和纯化,重组蛋白纯度超过90%。Western blot实验表明,重组蛋白可被抗SA11的多抗特异地识别。动物实验表明,重组抗原可在小鼠和家兔体内诱导VP7特异的抗体和一定水平的SA11中和抗体。     

猪轮状病毒vp4基因在大肠杆菌中的表达

以猪轮状病毒JL94株核酸为模板扩增该病毒vp4全基因,对扩增产物进行测序及序列比较;根据VP4的5’端(1bp-750bp)特异片段主要决定其活性的观点,再设计一对引物扩增该主要抗原位点基因,将此主要抗原位点基因同pGEX-6P-1载体连接并转化入E．coli．BL2l(DE3)plays,经IPTG诱导表达出蛋白质;对表达的蛋白进行Westernblot分析、纯化和血清中和抗体试验。结果表明：JL94株与国外分离株CRW．8株、BEN．307株vp4全基因片段氨基酸同源性分别为96．98％和98．05％,说明JL94株与CRW．8株、BEN．307株属于同-vP4血清型;经IPTG诱导VP4主要抗原位点基因获得了高效表达,表达量占菌体蛋白的26％;Westernblot结果和所表达的融合蛋白免疫小鼠产生的中和抗体能阻断JL94在MAl04细胞上引起的细胞病变,说明所表达蛋白有良好的生物学活性。     

表达轮状病毒G2和G3型vp7基因重组腺病毒的免疫效果

为探索以非复制型腺病毒为表达载体的多价轮状病毒(Rotavirus,RV)基因工程疫苗的可行性,在前期工作的基础上,对表达我国G2和G3型RV流行毒株vp7基因的重组腺病毒的免疫效果进行了研究。分别用表达G2和G3型vp7基因的重组腺病毒rvAdG2VP7、rvAdG3VP7经滴鼻和灌胃两种途径免疫Balb/c小鼠,对免疫后小鼠的血清抗体、黏膜抗体和相关的细胞因子水平进行了检测和比较。结果表明,用表达G2和G3型vp7基因的重组腺病毒经滴鼻和灌胃两种途径免疫小鼠后,均可诱导机体产生较强的RV特异性免疫反应,包括体液免疫、细胞免疫和黏膜免疫,并能产生中和抗体。但免疫反应以Th2类为主,Th1类反应也占有相当的比例。本研究为新型RV基因工程疫苗的深入研究奠定了基础。     

轮状病毒LLR株VP7抗原表位的预测与验证

在GenBank中检索A组轮状病毒不同血清型的VP7基因信息,在氨基酸水平上与G10血清型LLR株的VP7序列进行序列对比,分析其血清型特异的氨基酸保守序列位点。结合蛋白质二级结构预测理论方案,设计合成3条具有轮状病毒G10血清型特异性氨基酸序列的多肽。通过检测合成肽对轮状病毒免疫血清与LLR抗原的结合抑制,证实三条多肽均具备了LLR表位属性。     

狂犬病病毒N蛋白主要抗原区的表达及SPA-ELISA抗体检测方法的建立

为有效监测免疫狂犬病疫苗后的抗体水平,以狂犬病病毒N蛋白的主要抗原表位所在区域N1蛋白为包被抗原,建立了SPA-ELISA抗体检测方法。用RT-PCR方法分别扩增出狂犬病病毒Flury LEP株N基因及其N1区域 (1 000~1 353 bp),将二者分别克隆至原核表达载体pGEX-6P-1中,并将重组的表达载体分别转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3) 中,经1 mmol/L IPTG诱导后进行免疫印迹分析。结果表明,重组的RV N和RV N1均以包涵体形式表达。与表达全长RV N相比,RV N1的表达量显著高于前者,且该重组蛋白同样具有良好的反应原性。用纯化的重组RV N1作为诊断抗原建立了检测犬RV抗体的间接ELISA方法。通过优化反应条件,确定抗原最佳包被量是2 mg/L,血清的最佳稀释度为1∶100,Protein A-HRP的稀释度为1∶4 000。用建立的ELISA方法对102份临床血清样品进行检测,与商品化试剂盒相比,二者的符合率为94.1％。试验结果表明基于主要抗原表位所在区域N1蛋白的SPA-ELISA方法可有效用于犬RV抗体水平的检测,为检测RV免疫抗体的ELISA试剂盒的研制奠定了基础。     

