中国花天牛亚科三新种记述：鞘翅目：天牛科

本文了中国花天牛亚科３新种－卵斑长颊瘦花牛Ｇｎａｔｈｏｓｔｒａｎｇａｌｉａ ｅｌｌｉｐｔｉｃａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。,暗背脊花天牛Ｓｔｅｎｏｃｏｒｕｓ ｆｕｓｃｏｄｏｒａｌｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,四斑短腿瘦花天牛Ｐｅｄｏｓｔｒａｎｇａｌｉａ ｑｕａｄｒｉｍａｃｕｌａｔａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。模式标本存西农业大学昆虫标本馆。     

沟胫天牛族三新种记述(鞘翅目:天牛科:沟胫天牛亚科)

记述了沟胫天牛亚科沟胫天牛族Ａｇｎｉｎｉ３新种,即双斑齿胫天牛Ｐａｒａｌｅｐｒｏｄｅｒａ ｂｉｍａｃｕｌａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,云南棱柄天牛Ｎａｎｏｈａｍｍｕｓ ｙｕｎｎａｎａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和白斑肖墨天牛Ｘｅｎｏｈａｍｍｕｓ ａｌｂｏｍａｃｕｌａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。新种模式标本保存于西南农业大学昆虫标本馆。     

中国污天牛属二新种记述(鞘翅目:天牛科)

记述了中国污天牛属Ｍｏｒｃｈｏｔｙｐａ ２新种，即斑胸污天牛Ｍ．ｎｉｇｒｉｃｏｌｌｉｓ Ｗａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｊｉａｎｇ，ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和瘤胸污天牛Ｍ．ｔｕｂｅｒｃｕｌｉｃｏｌｌｉｓ Ｗａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｊｉａｎｇ，ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。模式标本保存在西南农业大学昆虫标本馆。     

中国沟胫天牛亚科一新属及一新种（鞘翅目：天牛科）

本文记述天牛科沟胫天牛亚科１新属，球胸天牛属Ｇｉｂｂｏｈａｍｍｕｓｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．和１新种：缩颈球胸天牛Ｇｉｂｂｏｈａｍｍｕｓｓｔｒｉｃｔｉｃｏｌｌｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。     

中国泥色天牛属Uraecha Thomson分类研究（鞘翅目：天牛科：沟胫天 …

记述泥色天牛属Ｕｒａｅｃｈａ的主要特征及地理颁由,并报道１新种：龙州泥色天牛Ｕｒａｅｃｈａ ｌｏｎｇｚｈｏｕｅｎｓｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,编制了我国已知９种的检索表。新种的模式标本保存在西南农业大学听话纱昆虫标本馆。     

中国纳天牛属二新种记述（鞘翅目：天牛科）

纳天牛属 Ｎｅｄｉｎｅ Ｔｈｏｍ ｓｏｎ, １８６４ 隶属于棒角天牛族 Ｒｈｏｄｏｐｉｎｉ,全球已知３种,分布于东南亚,我国尚无记录。该属的主要特征是触角显较体长,下沿有较密的缨毛,第２节与第４节近等长;体背相当拱隆略呈纺锤形;足较长,腿节呈棒状,后足腿节甚长,几伸达鞘翅末端,后足第１跗节近等长于第２、３节之和。新种模式标本保存于西南农业大学植物保护系昆虫标本馆。１． 刺翅纳天牛 Ｎｅｄｉｎｅ ｓｕｂｓｐｉｎｏｓａ, 新种 （图１～４）新种与 Ｎｅｄｉｎｅ ｌｏｎｇｉｐｅｓ Ｔｈｏｍ ｓｏｎ, １８６４ 较接近,主要区别为体红褐色而非灰褐色,鞘翅基部中央具１角状瘤突,鞘翅隐现３条灰白色绒毛横带而非被一色绒毛等。正模♂,云南付宁剥隘,１９７９－ Ⅴ－ ２,尹耀宜采;副模１♂,采集记录同正模。２． 麻斑纳天牛 Ｎｅｄｉｎｅ ｓｐａｒａｔｉｓ, 新种 （图５～８）本新种与刺翅纳天牛 Ｎ． ｓｕｂｓｐｉｎｏｓａ ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ． 的主要区别为体被均匀一致的绒毛,鞘翅无基瘤及淡色横带,触角下沿具更密而长的缨毛;雄性外生殖器的阳基侧突较短,中茎侧面中部具横凹陷等。正模♂,云南墨江,１９８０－ Ⅵ－ ５,刘芬采。     