免疫荧光法检测原核和真核细胞中表达的轮状病毒外壳蛋白VP4

目的：用免疫荧光法快速检测原核和真核细胞中表达的轮状病毒（RV）外壳蛋白VP4。方法：以抗VP4的抗体为一抗、FITC标记的羊抗豚鼠IgG为二抗,用免疫荧光方法检测在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中重组表达的同源RVVP4;检测SA11或Wa株RV感染MA104细胞后不同时间段病毒VP4的合成及其在感染细胞中的分布情况。结果：用免疫荧光法可直接检测到原核细胞中表达的外源蛋白,也可检测到病毒蛋白在真核细胞中的分布情况。结论：免疫荧光法可特异、方便、快速地检测RV VP4在原核和真核细胞中的表达;来源于RV TB—Chen株的VP4抗体可特异性识别同源病毒VP4,交叉识别SA11或Wa株的VP4。     

Passive protection against rotavirus-induced diarrhea by monoclonal antibodies to surface proteins vp3 and vp7.

Monoclonal antibodies directed against two rotavirus surface proteins (vp3 and vp7) as well as a rotavirus inner capsid protein (vp6) were tested for their ability to protect suckling mice against virulent rotavirus challenge. Monoclonal antibodies to two distinct epitopes of vp7 of simian rotavirus strain RRV neutralized RRV in vitro and passively protected suckling mice against RRV challenge. A monoclonal antibody directed against vp3 of porcine rotavirus strain OSU neutralized three distinct serotypes in vitro (OSU, RRV, and UK) and passively protected suckling mice against OSU, RRV, and UK virus-induced diarrhea. The role of vp3 in eliciting protection against heterotypic rotavirus challenge should be considered when developing a vaccine with cloned rotavirus genes. Alternatively, immunization with a reassortant rotavirus containing vp3 and vp7 from two antigenically distinct rotavirus parents might protect against diarrhea induced by two or more rotavirus serotypes.     

Lack of cosegregation of the subgroup II antigens on genes 2 and 6 in porcine rotaviruses.

The rotavirus subgroup I and II specificities associated with gene 2 and 6 products (vp2 and vp6, respectively) were shown not to cosegregate in a number of porcine rotavirus strains. The porcine OSU rotavirus strain and OSU-vp7-like strains were all found to possess a subgroup II-specific region on vp2 and a subgroup I-specific region on vp6. Of interest is the observation that the subgroup II-specific epitope on vp2 appears to be present only in human and porcine rotavirus strains, suggesting a possible human-pig ancestral lineage for gene 2.     

The primary structure of HLA-A32 suggests a region involved in formation of the Bw4/Bw6 epitopes

All HLA-B locus molecules have either the Bw4 or Bw6 epitopes. In addition, the Bw4 epitope is found on HLA-Aw23, Aw24, and A32, and Bw6 is also found on HLA-Cw3. The structural basis for these determinants and the evolution of their distribution among products of the HLA-B locus has been a long standing puzzle. To identify residues that may be involved in these determinants, we have cloned a gene for A32 and sequenced the protein encoding exons. Comparison of the predicted protein sequence with other HLA-A,B,C sequences identified residues 79 through 83 of the alpha 1 domain as having a pattern of polymorphic substitution that correlates with the presence and absence of the Bw4 and Bw6 epitopes.     

B Cell Epitopes within VP1 of Type O Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus for Detection of Viral Antibodies

In this study,the coding region of type O FMDV capsid protein VP1 and a series of codon optimized DNA sequences coding for VP1 amino acid residues 141-160(epitope1),tandem repeat 200-213(epitope2(+2)) and the combination of two epitopes(epitope1-2)was genetically cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pPROExHTb and pGEX4T-1,respectively.VP1 and the fused epitopes GST-E1,GST-E2(+2)and GST-E1-2 were successfully solubly expressed in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli and Western blot analysis demonstrat...     

Reassortant rotaviruses containing structural proteins vp3 and vp7 from different parents induce antibodies protective against each parental serotype.

Genetic studies of reassortant rotaviruses have demonstrated that gene segments 4 and 9 each segregate with the serotype-specific neutralization phenotype in vitro. Reassortant rotaviruses derived by coinfection of MA-104 cells with the simian strain SA11 and the antigenically distinct bovine strain NCDV were used to determine which viral genes coded for proteins which induced a protective immune response in vivo. In addition, reassortant rotaviruses containing only the gene segment 4 or 9 protein products (vp3 and vp7, respectively) from SA11 or NCDV were used to determine the serotypic specificities of both vp3 and vp7 in several mammalian rotavirus strains. vp3 and vp7 from the murine strain Eb were shown to be indistinguishable from the corresponding proteins from strain SA11. Adult mice orally inoculated with strain Eb developed neutralizing antibodies to both vp3 and vp7. The two naturally occurring bovine rotavirus strains NCDV and UK were shown to contain antigenically similar vp7 but distinct vp3 proteins. Mouse dams orally immunized with a reassortant virus containing only gene 9 from NCDV passively protected their progeny against UK challenge, whereas mouse dams orally immunized with a reassortant virus containing only gene 4 from NCDV did not. Finally, we constructed reassortant viruses that immunized against rotaviruses of two distinct serotypes. SA11 X NCDV reassortants that contained vp3 and vp7 from different parents induced a protective immune response against both parental serotypes. vp3 and vp7 were independently capable of inducing a protective immune response after oral immunization. An understanding of the serotypic specificities of both vp3 and vp7 of human rotavirus isolates will be necessary for the development of successful strategies to protect infants against severe rotavirus infections.     

Characterization of Lactococcus lactis phage antigens.

Phage phi 197 is representative of a widespread lactococcal phage group characterized by a particular morphology (prolate head with a noncontractile tail). In order to develop an immunoenzymatic phage detection test, fusion proteins containing beta-galactosidase fused to epitopes of phage phi 197 structural proteins were constructed by cloning random DNA fragments from the phage genome upstream of a lacZ gene on a plasmid vector. Recombinant plasmids containing certain fragments encoded the synthesis of fusion proteins which react with polyclonal antibodies against the phage and confer a Lac+ phenotype on Escherichia coli. Three different epitopes were represented; phage-specific DNA fragments encoding these epitopes were mapped at three locations on the phage genome, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. Two fused phage antigens were conformational epitopes, whereas the phage epitope of protein encoded by the recombinant plasmid designated pOA17 was a denaturation-resistant epitope. This epitope was very immunogenic. Protein encoded by plasmid pOA17 was synthesized in large amounts from a strong promoter. Antibodies raised against this hybrid protein were used to identify the 46-kDa minor phage protein which provides the epitope. Antibody cross-reactivity of phages related to phi 197 showed that this epitope is well conserved in this genetic group.     

Characterization of Lactococcus lactis phage antigens.

Phage phi 197 is representative of a widespread lactococcal phage group characterized by a particular morphology (prolate head with a noncontractile tail). In order to develop an immunoenzymatic phage detection test, fusion proteins containing beta-galactosidase fused to epitopes of phage phi 197 structural proteins were constructed by cloning random DNA fragments from the phage genome upstream of a lacZ gene on a plasmid vector. Recombinant plasmids containing certain fragments encoded the synthesis of fusion proteins which react with polyclonal antibodies against the phage and confer a Lac+ phenotype on Escherichia coli. Three different epitopes were represented; phage-specific DNA fragments encoding these epitopes were mapped at three locations on the phage genome, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. Two fused phage antigens were conformational epitopes, whereas the phage epitope of protein encoded by the recombinant plasmid designated pOA17 was a denaturation-resistant epitope. This epitope was very immunogenic. Protein encoded by plasmid pOA17 was synthesized in large amounts from a strong promoter. Antibodies raised against this hybrid protein were used to identify the 46-kDa minor phage protein which provides the epitope. Antibody cross-reactivity of phages related to phi 197 showed that this epitope is well conserved in this genetic group.     