中国天牛科二新记录种

本文记述采自中国吉林的花天牛亚科Ｌｅｐｔｕｒｉｎａｅ中国２新记录种,即显突花天牛属Ｍａｃｒｏｐｉｄｏｎｉａ的红胸显突花天牛Ｍ．ｒｕｆｉｃｏｌｉｓＰｉｃ和宽翅花天牛属Ｊｕｄｏｌｉｄｉａ的庞氏宽翅花天牛Ｊ．ｂａｎｇｉ（Ｐｉｃ）。     

云南鹤庆盆地晚第四纪介形类新属种

云南鹤庆盆地晚第四纪（１５ ０００－１２ ０００ａＢＰ）ＨＱ钻孔剖面建立介形类２新属６新种,即玻璃介科的Ｃａｎｄｏｎａ ｐａｒｕａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｙｕｎｎａｎｉｃａｎｄｏｎａ ｏｂｌｏｎｇａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｌｉｎｅｏｃｙｐｒｉｓ ｇｒａｎｕｌｏｓａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｌ．ｇｉｂｂａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．以及湖花介科的Ｐａｒａｃｈｉｎｏｃｙｔｈｅｒｅ ｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔａ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,     

中国脊花天牛属一种（鞘翅目：天牛科）

记述中国花天牛亚科1新种－－裂跗脊花天牛Stenoconus schizotarsus,sp.nov.,模式标本存西南农业大学昆虫标本馆。     

四川丽蝇族三新种：双翅目：丽蝇科

１９８０－１９９４年在四川一些地区采获的蝇类标本中,发现丽蝇族Ｃａｌｌｉｐｈｏｒｉｎｉ３新种,分别命名为二郎山蚓蝇Ｏｎｅｓｉａ ｅｒｌａｎｇｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．花蚓蝇Ｏｎｅｓｉａ ｆｌｏｒａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．大叶陪丽蝇Ｂｅｌｌａｒｄｉａ ｍｅｇａｌｏｂａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,模式示本存于作者所在单位。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Composition and diversity of bird communities in Swedish farmland–forest mosaic landscapes

CapsuleThe amount of forest (at local and landscape scales) and occurrence of residual habitats at the local scale are shown to be the major factors influencing bird community composition in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Aims To investigate the importance of local habitat and landscape structure for breeding birds in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Methods Breeding birds were censused at 292 points. A detailed habitat mapping was made within 300 m of the points. Within a 300–600 m radius only two major habitats (forests and arable fields) were identified.

Results Cluster analyses of bird communities identified three site types that also differed in habitat composition: (i) partially forested sites in forested landscapes; (ii) heterogeneous sites with residual habitats in mosaic landscapes; and (iii) field-dominated farmland sites in open landscapes. A total of 19 of 25 farmland bird species (restricted to farmland or using both farmland and forest) had the highest abundance in farmland sites with mosaics of forest and farmland, while only six farmland species had the highest abundance in field-dominated sites. The bird community changed from being dominated by farmland species to being dominated by forest species (common in forest landscapes without farmland) at small proportions (10–20%) of forest at the local scale. A major difference in habitat composition between heterogeneous and field-dominated sites was the occurrence of different residual habitats (e.g. shrubby areas and seminatural grasslands). These habitats seemed to influence bird community composition more than land-use, despite covering <10% of the area. Seminatural grasslands were important for bird community composition and species-richness, but grazing seemed to be less important. Among different land-use types, cereal crops were the least preferred fields. Set-asides with tall vegetation and short rotation coppices were positively associated with species-richness of farmland birds.

Conclusion In general, the composition of the landscape was important for bird community composition, although amount and distribution of forests, occurrence of residual habitats and land-use of fields at the local scale had the strongest influence on bird community composition. The possible implications of these patterns for managing farmland–forest landscapes are discussed.     

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Rhus typhina L. and their chemotaxonomic significance

This work describes the isolation and characterization of twenty-nine compounds from the fruits of Rhus typhina L., including eleven flavonoids (1–11), eleven phenols (12–22), two pentacyclic triterpenes (23–24), two organic acids (25–26), one lumichrome (27), one courmarin (28) and one pyrimidine (29) on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds apigenin (1), daidzein (4), orobol (5), 3′, 5, 5′, 7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (6), naringenin (7), butein (8), (-)-catechin (9), quercetin-3-O-α-L-(3″-O-galloyl)-rhamnoside (11), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (13), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (14), vanillin (15), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (16), 3,5-dihydroxybenzamide (18), tyrosol (19), caffeic acid (20), 3-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-one (21), phlorizin (22), friedelin (23), oleanolic acid (24), 4,4-dimethyl-heptanedioic acid (25), anthranilic acid (26), lumichrome (27), scoparone (28) and uracil (29) have not been recorded before in this plant. This is the first report on the occurrence of compounds 4–7, 9, 11, 13–14, 16, 18–21, 25–29 from the genus Rhus. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds was also summarized.