猪轮状病毒vp4基因的克隆及其在昆虫细胞中的表达

本研究扩增猪轮状病毒中国分离株JL94株VP4蛋白主要抗原编码区基因(1-756bp),将测序结果与国外分离株进行比较;将该基因片段同载体pMel BacA连接后,与杆状病毒DNA共转染入昆虫细胞Sf9,经蚀斑筛选纯化重组病毒并再感染Sf9细胞获得vp4基因的表达,对表达的VP4蛋白进行Western blot分析和血清中和抗体试验。结果表明：JL94株VP4主要抗原编码区基因与国外分离株CRW-8株、Gottfried株该基因片段氨基酸同源性分别为96．43％和67％,说明JL94株与CRW-8株属同一VP4血清型,而与Gottfried株属不同血清型。JL94株vP4主要抗原编码区氨基酸最大变异处位于aa81-aa207。vp4基因在昆虫细胞中表达量占细胞总蛋白的20％,Western Blot证实表达蛋白有良好的生物学活性。所表达的蛋白免疫小鼠产生中和抗体,阻断JL94在MA104细胞上引起的细胞病变。     

MAPPING OF HIV-1 GAG EPITOPES RECOGNIZED BY POLYCLONAL ANTIBODIES USING GENE-FRAGMENT PHAGE DISPLAY SYSTEM

Phage display has emerged as a powerful technique for mapping epitopes recognised by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. We have recently developed a simple gene-fragment phage display system and have shown its utility in mapping epitope recognised by a monoclonal antibody. In the present study, we have employed this system in mapping epitopes recognised by polyclonal antibodies raised against HIV-1 capsid protein, p24 which is derived from proteolytic cleavage of Gag polyprotein. HIV-1 gag DNA was fragmented by DNase I and the fragments (50–250 bp) were cloned into gene-fragment phage display vector to construct a library of phages displaying peptides. This phage library was used for affinity selection of phages displaying epitopes recognised by rabbit anti-p24 polyclonal antibodies. Selected phages contained sequences from two discrete regions of p24, demonstrating the presence of two antigenic regions.

The DNA sequences encoding these regions were also cloned and expressed as GST fusion proteins. The immunoreactivity of these epitopes as GST fusion proteins, or as phage-displayed peptides, was comparable in ELISA system using same anti-p24 polyclonal antibodies. The results indicate that the gene-fragment based phage display system can be used efficiently to identify epitopes recognised by polyclonal antibodies, and phage displayed epitopes can be directly employed in ELISA to detect antibodies.     

Mapping of hiv-1 Gag epitopes recognized by polyclonal antibodies using gene-fragment phage display system.

Phage display has emerged as a powerful technique for mapping epitopes recognised by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. We have recently developed a simple gene-fragment phage display system and have shown its utility in mapping epitope recognised by a monoclonal antibody. In the present study, we have employed this system in mapping epitopes recognised by polyclonal antibodies raised against HIV-1 capsid protein, p24 which is derived from proteolytic cleavage of Gag polyprotein. HIV-1 gag DNA was fragmented by DNase I and the fragments (50-250 bp) were cloned into gene-fragment phage display vector to construct a library of phages displaying peptides. This phage library was used for affinity selection of phages displaying epitopes recognised by rabbit anti-p24 polyclonal antibodies. Selected phages contained sequences from two discrete regions of p24, demonstrating the presence of two antigenic regions. The DNA sequences encoding these regions were also cloned and expressed as GST fusion proteins. The immunoreactivity of these epitopes as GST fusion proteins, or as phage-displayed peptides, was comparable in ELISA system using same anti-p24 polyclonal antibodies. The results indicate that the gene-fragment based phage display system can be used efficiently to identify epitopes recognised by polyclonal antibodies, and phage displayed epitopes can be directly employed in ELISA to detect antibodies.